Integrated Pest Management Integrated Pest Management for Master Gardenersfor Master Gardeners

Norm LepplaNorm LepplaUniversity of Florida, IFAS

Leppla’s CareerLeppla’s Career

University of Arizona- Insect Behavior &University of Arizona- Insect Behavior &Rearing Research (2 yr)Rearing Research (2 yr)

USDA, ARS- Pest Management & USDA, ARS- Pest Management & Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr)Biological Control, FL & TX (17 yr)

USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, USDA, APHIS- Methods Development, Washington DC & International (7 yr)Washington DC & International (7 yr)

University of Florida- Administration & University of Florida- Administration & Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)Integrated Pest Management (15 yr)

Introduction (Session 1)Introduction (Session 1)

• Introduction (Topics, Session 1 & 2)• History of IPM (Agriculture, Urban)• What is IPM? (Definitions)• Reactions to pest outbreaks• IPM practices and applications• Break

IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

Introduction (Session 2)Introduction (Session 2)

• Sources of IPM information• Purchasing and using natural enemies• Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere

IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

1939- 1939- DDT introduced, resistance 1947DDT introduced, resistance 19471940s- 1940s- Pesticide use grows 1940s and 1950sPesticide use grows 1940s and 1950s1950s- 1950s- Thousands of pesticides registeredThousands of pesticides registered

(~$40 billion worldwide by 2007) (~$40 billion worldwide by 2007)

History of IPMHistory of IPM

The “Magic bullet“ mindset established

History of IPMHistory of IPM1959- Integrated Control Concept: Stern, Smith,

van den Bosch, and Hagen 1969- Rachael Carson, Silent Spring1969- National Environmental Policy Act (CEQ) 1970- EPA established (pesticide registration)1972- FIFRA extensively amended

(first passed in 1947)1972- EPA cancels most uses of DDT1975- CES Extension IPM, every state ($0.5-$1.5 million)

Integrated Pest Management, or IPM, is a long-standing, science-based decision-making process that identifies and reduces risks from pests and pest management strategies. It coordinates information on pest biology, the environment, and available technology to prevent unacceptable levels of pest damage by the most economical means, while posing the least risk to people, property, resources, and the environment. IPM provides an effective strategy for managing pests from developed agricultural, residential, and public areas to wild lands. IPM provides an effective, all encompassing, sustainable approach to protect natural resources, crops, animals and people from pests. IPM recommendations are frequently recognized as Best Management Practices (BMP’s) to manage weeds, disease and insects for production of food and fiber (USDA National Road Map for Integrated Pest Management).

What is IPM?

What Causes Pest Outbreaks?

Alien invasive speciesAlien invasive species Disrupted environmentsDisrupted environments Pesticide resistancePesticide resistance Local invasionsLocal invasions PerceptionsPerceptions Others causes?Others causes?

Resistant Crop

• Competitors

• Natural enemies

• Resistant varieties

Vulnerable Crop

Alien Invasive Pest

Integrated pest management program: • Cultural practices• Scouting, Identification of pests and NE• Conservation of natural enemies• Augmentation of natural enemies• Reduced-risk insecticides• Resistance management

Pesticide program:• Application methods• Resistance management• New pesticides

ReactionReaction to to Pest OutbreakPest Outbreak

IPM in Structures and Landscapes

• Pest outbreaks & disease epidemics

• Environmental contamination

• Human health hazards

• Pest mgmt. costs

• Reduce

risk…

IPM SystemINCREASE…

• Reliability

• Sustainability

Cultural Methods

Biological Control

Chem

IPM Practices

Biological knowledgeBiological knowledge Monitoring and inspectionMonitoring and inspection Act to control pests when necessaryAct to control pests when necessary Choose least-risk options Choose least-risk options Long-term, preventative practicesLong-term, preventative practices Evaluation and recordsEvaluation and records Pesticide managementPesticide management Continual improvementContinual improvement

Generic IPM ProgramGeneric IPM Program

Where is IPM practiced?

BreakBreak

Introduction (Session 2)Introduction (Session 2)

• Sources of IPM information• Purchasing and using natural enemies• Pesticide use and safety • IPM education, training and certification • Future of IPM in Florida and elsewhere

IPM topics from Master Gardeners?

