master gardeners invasives hybrid

8/3/2019 Master Gardeners Invasives Hybrid

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Learn how to identifyLearn how to identify common invasivecommon invasive plantplant speciesspecies Learn how to identify and report EDRR speciesLearn how to identify and report EDRR species Learn characteristics of invasive plant speciesLearn characteristics of invasive plant species Learn plantLearn plant removal/controlremoval/control strategiesstrategies Learn about additionalLearn about additional resourcesresources


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Non-Native - "Exotic","alien", and "non-indigenous" to a region

I

nvasive those that spread into areas where they

are not native & are ecosystem altering Ecosystem Altering those that replace native

vegetation greatly changing the character ofecosystems, affecting wildlife, water quality, etc.

Noxious regulatory designation; species orgroups of species that have been legally designatedas serious invasives, injurious to agricultural and/orhorticultural crops, natural habitats and/or

ecosystems, and/or humans or livestock.

AA weedweed is generally defined as a plant growing where youis generally defined as a plant growing where youdont want it todont want it to


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Rapid growth and maturity

Prolific seed production

Highly successful seed dispersal, germinationand colonization

Rampant vegetative growth

Ability to out-compete native species

High cost and effort to remove or control

Some allelopathic chemically change soil


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Oregon (38%)

North Dakota (85%)California (45%)Utah (43%)

Washington (42%)


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AcresInfested

Preventionor

Eradicationsimple

(save $$)

Local control andmanagement only

(Expensive)

Con

trolCosts

Time

Introduction

Detection: focus resources here


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HumansHumans

PetsPets

WildlifeWildlife WaterWater

WindWind

VehiclesVehicles

MachineryMachinery WildflowerWildflower mixesmixes

We plant themWe plant them

Soil disturbanceSoil disturbance


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Early detection and rapid response is the most low-impact andcost-effective way to address the problem invasive plants,

short of preventing the problem in the first place.


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Class A EDRR-top priority;Class B wide spread

Class T Target Weeds

Local EDRR programs direct most control efforts.

Class A Weeds Class B Weeds

Images courtesy of Tim

Butler, Oregon Dept. ofA riculture

Photo by Eric Coombs,

Oregon Department ofA riculture


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SilverFalse Brome, Pokeweed, Garlic Mustard, Spurge laurel, ButterflyBush, Yellow Flag Iris, Purple Loosestrife, Knotweed, TravelersJoy, Scots Broom, Ivy, Giant Hogweed, Himalayan Blackberry,

Gorse, Meadow Hawkweed, Pampas/jubata grass, Spotted andDiffuse Knapweed, Policemans Helmet

GoldShining and Robert Geranium, Hedge Bindweed, Lesser

Celandine, Scots Brome, Evergreen blackberry, Norway Maple*,Tree-of-heaven*, English Holly* (*Large trees exempt for gold butnot for Platinum level), Yellow Archangel, Purple Star Thistle

PlatinumSpatulaleaf Loosestrife, Large and Small-leaf Periwinkle, Fennel,Reed Canarygrass, Creeping buttercup.


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Buy clean seed/birdfeed; donBuy clean seed/birdfeed; dont plant weeds!t plant weeds!

Clean yard equipment after working on weedyClean yard equipment after working on weedy

sitessites Dont invite weedsDont invite weeds amend and plant disturbedamend and plant disturbed

areas quicklyareas quickly

Use mulch materialsUse mulch materials

or weed matsor weed mats

Pull weeds earlyPull weeds earlybefore they go to seed!before they go to seed!

Be cautious at garden swapsBe cautious at garden swaps

Research exotic ornamentalsResearch exotic ornamentals

Prevention is the most effective practice of all!


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Annuals - Plants that perform their entire life cycle from seed toflower to seed within a single growing season. All roots, stems andleaves of the plant die annually. Only the dormant seed bridges thegap between one generation and the next.

Biennials - Plants which require two years to complete their lifecycle. First season growth results in a small rosette of leaves nearthe soil surface. During the second season's growth stemelongation, flowering and seed formation occur followed by theentire plant's death.

Perennials - Plants that persist for many growing seasons. Vegetative Reproduction - Vegetative reproduction is a form of

asexual reproduction in plants. It does not involve flowers,pollination and seed production. Instead, a new plant grows from avegetative part, usually a stem, of the parent plant.


