PHYSIOTHERAPY

Dr RadheyShyam

Dhiman Dept of

Orthopaedics &Traumatology

GMC BHOPAL

•Physiotherapy is a branch of medical science where physical measures such as heat, light, ultrasound, water, electricity and exercises are used in the diagnosis and treatment of orthopaedic injuries.

PHYSIOTHERAPY

PHYSIOTHERAPYPassive Physiotherapy directed toward

the alleviation of symptoms

Active Physiotherapy directed toward restoration of function by activity

•Aims To treat disability and deformity. To correct disability and deformity

To prevent disability and deformity

CATEGORIESDepending on severity of the ailment

1. Short term physiotherapy

2. Long term physiotherapy

Short Term Physiotherapy

•Includes patients with minor neuromuscular-skeletal lesions like

-Simple soft tissue injuries

-Simple fractures

-Non traumatic lesions

Long term physiotherapy Refers to more complicated diseases of

musculoskeletal originIncludes condition like

Fractures of major bonesSpinal trauma resulting in physical disability

and complications like paraplegia, quadriplegia etc.

Surgical procedures involving major joints Chronic conditions like RA

Short And Long Term GoalsProtect the involved areaReduce pain and inflammation Reduce intra or extra capsular effusionIncrease range of joint movementIncrease musculotendinous flexibilityIncrease muscle strength power and

enduranceRestore normal biomechanical functionsIncrease balance and proprioception

Exercises

Active exercises

After Trauma After Surgery Immobilization in plaster

Exercises Isometric Exercises when the limb is in

plaster

Isotonic Exercises to improve muscle power

Orthopaedic Appliances

Wrist cricumductor

Wall bars

Shoulder abduction ladderShoulder pulley set

Orthopaedic Appliances

Wrist gripperDumbell

Skates roller

Orthopaedic Appliances

Quadriceps board

Hip circumductorHeel exerciser

Orthopaedic Appliances

Ankle exerciser Parallel walking bar

Training stairs

Proprioceptive TrainingUnstable shoulderCruciate deficiencies kneeFunctional unstable ankle

Manipulation And Mobilisation

MOBILISATION Low amplitude and pressure movement (spinal arthritis)

MANIPULATION Larger amplitude and more forceful movement

MassageIt is defined as the scientific manipulation of the

soft tissue which is performed by using the palmar aspect of the hand. It aims to increase the blood circulation and relief from pain.

Therapeutic effectsIncrease fluid exchange in tissue without

changing volume of fluid pressureReduced swellingDecreases toxins Increased flexibilityRemodeling of connective tissueDecrease spasm in muscles

Classification Stroking manipulation Pressure manipulation

Percussion manipulation

Shaking manipulation

ElectrotherapyFaradic current Flat Feet

To improve quadriceps power

Reeducation of muscle after tendon transfer

Galvanic current After nerve palsies to prevent fibrosis

Ultrasonic Therapy

Act by mechanical and thermal effects

Cervical spondylosisBackache Lossening of scar and adhesions

Heat Hot packsParaffin wax bathInfrared or radiant heat lampShort wave diathermyUV light

Short Wave diathermyPain reduction and swellingHealing of wound is accleratedReduction and modification of inflammation Acute traumatic haematoma and synovitis

treatment

SHORT WAVE DIATHERMY

Microwave DiathermyFrequency is between 300MHZ to 300GHZBlood circulation is increased Relief of pain Used in acute traumatic and rheumatic

condition

Interferential therapyUses medium frequency currentUsed in rheumatism ArthritisMuscle sprainNeuralgia Sports injury

Paraffin WaxUsed to relieve pain after traumaDegenerative trauma diseaseChronic stages of inflammatory arthropathy

PARAFFIN WAX BATH

Laser Therapy

Reduce inflammation Reduce oedemaIncrease RNA level Stimulate fibroblastIncreased vascularisation of wound

CryotherapyTo promote clotting and haemostasis

To reduce pain and odemaTo reduce spasticity

TENS Transcutaneous Electrical Neural

StimulationUsed for pain reliefChronic musculosekeltal painOsteoarthritis Can be used by patient themselvesCostly

Hydrotherapy Neck pain Spinal injuryArthritis Multiple sclerosisPost operative orthopedicsSports injury Rheumatology

THANKS