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu

IPM FloridaIPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for and inter-unit coordination and assistance for

UF/IFAS integrated pest management research UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education facultyExtension and education faculty

• Habitat-specific integrated pest management guides, fact sheets,• EDIS articles, Featured Creatures, etc.• Links to specialized websites with pest management information specific to a crop or situation.• Key contacts for expert advice on managing pests.• Additional resources for pest identification and management, e.g., diagnostic services.

Direct Access to IPM InformationDirect Access to IPM Information

Extension Extension GuidesGuides

Electronic Data Information Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)Source (EDIS)

The EDIS website is a comprehensive, The EDIS website is a comprehensive, single-source repository of all current single-source repository of all current

UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed UF/IFAS numbered peer-reviewed publications (about 7,500). publications (about 7,500).

http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/

• AgricultureAgriculture

• Community DevelopmentCommunity Development

• EnvironmentEnvironment

• Families & ConsumersFamilies & Consumers

• 4H Youth development4H Youth development

• Lawn & GardenLawn & Garden

• AquacultureAquaculture• CropsCrops• LivestockLivestock• Nursery & GHNursery & GH• Organic farmingOrganic farming• Agricultural safetyAgricultural safety• Small farmsSmall farms• Turf & sodTurf & sod

Electronic Data Information Electronic Data Information Source (EDIS)Source (EDIS)

or

Featured Creatures provides in-depth profiles of insects, nematodes, arachnids and other organisms. The site is a cooperative venture of the University of Florida's Department of Entomology and Nematology and the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services' Division of Plant Industry. All articles are official publications of the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences.

                                                                                                             

                                                                                                              

Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined Scotts Miracle-Gro Company Fined $12.5 Million in February 2012 $12.5 Million in February 2012

• pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to pled guilty to “illegally applying insecticides to its wild bird food products that are toxic to its wild bird food products that are toxic to birds, falsifying pesticide registration birds, falsifying pesticide registration documents, distributing pesticides with documents, distributing pesticides with misleading and unapproved labels and misleading and unapproved labels and distributing unregistered pesticides”distributing unregistered pesticides”

• The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird The insecticides added to Scotts wild bird food products were Actellic 5E and Storcide IIfood products were Actellic 5E and Storcide II

Pesticide InformationPesticide Information

• UF/IFAS Pesticide Information OfficeUF/IFAS Pesticide Information Office

• CDMS- ChemSearch CDMS- ChemSearch

• CDMS- CDMS- http://www.cdms.net/http://www.cdms.net/

• LabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspxLabelsMsds/LMDefault.aspx

• EPA- EPA- http://www.epa.gov/http://www.epa.gov/

• opp00001/regulating/opp00001/regulating/

• registering/data_sources.htmregistering/data_sources.htm

• Extension Pesticide Applicator TrainingExtension Pesticide Applicator Training

Extension Diagnostic ServicesExtension Diagnostic Services

What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic What can the Gainesville campus diagnostic laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client?laboratories do for a master gardener volunteer client?

Anthony CamerinoCitrus County Extension

Master Gardener Volunteer Coordinator

IPM Florida Presentation Number 18

Extension Soil Testing

Plant Disease Clinic & Nematode

Assay Insect Identification

Plant Identification

How to Send a Sample to Gainesville How to Send a Sample to Gainesville and Receive the Results?and Receive the Results?

Maybe if I put enough stuff in this box, put a stamp on it, and send it to Gainesville someone will tell me what’s wrong with my plant?

Master Gardener Volunteer Plant Clinic/Phone Room

I can’t diagnosis your problem here, but I can get your sample to the right lab for an accurate and timely diagnosis.

http://www.flpesticide.us/http://www.flpesticide.us/

Florida Pesticide Product Data

15584 Products Registered

Select and Submit Search Option

Active Ingredient EPA Registration Number

Site of Application Product Name

Pest to be Controlled Company Name

FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental FDACS, Division of Agricultural Environmental Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide Services, Bureau of Pesticides- Online Pesticide

Registration SystemRegistration System

http://utahpests.usu.edu/ipm/files/uploads/pptdocs/05sh-pesticides-new.pdf

http://miami-dade.ifas.ufl.edu/pdfs/pesticide_applicator/Insecticide%20Resistance.pdf