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Mechanical Mowing, hand pulling, cutting, burning

Cultural Shading, plant appropriate competitive

vegetation

Biological Parasites, predators, and pathogens;

typically a slow processChemical Spraying, painting, usually most effective in

fall; FOLLOW THE LABEL


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WMSWCD recommends utilizing a licenced contractor. If utilizing over-the-counter products read and follow the

label carefully! Understand toxicity:

Grow SmartGrow Safehttp://www.oregonmetro.gov/index.cfm/go/by.web/id=24199/level=1

MSDS Safety Sheets http://www.cdms.net/LabelsMsds/

Understand the herbicide your using (& its surfactants) andthe best time to apply!

Watch the weather before you apply herbicide (wind &precipatation).


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Five leaflets

Deciduous to partially

evergreen

Spread by seeds,

rhizome,tips

Images: www.kingcounty.g


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Woody shrub to 10 ft tall

Showy, yellow flowers

Small leaves

Ridged bark

Seeds in pods that burst and

scatter

Image: www.kingcounty.gov

Image: Eric Coombs,ODA .


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Up to 15 ft tall, deciduous

Very Pretty pink, violet, or blue

flower spikes

Leaves velvety, lance-shaped,

gray-green

Image: Tom Forney,ODA

Image: OSU


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Deciduous shrub or small

tree to 15 ft tall with

smooth, pale gray bark

Leaves are 3-lobed, flowersare white and showy, dark

red berries

Stout thorns up to 1 inch!

Image:

KingCounty


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Tall tree to 80 ft with

smooth gray bark and

large compound leaves

Leaves are comprised

of 11-41 leaflets/leaf

Flowers are yellow-

pink borne in clusters,

developing into dry,

reddish-brown fruits.

Fruits are papery-

winged w/ a single seed

in center.

Allelopathic Paul Wray, Iowa StateUniversity

Chuck Bargeron,The University ofGeorgia

Leslie J. Mehrhoff, InvasivePlant Atlas of New England,University of Connecticut


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Biennial forb

Allelopathic

Most abundant in

Oregon in our area

Spread by people,

animals, equipment

Nate Woodward

Chris Evans, River to

River CWMA,Bugwood.org


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March of 1st yearthrough March of 2nd

year1 6 tall

Flowers mid-AprilFull height

Up to 4 ft tall

Late March toEarly April in

Second Year thePlant Bolts

Seed pods byMid-May

Dry stalks by July

Nate Woodward

Chris Evans, River to River CWMA, Bugwood.orgLeslie J. Mehrhoff,University of Connecticut,Bugwood.org


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Shiny, round, obtusely lobed leaves

that turn red toward the end of

summer.

Leaves have

waxy sheen

Tiny

pink-purpleflowers

Red stems

Flowers from spring until late July.


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Deeply dissectedleaves that turn

red in the fall

Emits odor whencrushed

Sticky feel


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Perennial forb

Several species

Spreads very quickly in

rivers, streams

Very, very hard to killSteve Dewey, Utah State University, Bugwood.org

Barbara Tokarska-Guzik, University of Silesia, Bugwood.orgMark Folsom, Bugwood.org


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Japanese

P. cuspidatum

King CountyClallam Co, WA


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1 to 4+ ft tall

Sword-like

leaves, spongy

midrib

Leaves in a fan-

like, overlappingarrangement.

3-sided, shiny

green fruit Blooms late

spring/earlySummer

Nancy Loewenstein,

Auburn University,Bugwood.org

Leslie J. Mehrhoff, University of Connecticut, Bugwood.or

Joseph M. DiTomaso, University of California - Davis,Bugwood.org


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Purple Loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria)

(Check out Oaks Bottom or Sauvie Island for real live specimens!)

