pima master gardeners monthly volunteer meeting phenology and the master gardeners lorianne barnett...
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Phenology and the Master Gardeners
LoriAnne BarnettEducation Coordinator, USA-NPN
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
Introduction to Phenology
What is Phenology?
http://climatewisconsin.org/story/phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Pima Extension• Participate!
Introduction to Phenology
What is phenology?Nature’s calendarThe science of the seasons• Blooms and buds• Hibernation, migration,
emergence• Easy to observe
Why does it matter?• Growth rate and range• Animal – plant – climate
relationships• Management strategies • Health implications• Agricultural uses
Introduction to Phenology
Who observes phenology?• Scientists• Gardeners• Agriculturists• Land managers• Youth• Famous historical figures
Stink bug trap crops (right) adjacentto soybean in October in north Florida
Photo courtesy of:Northern Florida Research and Education Center, Mizell, R. F.
Phenology, in short, is a “horizontal science” which transects all ordinary biological professions. Whoever sees the land as a whole is likely to have an interest in it. –A. Leopold
Introduction to Phenology
Discussion: What seasonal changes have you noticed in the last 12 months that are different than you remember from years’ past?
Have you ever kept a nature journal or calendar? Do you wish you had? How would it be useful to you today?
How does phenology directly relate to your life? Our lives on this planet?
Introduction to Phenology
History and Phenology:Traditions and Culture
Beaubien, E.G. 1991. Phenology of Vascular Plant Flowering in Edmonton and across Alberta. MS thesis, University of Alberta.
Fisherman on the east coast of Canada would not fish for shad (Alosa sapisissima) until after
the shadbush (Amelanchier spp.) flowered.
The Nuu-Chah-Nulth tribe of Vancouver Island used the ripening of salmonberries
(Rubus spectabilis) to predict the return of adult sockeye
salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) to freshwater.
Bouchard & Kennedy, 1990. Clayoquot Sound Indian Land Use. Report prepared for MacMillan Bloedel Ltd.Peacock, S. L. 1992 Piikani Ethnobotany: Traditional Plant Knowledge of the Piikani Peoples of the Northwest Plains. MS thesis, University of Calgary.
HU
NTI
NG
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyTraditions and Culture:
The Blackfoot tribe of s. Alberta and Canada used the flowering of the buffalo bean
(Thermopsis rhombifolia) to indicate that bison males (Bison bison) had eaten enough
spring browse to be ready to hunt (their meat was sufficiently marbled with fat).
Johnston A. 1982. Plants and the Blackfoot. Prov. Mus. Alberta Nat. Hist. Occ. Pap. No. 4, Alberta Culture, Historical Resources Division, Edmonton, Alberta.
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Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyTraditions and Culture:
The Tubatulabal tribe of Kern County (CA) used the ripening of coffeeberry fruits (Rhamnus californica)
at low elevations to indicate that pinyon pine (Pinus monophylla) seeds in the mountains were
ready to harvest.
Anderson, M. Kat. 2002. UC Davis.
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Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyTraditions and Culture
The Magnificent Mesquite by Ken E. Rogers
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By J. Frank Dobie
© Phil DeringFrom: Texas Beyond History
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyRecord Keeping
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyResearch, spring timing and range*
Photo by Scot Miller
• 43 species at Walden Pond bloom 7 days earlier than 150 years ago
• Blueberries flower 21 days earlier
• 27% of the species are no longer there
• Importance of legacy datasets*(Primack and Miller-Rushing, 2012)
SPECIESAND ECOSYSTEMS
ARE INFLUENCED BY GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL
CHANGE
Walden Pond
Thor
eau
Introduction to Phenology
History and PhenologyCloned Plants Project
HISTORIC LILAC NETWORKESTABLISHED IN THE
1950S
SANTA RITA EXPERIMENTAL RANGE,
GREEN VALLEY, AZ
• Began in 1950s by Joe Caprio• Series of lilacs and data at
Experimental Ranges across US for improve predictions of crop yield, pest management and bloom dates
• Clones minimize variations between locations
• Predict the spring index and provide comparable data
• Became part of the UW - Milwaukee Indicator Observation Program
S. vulgaris (common lilac), S. x chinensis (Red Rothromagenisis), C. florida (Appalachian Spring Dogwood)
Introduction to Phenology
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology Why do we care?
• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Pima Extension• Participate!
Why do we care?
Phenology and Climate ChangeResearch, spring timing and range
A three-way mismatch
English Oak
Winter Moth
Pied Flycatcher Both et al. 2006 Nature
EARLIER
SAME TIME EACH YEAR
EARLIER
Invasions
Allergies
Pests & Diseases
Wildfires Flu season
Agriculture
Festivals
Ecotourism
Why do we care?
… and sensitive to climate
… and sensitive to climate change.
“Phenology…is perhaps the simplest process in which to track changes in the ecology of species in response to climate change.” (IPCC 2007)
“Because of their close connection with climate, the timing of phenological events can be accurate indicators of climate change.” (EPA 2010)
Phenological patterns are important, economically and biologically
Why might MGs care?
Planting Pruning Pollinators Pre-emergence herbicides (Pesticides) Pupas Produce harvest Predictive viewing Plant populations Prediction of sunburn Purchase ladybugs...
PHENOLOGY (P11+)
©Pima Master Gardeners
Why might MGs care?