Pesticide ResistancePesticide Resistance

Steve TothSteve TothSouthern Region IPM CenterSouthern Region IPM Center

Tom AndersonTom AndersonFMC CorporationFMC Corporation

Fred FishelFred FishelUF/IFASUF/IFAS

http://www.irac-online.org/

1. Acetylcholine esterase inhibitor (Carbamates, Carbaryl; Organophosphates, Malathion)2. GABA-gated chloride channel antagonists (Cyclodiene organochlorines, chlordane; Phenylpyrazoles, Fipronil)3. Sodium channel modulators (Pyrethroids, Pyrethrins, Bifenthrin; DDT, Methoxychlor, DDT)4. Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor agonists (Neonicotinoids, Imidacloprid; Nicotine Nicotine; Sulfoxaflor, Sulfoxaflor5. Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor allosteric activators (Spinosyns, Spinosad)6. Chloride channel activators (Avermectins, Abamectin; Milbemycins) 7. Juvenile hormone mimics (Juvenile hormone analogues, Methoprene, Fenoxycarb, Pyriproxyfen)8. Miscellaneous nonspecific (multi-site) inhibitors (Alky halides, Methyl bromide, Chloropicrin, Sulfuryl fluoride)9. Selective homopteran feeding blockers (Pymetrozine, Flonicamid)10. Mite growth inhibitors (Clofentezine)11. Microbial disruptor of insect midgut membranes (Bacillus thuringiensis and the insecticidal proteins they

produce; Bacillus sphaericus)12. Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Diafenthiuron; Organotin miticides, Azocyclotin)13. Uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation via disruption of proton gradient (Chlorfenapyr; Sulfuramid)14. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers (Nereistoxin analogues, Bensultap) 15. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 0 (Benzoylureas, Diflubenzuron) 16. Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis, type 1 (Buprofezin)17. Moulting disruptor, Dipteran (Cyromazine)18. Ecdysone receptor agonists (Diacylhydrazines, Tebufenozide)19. Octopaminergic receptor agonists (Amitraz)20. Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors (Hydramethylnon)21. Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors (METI acaricides and insecticides, Fenpyroximate,

Rotenone)22. Voltage-dependent sodium channel blockers (Indoxacarb)23. Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase - Lipid synthesis, growth regulation (Tetronic and Tetramic acid

derivatives, Spirotetramat)24. Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors (Zinc phosphide, Cyanide)25. Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors (Beta-ketonitrile derivatives, Cyenopyrafen) 26. Vacant27. Vacant28. Ryanodine receptor modulators (Diamides, Chlorantraniliprole) 29. (UN) Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action

IRAC Insecticide ClassificationIRAC Insecticide Classification

Whitefly Insecticides Examples IRAC Active Ingredient

Nerve /Muscle poisons

Contact Carbamate Vydate 1A Restricted

Organophosphate Monitor 1B Restricted

Cyclodiene Thionex 1C End 2014 Restricted

Pyrethroid Mustang 2 Restricted

Systemic Neonicotinoids AdmireProvado

4A Imidacloprid Tolerance issues

ActaraPlatinum

4A Thiamethoxam

VenomScorpion

4A Dinotefuran

Assail 4A Acetamiprid

Diamides Coragen, Verimark*

28 Rynaxypyr, Cyazypyr

• USER SAFETY RECOMMENDATIONS

• ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS• DIRECTIONS FOR USE• AGRICULTURAL USE

REQUIREMENTS• NON-AGRICULTURAL USE

REQUIREMENTS• LIMITED WARRANTY AND

LIABILITY• RISKS OF USING THIS PRODUCT• RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT• RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS• PLANT TOLERANCE• MIXING INSTRUCTIONS• SPRAY DRIFT MANAGEMENT• APPLICATION PROCEDURES• RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS• APPLICATION ON PLANTS FOR

PESTS• STORAGE AND DISPOSAL

IPM Extension In-Service TrainingIPM Extension In-Service Training• Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory - Hands-On IPM Training Through UF Living Extension IPM Laboratory -

Bob Hochmuth Bob Hochmuth

• The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management – The Role of Cover Crops in Integrated Pest Management –

Danielle Treadwell Danielle Treadwell

• Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell Habitat Manipulations for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell

• Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober Beneficial Wildlife: Animals Helpful to Have On Your Farm - Holly Ober

• Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit Selective Tactics Used in IPM for Reducing Pest Populations in Fruit and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd and Vegetable Production - Oscar Liburd

• Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell Traps and Soft Insecticides for Management of Arthropods - Russ Mizell

• Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb Is It a Good Bug or a Bad Bug? - Susan Webb

• Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell Fruit Orchard IPM - Russ Mizell

• Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro Agronomic Crop IPM - Elena Toro

• Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia Peanut Insect Management - David Adams, University of Georgia

http://smallfarms.ifas.ufl.edu/downloads/index.html

Vegetable Crop IPM –Vegetable Crop IPM – Sunflowers as a Trap Crop Sunflowers as a Trap Crop

IPM Education and Training

Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat Prevent pest outbreaks through habitat manipulation and other cultural practicesmanipulation and other cultural practices

Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., Gain experience with pest habitats, e.g., crops or buildingscrops or buildings

Know the life cycles of the host plants, Know the life cycles of the host plants, pests and beneficial organismspests and beneficial organisms

Understand the ecology and adaptability Understand the ecology and adaptability of the organismsof the organisms

Pest Prevention and Detection

IPM Education and Training

Utilize scouting and other monitoring techniques

Accurately identify key pest and beneficial organisms

Apply damage, economic and other action thresholds

Design systems of mitigation that minimize environmental impacts

Pest Identification and Management

IPM Education and Training

Practice safe and appropriate use of Practice safe and appropriate use of pesticides and other IPM tacticspesticides and other IPM tactics

Know current laws and regulations Know current laws and regulations pertinent to pest managementpertinent to pest management

Be able to rapidly access pest Be able to rapidly access pest management information management information

Be involved in pest management and Be involved in pest management and related organizationsrelated organizations

General Knowledge and Professionalism

IPM Capabilities

Education & experience. An inter-disciplinary education in the traditional scientific disciplines plus hands-on, practical experience is essential.

Synthesis & integration. Education and training prepare pest managers to synthesize knowledge from across disciplines and integrate pest management within entire production systems.

IPM Capabilities

Problem solving & critical thinkingProblem solving & critical thinking. . Experience is gained in accurately Experience is gained in accurately diagnosing and rapidly solving diagnosing and rapidly solving plant health plant health problems while minimizing environmental problems while minimizing environmental impacts and economic losses.impacts and economic losses.

Speaking & writing effectivelySpeaking & writing effectively. Superior . Superior communication skillscommunication skills, both written and , both written and verbal, are required to effectively verbal, are required to effectively communicate IPM principles and practices. communicate IPM principles and practices.

IPM Education, Training and Certification

University of Florida (http://entnemdept.ifas.ufl.edu)

B.S., M.S. (thesis or not-thesis), Ph.D. degrees in Entomology or Nematology

Distance M.S. degree with a specialization in Entomology or Pest Management, or a Certificate in Urban Pest Management, Landscape Pest Management, or Pest Control Technology

Doctor of Plant Medicine (non-thesis, interdisciplinary)

University of Nebraska- Doctor of Plant Health

University M.S. programs

IPM3 distance education program (U. Minnesota)

Entomological Society of America- BCE, ACE

American Society of Agronomy- Certified Crop Advisor (CCA), Certified Professional Agronomist (CP-Ag), Certified Professional Plant Pathologist

National Alliance of Independent Crop Consultants- Crop Certification

State CCA, e.g., California

IPM Education, Training and Certification

Opportunities for Sustainable Food Crop Production

Research innovationsResearch innovations Technology implementationTechnology implementation Rapid information exchangeRapid information exchange Education and trainingEducation and training Biosecurity and tradeBiosecurity and trade Food safety- supply chainFood safety- supply chain Environmental stewardshipEnvironmental stewardship

Future of IPM

Sustainable and organic agricultureSustainable and organic agriculture Food security, safety and qualityFood security, safety and quality Community and school IPMCommunity and school IPM Environmental, conservationEnvironmental, conservation Federal and state regulatory activitiesFederal and state regulatory activities Public health, renewable energy, etc. Public health, renewable energy, etc.

Due to its tremendous success and acceptance, IPM is in:

http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/http://www.ipmcenters.org/ipmsymposium12/

http://ipm.ifas.ufl.eduhttp://ipm.ifas.ufl.edu

IPM Florida provides statewide, interdisciplinary and inter-unit coordination and assistance for

UF/IFAS integrated pest management research Extension and education faculty