place-naming of historical tourism sites in bandung: a ... · place naming of historical tourism...

Running Head: PLACE NAMING OF HISTORICAL TOURISM SITES IN BANDUNG: A STUDY

7thInternationalConferenceonLanguage,Education,andInnovation

20th–21stMay,2017

98

7 ICLEI 2017-066 Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna

Place-Naming of Historical Tourism Sites in Bandung: A Study of Toponymy

Eva Tuckyta Sari Sujatna*a, Kasno Pamungkasb, Heriyantoc

aDepartment of Linguistics, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung, Indonesia

*Corresponding Author: [email protected]

ABSTRACT Many researchers do their research on Toponymy study. This article also tries to describe the Toponymy study relating to place-naming of historical tourism sites in Bandung. This study describes the types of the place-naming found in the data and it is being analogized to the eleven Nash’s classifications (2015). From the twelve data collected, it is found that the place-naming of historical tourism sites in Bandung can be classified into six classifications: two data as single noun, two data as generic noun + adjective, one data as generic noun + proper noun + verb, three data as generic noun + generic noun, three data as generic noun + proper noun, and one data as proper noun + proper noun.

Keywords: Place-naming, historical tourism sites, toponymy

Introduction

Bandung is one of the big cities in Indonesia. It is the capital city of Jawa Barat and Jawa Barat is one of the thirty four provinces in Indonesia. As a province, Jawa Barat has eighteen regencies and nine cities; Bandung is one them. Bandung is the biggest city in Jawa Barat, it has six districts. According to TribunTravel.com, Bandung is one of the seven beautiful cities in Indonesia since it has beautiful scenery, tourism sites, and it is also known as a culinary city in Indonesia. Many people visit to Bandung not only to enjoy the city but also the food.

Talking about the tourism sites, Bandung also has historical tourism sites. This article tries to figure out the historical tourism sites in Bandung, especially the place-naming as the part of Toponymy study. Many researchers have discussed about place-naming (Sujatna et al., 2016; Alderman, 2015; Shoval, 2013; Whelan, 2011; Malpas, 2004; Jett 1997) and they related the place naming to heritage or culture, and this article discusses place-naming related to historical tourism sites in Bandung. This study is done to continue the earlier study did by Sujatna et al. They did their research titled “Place-Naming of Tourism Destination in Jawa Barat: A Toponymy Study”. The aim of this study also tries to describe the place-naming of historical tourism sites relating to Nash’s classification (2015). It is described that the place-naming found in tourism destinations in Jawa Barat related to Nash’s classification (2015) are four types of place-naming: single proper noun, generic noun + proper noun, and generic noun + generic noun + proper noun, and generic noun + adjective.

Research Method The present writers collected the place naming of historical tourism sites in Bandung.

It is collected thirteen data. Then the present writers try to classify the place-naming relating to the forms based on Nash’s classification. To gain the information of the place-naming was

PLACE NAMING OF HISTORICAL TOURISM SITES IN BANDUNG: A STUDY


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defined; the present writers examined the etymology of the place-naming and they also involved informal interviews were conducted with the local people at different points around the place. They did the interviews to the local people in Bahasa Indonesia or Sundanese language (as the local language in Jawa Barat).

Theoretical Background

According to Alderman (2015), “Naming is a powerful vehicle for promoting identification with the past and locating oneself within wider networks of memory”. It is understood that naming is very important or it (the naming) is mentioned as a powerful vehicle. Berg and Kearns (1996) in Alderman (2015) argued the importance of place naming. According to them it plays a key role in the social construction of space and the contested process of attaching meaning to places.

The word Toponymy is derived from Greek words tópos (τόπος) means place and ónoma (ὄνοµα) means name. As Alderman (2015) argued that

“Place names (or toponyms) use a single word or series of words to distinguish and identify one place from another. In addition to facilitating physical navigation, toponyms evoke powerful of images and connotations, contributing to the development of a sense of place.”