Sauvie Island

Loosestrife family (Lythraceae)*Native to Eurasia

Stems

square 4 sided

Leaves lance shaped,stalkless and opposite or

whorledFlowers July Sept. 5-7

Petals

California Dept. ofFood & Agriculture

Ohio State Weed Lab ArchiveThe Ohio State University,Bugwood.org


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LOOK FOR: Dark green, shiny leaves Yellow flowers with eight

petals Pale colored blublets on

stem WHEN

March throughMay WHERE

It typically grows on moistforested floodplains, insome drier upland areas,and seems to prefer sandy

soils.USECAUTION

Caltha papalustris (marsh marigold) = colored sepalsRanunculus ficaria = sepals and petalsSo if it looks like it DOESN'T have sepals, it's Caltha.*Another lookalike (C. leptosepela) but has white-greenish flowers.

*And anotherDeer Cabbage (Fauria crista-galli) w/ leaf lobe bases that dont overlapand very different, white fused flowers (different family: Menyanthaceae)

Tom Forney, ODA


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Vigorous woody perrenial

Small white flowers in tightclusters

Spread by birds & stem

fragments Wear gloves sap may

cause dermatitis Is really, really, really evil!

Nate Woodard

Forest & Kim Starr, Starr Environmental, Bugwood.org


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Perennial, deciduous, woody vine

Usually five leaflets

Blankets vegetation

On the increase in our area

White, puffy seed tails

Jan Samanek, State Phytosanitary Administration,Bugwood.org

King county


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Herbaceous vine

Smothers plants, very tough on

young plantings

Very fast growing, even aftercut back

Ohio State Weed Lab Archive, The Ohio State University,Bugwood.org

Tom Heutte, USDA Forest Service, Bugwood.org

Brian Sugerman, The Ohio State University,Bugwood.org


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Herbacious, evergreenperennial.

Grows dense trailing mat.

Flowers small, yellow andhooded growing inclusters around the stem.

Leaves opposite, oval and

hairy w/ coarsely tootededges.

King County


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WHAT TOLOOK FOR Hairy leaves

Spikelets on short stalks

Chartreuse-colored squatty bunches

SIMILAR SPECIES Columbia brome (Bromus vulgaris) Blue wildrye (Elymus glaucus)

WHEN TOLOOK Throughout the year

WHERETOLOOK False brome grows primarily in coniferous

forest understory, but is also invading riparianforests, forest edges, and upland prairies.

OSU

BruceNewhouse


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Erect perrennial herb 4-10 feet tall

finely dissected,almost feathery

leaves strong anise scent flowers are yellow

and small (one-

quarter inchacross), and areclustered in large,rounded, umbrella-like groups

John M. Randall, The Nature Conservancy, Bugwood.org


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Smooth purplish stem

Leaves alternate, simple and entire

10-celledfleshy berryw/ crimson

juice

Up to 10 ft

Robert H. Mohlenbrock. USDA NRCS.

PokeweedPytolacca americana


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Photos Provided by: Michigan Department of Agriculture, Pesticide, Plant Pest

Management Div. & U. S. Dept. of Agriculture Animal & Plant Health InspctionService Plant Protection & Quarantine

WHAT TO LOOK FOR Massively tall plant (15-20 ft). Large umbrella shaped flowers. Hollow stalks with red-purple blotches thathave a single erect hair in the center. Large (2.5-3ft wide) deeply incised leaves Seeds almost inch!

WHEN TO LOOK Look for flowers in May through July.

WHERE TO LOOK Unmaintained urban areas, vacant lots,and areas near know establishments,roadsides, streams, rivers, and riparian

areas.


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Cow Parsnip (Heracleum lanatum)Soft & Fuzzy Hair

Angelica (Angelica atropurpurea)

Poison Hemlock (Conium maculatum)

Photos Provided by: Michigan Department of Agriculture,Pesticide, Plant Pest Management Div. & U. S. Dept. of

Agriculture Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service PlantProtection & Quarantine


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Leaves alternate and spirally

arranged and cluster at the shoottips.

Leaves dark green and shiny ontop and lighter on the underside.

yellow-green, bell-shaped flowersthat emit a honey-like fragrance.

Green unripe and black ripeberries.

WHEN

It is found year-round, bloomingMarch - May.

CAUTION! TOXIC

Daphne laureola (Thymelaeaceae Family) *Native to Europeand Mediterranian region


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Inventory the plants on yourproperty & determine goals

Do you have a weed

problem? Why?

What can youchange about the

way you manageyour property todecrease the weedpopulation?

