plant crash course - introduction to plant evolution
TRANSCRIPT
Tuesday April 4th , 2017
Today you need• Notebook• Something to write with
Objective• Identify and describe the
function of plant and flower organs
Wednesday April 5th , 2017Animal Poster Due
Kingdom Animalia Poster Tour
• To help you become more familiar with more animals, please take a tour of the posters created by your classmates
• Complete the graphic organizer for 4 different animals (not the one you researched)
• Please be done by __________
To do
• Please hang up your animal mini-poster
Plant Anatomy & Evolution
How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?Are these all plants?
Green algae
Charophycean
Liverwort
Fern
Tree
Lichen
How Would You Define the Kingdom Plantae?yes
yes
Maybe depending on reclassification
No - Lichen=symbiosis between fungus & photosynthetic algae
No
yes
What are the organs of a plant?
• 3 Basic Plant Organs: Roots StemsLeaves Shoot system
What is the function of each organ?
Roots Absorb water and minerals
Shoot System Stems allow for height Leaves for photosynthesis
Why is height important?
Plant Classification:• The plant kingdom can
be divided into 3 main categories:
1. nonvascular plants2. seedless vascular
plants3. seed vascular plants
Nonvascular Plants– Moss– Most simple– Most ancient– No vessels
Seedless Vascular Plants • ferns• Vessels, no flowers
Big Sporophyte Tiny Gametophyte
Plant vessels• Xylem tubes carry water throughout the plant • Phloem tubes carry sugar throughout the plant• Vascular tissue allows plants to grow bigger & taller
Seed Vascular Plants• A seed is an embryo + a food supply for the embryo + a
protective coat around the whole thing
Seed Plants - Gymnosperms• Gymno - naked• Sperm - seeds• Cone bearing plants -
conifers (pines, firs, redwoods)
• Seeds are “naked” - seeds on cones, not in a fruit
Male and female structures in different cones
Wind dependent pollination
Seed Plants - Angiosperms
• aka “flowering plants”
• Seed plants with flowers and fruit
• Angio - container• Sperm - seed
Angiosperms
• Most diverse, most evolved group of all plants• Over 250,000 species• Represent 90% of all plants
Angiosperm Structures
Flower = structure specialized for sexual reproduction
Flower Structures• Sepal = at base of flower, us.
green, enclose flower before it opens
• Petals = aid in attracting pollinators– Unless wind pollinated, then they are
dull• Stamens = produce pollen, the
male gametophyte• Carpels = produce female
gametophytes
Mechanisms to prevent self-fertilization
– Maturation of reproductive organs at different times
– Structural arrangement of reproductive organs
Development
The ovule develops into the seedThe ovary develops into the fruit, which encloses the seed
Fruit• Fruits protect and help
disperse the seeds of the plant
• Fruits can be fleshy (oranges, strawberries, grapes) or dry (beans, nuts, grains)
Radicle - the embryonic rootEpicotyl - part of embryo where cotyledons (seed leaves) are attachedSeed is dormant until right conditions are met
Animals have influenced the evolution of plants, and vice versaAnimals on ground favors plants that can grow tall, out of reach– Animal adapt by growing taller, flying, etc.
Fruit develops to protect seeds, but sweeter fruit gets eaten and seeds dispersed fartherPlants and pollinators can have very specific relationships (coevolution)