In addition Whelan (2011) argued that “While heritage and the naming of places

have the potential to locate and bind people both geographically and historically, so too do they have the power to exclude.” Later, Nash (2015) in his article Is toponymy necessary? classified the rules for English language toponymy on Norfolk Island and Kangaroo Island into eleven classification. The classification will be applied into the data classification of this article. The Nash’s classification is described as follows, (1) A single English (proper) noun is productive, e.g. Cascade, Codrington, Arcadia, Possum; (2) (Proper) noun + (generic) noun (+ noun) is productive, e.g. Headstone (mono-lexemes), Pole Point, Charlotte Field, Ball Bay, Hurlstone Park (bi-lexemes), Selwyn Pine Reserve (tri-lexemes); (3) Numeral (+ noun) (+ noun) is productive (e.g. Nine Acre Piece, One Hundred Acre, 77, Four Square (4) Adjective + noun is productive (e.g. Middlegate (monolexemes), Big House, Rocky Point, New Ground, Bloody Bridge (bilexemes)); (5) Adjective + noun + noun is productive, e.g. New Farm West; (6) Definite article + adjective (+ generic noun) is productive, e.g. The Big Flat; (7) Adjective + (generic) noun is productive, e.g. Little Cascade, Fat Gulley; (8) (Proper) noun + possessive + noun is productive, e.g. Sheres Gulley, Clitchers Corner, Burns Farm, Collins Head, Steels Point; (9) Generic noun + proper noun is productive, e.g. Mount Pitt, Lake Ayliffe; (10) Proper noun (+ proper noun) + possessive is productive, e.g. Barney Duffys, Ragseys, and (11) There are fishing grounds that have arisen through humour, e.g. Oodles (where you catch oodles of fish), No Trouble Reef, No Reason, and Horse and Cart.

Discussion From the data collected, the present writers do the classifications refer to the Nash

classification (2015). From the twelve data collected, it is found that the place-naming of historical tourism sites in Bandung can be classified into six classifications: two data as single noun, two data as generic noun + adjective, one data as generic noun + proper noun + verb, three data as generic noun + generic noun, three data as generic noun + proper noun, and one data as proper noun + proper noun.



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(i) A Single Noun From the data obtained, there are two historical tourism sites derived from single noun; they are Landmark and Alun-Alun.

Fig. 1 Landmark

http://infobandung.co.id/tahukah-kamu-sejarah-singkat-gedung-

landmark-braga/

Fig. 2 Alun-Alun

http://bdgexpat.com/listings/jalan-asia-

afrika-bandung-alun-alun-bandung-2/

The single noun Landmark refers to an old building in Bandung. This building is located on Jalan Asia Afrika. In 1922-1960, this building was a book store named Van Dorp (Dutch vocabulary since in the past Dutch colonialized Indonesia), since 1970 the book store was closed, it became a cinema and until today, the building is changed function as an exhibition room or a function room to hold a wedding celebration. The second single noun is Alun-alun. Alun-alun is also located on Jl. Asia Afrika Bandung. The word Alun-alun means square. In the past Alun-alun is a square in front of mayor residence. In 2014, Alun-alun was revitalized by the mayor and today not only Bandung citizens but also visitors from outside Bandung can enjoy it as one of public facilities as a historical tourism site.

(ii) Generic Noun + Adjective The second classification found in the data is generic noun followed by adjective as in Gedung Merdeka and Mesjid Agung. The two historical tourism sites are located on Jl. Asia Afrika.

Fig. 3 Gedung Merdeka

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=gedung+merdeka+bandung&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj2wqrJ5NzTAhXDqo8KHehCBsIQsAQIOg&biw=1280&bih=623#imgrc=Ytgi6I5Seai2yM:

Fig. 4 Mesjid Agung https://www.google.co.id/search?q=masjid+agung+bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=fvjH4zeFO_S0aM%253A%253BePcK03y4mAqXlM%253Bhttp%25253A%25252F%25252Ftempatwisatadibandung.info%25252Fmasjid-raya-bandung%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=fvjH4zeFO_S0aM%253A%252CePcK03y4mAqXlM%252C_&usg=__Z1SVzydeWuX-blkgZy_xLV1AuO0%3D&biw=1280&bih=623&ved=0ahUKEwjmpuve5dzTAhVKO48KHZkMAXAQyjcIOA&ei=Xo4OWeb_A8r2vASZmYSABw#imgrc=S_Cj9wfgcGyeiM:



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Gedung Merdeka is a historical building. In 18 – 24 April 1955, the building was used to hold a conference for delegations of Asia Africa countries so it is also known as Museum Konferensi Asia Afrika ‘Asia Africa Conference Museum’. This building is built by the two architects (Van Galen Last and C.P. Wolff Schoemaker) from Thecnische Hogeschool (Institute of Technology Bandung) in 1926. Now Gedung Merdeka is one of historical tourism sites in Bandung. Mesjid Agung is also derived from generic noun followed by adjective. The words Mesjid Agung in English is Holly Mosque. Its location is front of the Alun-alun and it is also near to Landmark. Besides as historical tourism sites, Mesjid agung is also one of the religious tourism sites in Bandung. Many Muslims come to visit for praying in this mosque.

(iii) Generic Noun + Proper Noun + Verb The third classification of the data found is Gedung Indonesia Menggugat.