ENGLISH IVYENGLISH IVY


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Determine appropriate controls,goals and a maintence plan (try totackle your property piece by piece

protect the best first!)

Monitor for invasive plants manyneed multiple years of treatment

Quickly plant/cover disturbed areasthat have been treated

Remember that land stewardshipis ongoing


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Put fresh noxious andperennial weed material inyour garbage

Dont add it to yourcompost bin or yard debriscart; especially seeds orroot material

Dont leave any root partsor seeds in wet areas; theywill sprout!


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Know the enemy & teach others about them Grow native & non-invasive wherever possible

Help others to do the same

Help the public with information on treatment

Monitor and report new invaders Check clothes, vehicles, pets when out & about


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Dont share unless you know its not invasive

Check seed mixes before you buy them

Stay away from generic wildflower mixtures Watch for hitchhikers in nursery stock

Use weed-free soil and mulch

Watch introductions for aggressive behavior

Dont dump your yard clippings in the wild!


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Deadhead faithfully

Use root barriers

Dispose of plant material properlybaggedin the garbage or burned (completely)

Please dont share your invader with others!

Contain it, control it, or cage it!


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Always wash new introductions (think snails)

Keep water garden separate from native waters

Never dump water garden materials or waterinto native waters

Research your plants for invasive potential

many commonly used aquatics are!


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Spring Trainings Coming Soon! Clackamas:

March 21, Oregon City OR

March 28, Canby OR Multnomah:

TentativelyMay 11th & 12th,Portland

Check CWMAWebsite foradditional opportunities:http://4countycwma.org/events/


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Weeds of theWestWestern USCooperative Extension ServicesTom Whitson, Editor; 2001

NorthwestWeedsRonald J. Taylor; 2003

Plants of the Pacific Northwest Coast

Jim Pojar and Andy Mackinnon; 1994

Flora of the Pacific NorthwestHitchcock & Cronquist; 1973

Handbook of Northwestern PlantsHelenGilkey and LaRea J. Dennis; 2001

Gardening with Native Plants of the Pacific NorthwestArthur Kruckeberg; 2003

Trees and Shrubs for Pacific Northwest GardensJohnGrant, et. al.; 2003

GardenSmart OregonPortland BES

Urbanizing Flora of Portland 1806-2008Christy et. Al. 2009


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A complete list of links, a copy of my PowerPoint slide show, Weed Watcher trainings and other resources:

y 4-County Cooperative Weed Management Area: http://4countycwma.org/

State Noxious Weed Lists and Descriptions:

y Oregon State Noxious Weed List: http://www.oregon.gov/ODA/PLANT/WEEDS/lists.shtml

y Washington State Noxious Weed List:http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weed_list/weed_list.htm

General invasive species information including control information, descriptions and photos:

y Oregon Invasive Species Council:http://www.oregon.gov/OISC/index.shtml

y Oregon Flora Project:http://www.oregonflora.org/

y Noxious Weeds, King County:

y http://www.kingcounty.gov/environment/animalsandplants/noxious-weeds.aspx

y The Nature Conservancy Stewardship Abstracts:http://www.imapinvasives.org/GIST/ESA/index.html

y Western Invasives Network: http://www.westerninvasivesnetwork.org/

y Pacific Northwest Invasive Plants Council:http://www.pnw-ipc.org/index.shtml

y Center for Invasive Plant Management:http://www.weedcenter.org/index.html

y Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook: http://pnwhandbooks.org/weed/

y National Invasive Species Clearinghouse: www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov

y USDA PLANTS Database: http://plants.usda.gov/java/\

y Invasive.org:http://www.invasive.org/

Reporting EDRR Weeds:

y Oregon Invasives Hotline:www.oregoninvasiveshotline.org

Published Guides to Pacific Northwest invaders and environmentally friendly alternatives:

y GardenSmartOregon: http://extension.oregonstate.edu/catalog/pdf/ec/ec1620.pdf

y

Plant it Right: http://www.plantright.org/y GardenWise Washington: http://www.nwcb.wa.gov/education/Western_Garden_Wise_Web.pdf


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Mary Logalbo, [email protected]

503-238-4775

GeneralCWMA Questions:

ElenaCronin, 4CountyCWMACoordinator

[email protected]

master gardeners invasives hybrid

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