Plant Anatomy and Plant Anatomy and PhysiologyPhysiology

What are the parts of the plant, and What are the parts of the plant, and how do they work?how do they work?

What is ClassificationWhat is Classification

GROUPINGGROUPING things according to their things according to their CHARACTERISTICSCHARACTERISTICS

Plant Classification (5 Kingdoms)Plant Classification (5 Kingdoms)

ANIMALANIMAL PLANTPLANT FUNGIFUNGI BACTERIA (MONERA)BACTERIA (MONERA) PROTISTSPROTISTS

Label Major Plant PartsLabel Major Plant Parts

RootsRoots StemsStems LeavesLeaves FlowersFlowers

RootsRoots

Functions:Functions: Absorb water and nutrientsAbsorb water and nutrients

Anchor the plant, and support the above ground Anchor the plant, and support the above ground part of the plant.part of the plant.

Store food.Store food.

StemsStems

Functions: Functions:

Support the leaves, and positions them so they can Support the leaves, and positions them so they can receive as much sunlight as possiblereceive as much sunlight as possible

Responsible for the size and shape of the plant.Responsible for the size and shape of the plant.

StemsStems

Functions:Functions:

Move water, minerals, and manufactured food Move water, minerals, and manufactured food throughout the whole plant.throughout the whole plant.

Green stems produce food through photosynthesis.Green stems produce food through photosynthesis.

StemsStems

Internal StructuresInternal Structures

Xylem: Tissue responsible for carrying water and Xylem: Tissue responsible for carrying water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It is located nutrients from the roots to the leaves. It is located near the center of the stem.near the center of the stem.

Xylem UpXylem Up!!!!

Stems Stems

Internal Structure:Internal Structure:

Phloem: Tissue responsible for carrying food Phloem: Tissue responsible for carrying food produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant. The produced in the leaf to the rest of the plant. The phloem is usually located near the outside of the phloem is usually located near the outside of the stem.stem.

Phloem DownPhloem Down!!!!

LeavesLeaves

Functions:Functions: Produce food for the plants. They are designed to Produce food for the plants. They are designed to

efficiently collect light and use that light to make efficiently collect light and use that light to make energy.energy.

LeavesLeaves

Leaf LayersLeaf Layers Stomata: Holes in the lower epidermis responisble Stomata: Holes in the lower epidermis responisble

for gas exchange.for gas exchange.

Guard Cells: Surround the stomata’s which open Guard Cells: Surround the stomata’s which open and close them.and close them.

Leaf LayersLeaf Layers

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Photosynthesis: A chemical process by which Photosynthesis: A chemical process by which a plant turns light energy from the sun into a plant turns light energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of sugar.chemical energy in the form of sugar.

Photosynthesis Photosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis The plant uses water and carbon dioxide to The plant uses water and carbon dioxide to

produce glucose (a sugar). The by product of produce glucose (a sugar). The by product of photosynthesis is oxygen.photosynthesis is oxygen.

These chemical reactions take place inside the These chemical reactions take place inside the cells near the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are filled cells near the chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are filled with Chlorphyll which makes the plants green.with Chlorphyll which makes the plants green.

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

Plants don’t photosynthesize. Chloroplasts do! Plants don’t photosynthesize. Chloroplasts do! Plants just happen to be lucky enough to have Plants just happen to be lucky enough to have chloroplasts in their cells.chloroplasts in their cells.

RespirationRespiration

Cellular Respiration: The opposite of Cellular Respiration: The opposite of photosynthesis. This process breaks sugars photosynthesis. This process breaks sugars down so plants can use them.down so plants can use them.

Similar to digestion in animals.Similar to digestion in animals.

Takes place in a place in the cell called the Takes place in a place in the cell called the mitochondria.mitochondria.

RespirationRespiration

How are photosynthesis and respiration How are photosynthesis and respiration important to us as human beings?important to us as human beings?

FlowersFlowers

Flower Parts -- MaleFlower Parts -- Male Stamen: Male part of the flower.Stamen: Male part of the flower.

Filament: Stalk like in the stamen that holds up Filament: Stalk like in the stamen that holds up the antherthe anther

Anther: Sack-like structure that contains pollen.Anther: Sack-like structure that contains pollen.

FlowersFlowers

Flower Parts -- MaleFlower Parts -- Male Pollen grains are released from the anther that Pollen grains are released from the anther that

contains sperm.contains sperm.

Staminate: Flowers that have only male parts.Staminate: Flowers that have only male parts.

FlowersFlowers

Flower Parts – FemaleFlower Parts – Female Pistil: Female part of the flowerPistil: Female part of the flower

Stigma: Sticky part of the pistil that is receptive to Stigma: Sticky part of the pistil that is receptive to pollen.pollen.

Style: Rod shaped middle part that has a swollen Style: Rod shaped middle part that has a swollen base (ovary) containing eggsbase (ovary) containing eggs

FlowersFlowers

Flower Parts – Neither male or femaleFlower Parts – Neither male or female Petals: colorful leaf-like structures which attract Petals: colorful leaf-like structures which attract

animals and insects.animals and insects.

Corolla: When all of the petals are fused together.Corolla: When all of the petals are fused together.

Sepals: Green leaves that protect the flower before Sepals: Green leaves that protect the flower before it opens.it opens.

FlowersFlowers

Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Two parents Sexual Reproduction in Plants: Two parents (meiosis)(meiosis) #1 The stamen releases pollen.#1 The stamen releases pollen.

#2 Pollen is carried by wind, gravity, animals, or insects to #2 Pollen is carried by wind, gravity, animals, or insects to the stigma of another flower. (This is when pollination the stigma of another flower. (This is when pollination occurs)occurs)

#3 The pollen moves from the stigma down through in a #3 The pollen moves from the stigma down through in a pollen tube the style depositing sperm in the ovary. pollen tube the style depositing sperm in the ovary.

FlowersFlowers

Sexual Reproduction in Plants:Sexual Reproduction in Plants: #4 When the sperm has been deposited in #4 When the sperm has been deposited in

the ovary fertilization has occurred.the ovary fertilization has occurred.

#5 When the eggs have been fertilized, the ovary #5 When the eggs have been fertilized, the ovary and surrounding tissue start to enlarge to become a and surrounding tissue start to enlarge to become a fruit and the fertilized eggs become seeds.fruit and the fertilized eggs become seeds.

FlowersFlowers

Flower Types:Flower Types: Perfect Flower: Has both male and female parts.Perfect Flower: Has both male and female parts.

Imperfect Flower: A flower that is missing either Imperfect Flower: A flower that is missing either male or female parts.male or female parts.

Complete Flower: Flowers that have sepals, Complete Flower: Flowers that have sepals, petals, pistils, and stamens.petals, pistils, and stamens.

FlowersFlowers

Flower Types:Flower Types:

Incomplete Flowers: When a flower is missing Incomplete Flowers: When a flower is missing sepals, petals, pistils, or stamen.sepals, petals, pistils, or stamen.

Imperfect Flowers are always incomplete. Imperfect Flowers are always incomplete. Incomplete flowers may or may not be imperfectIncomplete flowers may or may not be imperfect