Fig. 5 Gedung Indonesia Menggugat

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=gedung+indonesia+menggugat&tbm=isch&imgil=2JGyi0wgIDsHAM%253A%253BPM1Lc9nP3mtxGM%253Bhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fnrmnews.com%25252F2011%25252F10%25252F12%25252Fgedung-indonesia-menggugat-gelora-semangat-indonesia- menggugat%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=2JGyi0wgIDsHAM%253A%252CPM1Lc9nP3mtxGM%252C_&usg=__Z1WjUokxUgOFVUPd9UHSXSRsdaA%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ahUKEwiB0b-h99zTAhWKrI8KHYlbBooQyjcIOw&ei=vaAOWcH-D4rZvgSJt5nQCA#imgrc=2JGyi0wgIDsHAM:

As Sujatna et al. (2017) explained that the name of Gedung Indonesia Menggugat refers to Soekarno (the first Indonesia president) and his friends protested in colonialism power and international capitalism at that time being. The protest was named Indonesia Menggugat, so that the building (in past was a court) was named Gedung Indonesia Menggugat. Since 2002, the government announced Gedung Indonesia Menggugat as the venue of seminar, discussion, exhibition, or workshop to memorize the struggle of the Indonesian heroes in the past.



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(iv) Generic Noun + Generic Noun

The fourth classification of the historical tourism sites data in Bandung is derived from generic noun followed by generic noun as described in the Gedung Sate, Kota Kembang and Gedung Pakuan.

Fig. 6 Gedung Sate

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=gedung+sate+bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=31okf057bsjalM%253A%253BaN9zbVWjH1RQRM%253Bhttp%2

5253A%25252F%25252Fwww.tempatwisatamu.com%25252Fwisata-liburan-ke-gedung-sate-

bandung.html&source=iu&pf=m&fir=31okf057bsjalM%253A%252CaN9zbVWjH1RQRM%252C_&usg=__nCuCzRc52qTQzH8nNlq-3Sv0fRU%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ahUKEwjL0_CI-

dzTAhXINI8KHbyXDVAQyjcIOA&ei=oqIOWcv6HsjpvAS8r7aABQ#imgrc=y9vam5OK0F5TlM:

Fig. 7 Kota Kembang https://www.google.co.id/search?q=bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=ZDr0nXKabwmMNM%253A%253BqiQcrBI6Eey0XM%253Bhttp%25253A%2

5252F%25252Fdunialolipop.com%25252Fpermen-lolipop-bandung%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=ZDr0nXKabwmMNM%253A%252CqiQcrBI6Eey0XM%252C_&usg=__A7L6BhxfDj6dYdPYsZ0n2p

IVYnk%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ahUKEwiMiPft-dzTAhWDsI8KHbcqAbYQyjcIaw&ei=dqMOWYz1GYPhvgS31YSwC

w#imgrc=ZDr0nXKabwmMNM:

Fig. 8 Gedung Pakuan

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=ZDr0nXKabwmMNM%253A%253BqiQcrBI6Eey0XM%253Bhttp%25253A

%25252F%25252Fdunialolipop.com%25252Fpermen-lolipop-bandung%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=ZDr0nXKabwmMNM%253A%252CqiQcrBI6Eey0XM%252C_&usg=__A7L6BhxfDj6dYdPYsZ0

n2pIVYnk%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ahUKEwiMiPft-dzTAhWDsI8KHbcqAbYQyjcIaw&ei=dqMOWYz1GYPhvgS31YSwCw#tbm=isch&q=gedung+pakuan+bandung&imgrc=0mMTSACpxRMF

kM:

Gedung Sate is one of historical tourism sites in Bandung. It was built on July, 27, 1920. The architecture of the building is very popular at the time being in Europe, the Indo Europeeschen architectuur stijl. Kota Kembang means Flower City; it is the other name of Bandung. The name refers to the beautiful scenery of Bandung. Many people visit to Bandung, not only enjoying the beautiful scenery but also the culinary. Gedung Pakuan is Jawa Barat Governor’s residence. It is on Jl. Cicendo No. 1 Bandung. It is built for three years in 1864 – 1867 which was instructed by the General Governor Ch. F. Pahud related to the movement of the capital of Priangan Residency from Cianjur to Bandung.

(v) Generic Noun + Proper Noun The fifth classification is the combination of generic noun and proper noun as described in Goa Jepang, Goa Belanda, and Jalan Braga.