Pollinator Garden
Local Questions?Garden Tours
Photograph
©How Stuff Works ©IFAS Extension
Tomato hornworm
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?
USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Pima Extension• Participate!
A NATIONAL NETWORK OF INTEGRATED PHENOLOGICAL
OBSERVATIONS ACROSS SPACE AND TIME.
Primary goalTo encourage observation of phenological events and understand how plants, animals and landscapes respond to environmental variation and climate change.
Mission• Make phenology data, models and
related information available to scientists, resource managers and the public.
• Encourage people of all ages and backgrounds to observe and record phenology.
USA National Phenology Network
Network Tools• Standard methods for data
collection• Basic and applied research• Decision-support tools• Education and outreach
Nature’s Notebook
Legacy Datasets Citizen Science Project
USA National Phenology Network
A Multi-taxa, National-scale Phenology System
What’s Nature’s Notebook?A national plant and animal phenology observation program.
Online monitoring system∙ Citizen Science/Scientist contributions∙ Core protocols∙ Dynamic data visualizations∙ Network of partners
“HAVING A REASON AND A MECHANISM
FOR PAYING ATTENTION TO THE NATURAL WORLD
AROUND ME ENRICHES MY LIFE.”
— HANS
Why Citizen Science?
What Is Citizen Science?• Engages volunteers• Expands ability of scientists• Teaches scientific methods• Public and professional
scientists• Research teams• Educate and generate data• Meet science & research
goals• Eliminates gloom and doom
Citizen Science Info• www.birds.cornell.edu/citsci/about• www.CitSci.org• www.scistarter.org
USA National Phenology Network
630 plant species and 230 animal species
1815 observers reporting (6201 total) making ~250,000 observations
USA National Phenology Network
Recent and unusual rise in global temperature• Understand plant & animal response• Record early/late spring & fall events• Ecosystem shift
USA National Phenology Network
Research
Species Interactions
Habitat
Ecosystem in Balance
Stewardship
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network
Phenology and Pima Extension• Participate!
Phenology at Pima Extension
The Pima County Master Gardeners are a group of volunteers providing leadership and guidance to the community in home gardening and
landscaping.
• Education
Phenology research at the Extension Office can help you make informed recommendations, provide area-specific information about bloom times and year
to year variations, and accurate species information.
• Outreach
• Expertise
Phenology at Pima Extension
Phenology and Pima Extension
Pollinator Garden
Local Questions?Garden Tours
Photograph
©How Stuff Works ©IFAS Extension
Tomato hornworm
Phenology Observation Program
Overview
• Introduction to Phenology • Why do we care?• USA National Phenology Network• Phenology and Pima Extension
Participate!
Participate!
1. Help us to capture what’s happening in YOUR garden at PCE and at home
2. Help us to create hypotheses and answer gardening questions – maybe demonstration garden chairs already have questions?
3. Help us teach others how to pay attention to plants and animals and their response to climate and weather
4. Help us to do community outreach and help me with my education goals
Participate!
JojobaSaguaro
Creosote bushVelvet mesquiteHoney mesquiteDesert ironwoodBlue paloverde
Yellow paloverde
Know your Native Plants!
Participate!
Phenophase DefinitionsWhat is a phenophase? An observable stage in the annual lifecycle of a plant or animal that can be defined by a start and end point. Often having a duration of a few days or weeks.
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Leaves
Flowers
Fruits
Participate!
Sample Nature’s Notebook data sheet
Status
Event
Abundance – how many?
• YES• NO• UNCERTAIN• No record if you did not check
Participate!
Frequency of Observations• As often as possible• At least once a week• All observations are valuable!
Time of Day• Convenient• Consistent• Daytime
Keep looking for a phenophase even if it has ended.
Participate!
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Plants: Make repeat observations of the same individual plants for as long as you are recording data.
Participate!
Animals: Create a checklist for your site, look and listen for ALL species EACH time you visit. In some cases there may be many animals (mammals, amphibians, insects, etc.) that could visit your site.
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Why?• Phenophases may be
triggered by moisture and not just temperature
• Negative data is valuable• Conditions may change
rapidly• More data = better analysis• Climate shift may be changing
when events occur
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Enter Observations Online
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Participate!
www.usanpn.org/participate/guidelines
Participate!
Tucson Phenology TrailCurrently 7 locations• Biosphere 2• UA Campus• Sam Hughes Neighborhood• Pima Extension Offices (2)• Santa Rita Experimental
Range• Tucson Audubon Mason
Center• Tumamoc Hill • Madera CanyonTotal of 75 Miles, start to finish
3-10 species tagged at each
Participate!
1. Host a docent-led walk in the demonstration garden• Incorporate phenology into what you talk about • Talk about how plants and animals respond locally
2. Collect weekly data on our installed Phenology Walk in the demonstration garden
3. Help with a phenology station during one of the school group visits
4. Participate with one of our other sites/be a docent for the Phenology Trail
Other ideas about how to be involved?
Phenology Observation Program
Collecting systematic information about species life cycles will allow us to build a long term data set. We then
may begin to understand how our ecosystems are responding
to a changing environment.
Thank you!
LoriAnne [email protected]
You’re invited to connect with USA-NPN…
• Sign up for a phenology e-newsletter (quarterly)
• Join the Nature’s Notebook community and become an observer: Contribute to science while having fun!
• Discover new tools and resources for work or play
LoriAnne [email protected]
@loriannebarnett