Fig. 9 Goa Jepang

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=goa+jepang+bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=j6BGssIHZwJtFM%253A%253BG00JP9AqAHbDLM%253Bhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fanakbackpacker.wordpress.com%25252F2013%25252F09%25252F08%25252Fmenikmati-perjalanan-penuh-hawa-mistis-di-goa-

jepang-bandung%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=j6BGssIHZwJtFM%253A%252C

G00JP9AqAHbDLM%252C_&usg=__-vtwZDX5aK1PhL6WcNQ74CK2u4g%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ah

UKEwjf2-r__9zTAhUJM48KHVkbAm8QyjcIOQ&ei=5qkOWd_QI4nmvATZtoj4Bg#

imgrc=j6BGssIHZwJtFM:

Fig. 10 Goa Belanda

https://www.google.co.id/search?q=goa+belanda+bandung&tbm=isch&imgil=fyBtBWSh2rStMM%253A%253BxfpMC3A6PQDFyM%253Bhttps%25253A%25252F%25252Fhayyuretno.wordpress.com%2525

2F2014%25252F01%25252F28%25252Fsejarah-dan-mitos-goa-belanda-

bandung%25252F&source=iu&pf=m&fir=fyBtBWSh2rStMM%253A%252CxfpMC3A6PQDFyM%252C_&usg=__RPCni6cQsGzb3AOi8qYajy_cIb8%3D&biw=1280&bih=672&ved=0ahUKEwivt9GugN3TAhWIr48KHbGmACoQyjcIQQ&ei=SKoOWa_zLIjfvgSxzYLQAg#img

rc=fyBtBWSh2rStMM:

Fig. 11 Jalan Braga

https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalan_Braga

Goa Jepang (Goa means cave, Jepang means Japanese) is in Taman Hutan Raya Juanda (Taman Hutan Raya means forest conservation). Goa Jepang, in Sujatna et al. (2017), Goa Jepang was built by Indonesian people in 1942 under Japanese instruction and the activity was called romusha (romusha is a Japanese word; it means laborer denotes to forced laborer). The Japanese came to Indonesia after conquering the Dutch. They built the cave for saving their ammunition and logistics in the war period.



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Besides Goa Jepang, in the same area, there is Goa Belanda (Goa means cave, Belanda means Dutch). It was built in 1941, under Dutch government instruction. They built the cave along 584 meters with 15 paths and it has two entry gates 3.20 meters high. The cave was built by the Dutch to support military activity in Bandung at that time being. Jalan Braga is a name of a street in Bandung. It is very popular since along the street there are old buildings which are being conserved. It has many historical buildings along the street. Many domestic tourists and also foreign tourists (especially European tourists) come to visit and enjoy this area.

(vi) Proper Noun + Proper Noun The sixth classification is the combination of two proper nouns. Bandung is also known as Paris van Java. It means that Bandung is similar to Paris (is also known as a beautiful city) in Java (or Jawa). Since Bandung or Paris van Java is one of popular tourism cities in Indonesia, many people both domestic and foreign tourist come to visit and enjoy the historical tourism sites in Bandung.

Conclusion

From the data analysed, it is concluded that there are six types of place-naming of historical tourism sites in Bandung. The following is the classification found based on Nash classification (2015). No The Classification Place-Naming 1 single noun Landmark, alun-alun 2 generic + adjective Gedung Merdeka, Mesjid Agung 3 Generic + proper noun + verb Gedung Indonesia Menggugat 4 generic + generic Gedung Sate, Kota Kembang, GEdung

Pakuan 5 Generic + Proper noun Goa Jepang, Goa Belanda, Jalan Braga 6 Proper noun + Proper Noun Paris van Java

Acknowledgement

This research is financially supported by Ministry of Research and Technology Directorate General of Higher Education and Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung - Indonesia (Penelitian Unggulan Perguruan Tinggi, 2015-2017).

References

Alderman, Derek H., “Place, Naming and the Interpretation of Cultural Landscape.” The Ashgate Research Companion to Heritage and Identity, 2015: 195 – 213.

Hoffer, Bates L. “Language Borrowing and Language Diffusion: An Overview.” Intercultural Communication Studies, 2002: 1-37.

Jett, Stephen C. “Place-Naming, Environment, and Perception among the Canyon de Chelly Navajo of Arizona.” Place-naming, Environment, and Perception, 1997: 481-493.

Malpas, J.E. Place and Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. Nash, Joshua. “Is toponymy necessary?” Studies in Language, 2015: 229-234. O'Grady, William and Videa P. de Guzman. Morphology: The Analysis of Word Structure.

Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996. Shoval, Noam. “Street-naming, tourism development and cultural conflict: the case of the Old

City of Acre/Akko/Akka.” Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 2013: 612 - 626.



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Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, Kasno Pamungkas, and Heriyanto, 2016 “Place Naming of Tourism Destinations in Jawa Barat: A Toponymy Study. IJASOS- International E-Journal of Advances in Social Sciences, 2016: 471-476.

Sujatna, Eva Tuckyta Sari, Heriyanto, and Kasno Pamungkas. “Morphological Processes of Jawa Barat Tourism Destination Naming.” 3rd International Conference on Education and Socal Sciences. Istanbul: www.ocerint.org/intcess16, 2016: 158 - 162.

Whelan, Yvonne. “(Inter)national Naming: Heritage, Conflict and Diaspora.” ACME: An International E- Journal for Critical Geographies, 2011: 7-12

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