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TMipInteractive Petrophysics

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Interactive Petrophysics (IP) was developed by a Petrophysicist, with a view to work as petrophysicists want to work, but never thought possible! The software is different by design - portable, quick and versatile. It is an easy to use log analysis tool, ideal for both geoscientists and petrophysicists. Geoscientists may wish to quality check of their log data and experienced Petrophysicists can carry out multi-zone, multi-well petrophysical field analyses.

IP is truly unique in its approach to petrophysics. For the expert user IP offers some of the most sophisticated interpretation modules in the industry.

Themineralsolverenablesthemostcomplicatedmodelsto bebuilt.

TheMonteCarlosimulationallowstheusertotruly understand and quantify the errors associated with a completeinterpretationworkflow.

Thesaturationheightmodellingmodulesfacilitatethe creation of Sw functions using core capillary pressure data and/or log data.

Therockphysicsinterpretationworkflowhastwohighly sophisticatedfluidsubstitutionmodules.

Thesuiteofmodulesinthestatisticalpredictionpackage includes fuzzy logic, multi-linear regression, neural network, cluster analysis and principal component analysis.

What is IP?

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Interactive PetrophysicsTM has been developed over 12 years and is now used by over 300 companies, in more than 70 countries globally.

IPisPC-basedandthereforeportable.Itcanbetakenoffshore,intoclientsofficesandevenhome.IPenhancesefficiency,productivityandconfidenceinloganalysis.

Itoffersauniqueandadvancedgraphicalinterpretationprogramdesignedanddevelopedbypetrophysicists.IPsspeedandinteractivitymeansthatdatacanbezonedandappliedusingdifferent methodologies graphically. Using only the mouse, you can pick parameters from cross plots, histograms and log plots. IP instantaneously recomputes and displays the results when parameters are changed.

Thesoftwareisalsousedbyuniversitiesandisanexcellenttoolfortraininggeoscientistsandengineers.InteractivePetrophysicsgivesrapidresults.

Theprogram

IPissoldasabaselicence,plusthefollowingoptionalspecialistlicences. Mineralsolver Statisticalprediction MonteCarloanalysis Rockphysics Saturationheightmodelling Porepressureprediction EasternEuropeanresistivitymodelling RealTimeDataLoader FormationTesting Data/TimeWells ImageAnalysis

Why is IP so different?

User ProgramsTheUserProgramsmoduleallowstheusertocreatehis/heranalysisroutines.Theroutinescanbeverysimple, one line routines or more sophisticated, long routines which loop through the data multiple times.

TheroutinesarewrittenbytheuserineitherFORTRAN,PASCAL,C++,VB.NETorC#.NET.Oncecompiledtheprogramcaneasilybedistributedforotheruserstouse.

The user can simply and easily define: inputandoutputcurves inputparametersincludingtextandlogicflags inputparametertablelayout interactivelogplotdisplays interactivecrossplots

Frank Whitehead

InterectivePetrophysics

Architect

The User Program module is arranged on a set of easy to use input/output screens to allow for the setup of normal IP functionality with interactive plots and displays.

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The standard deterministic analysis is done using three modules: ClayVolume PorosityandWaterSaturation CutoffandSummation

TheClayVolumemoduleallowsmultipleclayindicatorstobecombined.

OncetheclayvolumeshavebeendeterminedthePorosityandWaterSaturationmoduleisrun.Thismoduleusesthesameintuitiveinteractivegraphics.

Porosities can be calculated using several different methods: Neutron/Density Neutron/Sonic Density Sonic Neutron

Water saturations are calculated using any standard method: Archie TotalArchie Simandoux ModifiedSimandoux Indonesian ModifiedIndonesian DualWater Juhasz Waxman-Smits

Hydrocarboncorrectionsaremadeusingiterativetechniques.

Asimple(optional)mineralanalysiscanbeperformedusingtheRhoMatrix/UMatrix/DTMatrixcrossplottechnique.

ClaytypedistributionsusingtheThomas-Stiebertechniquecanbemade.Thisallowslaminatedshaleysandstobeanalysed.

TheCut-offandSummationmoduleallowsmultiplecut-offtobeusedtocalculatenetpayandreservoir.

Acut-offsensitivitymoduleallowstheusertoasseshowachangeinacut-offaffectstheoverallzonalresults.

The heart of IP is its graphical interpretation engine. This allows the user to perform a fast and sophisticated multi-zone interpretation using only the mouse, adjusting parameters on log plots, crossplots and histograms.

Interactiveinterpretation

The user clicks on a parameter line and drags it to the new position. IP instantly recalculates the results and updates the graphics.

Interactive lines allow adjustment of most parameters including, Rw, Rmf, clay parameters, hydrocarbon density. Pickett plots can be used to set Rw amd m.

Interactive lines can be used to set cut-offs on the log plots as well as crossplots.

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The NMR modules are part of the base IPTM module and allow for the complete integration of NMR data into the petrophysical evaluation.

NMRinterpretation

NMRNormalisationconvertsNMRdistributionstouser-definedstandards.NMRdistributiondatadifferwidelydependingonthe tool, acquisition and processing parameters. ThismoduleallowstheusertocorrectlyplotNMRdistributions,ieona logarithmicscale,foruseintheinteractivelogplotsandforwell to well comparisons, regardless of the source of the data

The NMR Interpretation module allows the user to: applycut-offsforFreeFluidandClay-BoundFluid applyatapered(spectral)functionforBoundFluid calculatepermeabilityusingtheTimur/Coatesrelationship derivethepermeabilitycoefficientsfromexternal permeabilitydata calculateSwusingtheDualWaterequation(resistivity curverequired) derivePccurvesfromT2distributions,andhencegenerate aSwheightcurve

WatersaturationiscalculatedintheNMRInterpretationmoduleusingtheDualWaterequation.TheNMRdataprovidestheclayboundwatersaturationandtotalporosity,whichthemodelrequiresasinputs,whilealsoprovidinga

minimumSwtoconstraintheresults.Themodulealsohastheflexibilitytohandleolder,effectiveporosity,NMRlogsorgasaffectedNMRlogs,byintegratingwiththestandardinterpretation modules.

CapillarypressurecurvescanbegeneratedfromT1orT2distributiondata,buttheseneedtobecalibratedtoanactualcapillarypressuremeasurementmadeoncore.TheNMRInterpretationmoduleprovidesaninteractivetoolfordoingthiscalibrationanditgeneratescrossplotsofthecapillarypressurecurvesforQCpurposes.ThesePccurvescanthenbeusedtogenerateaSwheightcurvefromtheenteredFWLandfluiddensities.

NMR Normalisation allows all NMR distributions to be standardised

Timur/Coates permeability coefficients can be derived from regression with external permeability data when it is available

NMR Interpretation using the Dual Water volumetric solution utilising NMR and Resistivity data provides a more constrained result and reduces uncertainty

T1 or T2 data can be calibrated to core Pc data using a one point or two point methodology on either a T2 vs. Pore Radius plot, or, as in the example shown, on Cumulative Porosity vs. Sw plot.

The Pc curves derived form T1 or T2 distribution can be used to derive a Sw height curve.

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The IP database is simple to work with but also flexible. It can be a single well for a quick look interpretation or a multi-well and multi-field database. An IP database consists of a binary data file (.DAT) for each well, each consisting of log curve data, general well information and interpretation Parameter Sets.

IPdatabaseandutilities

TheDatabaseBrowserallowstheusertointerrogatean IPdatabaseinagraphicalTreeview.

CurveSetsareusedtogroupcurvedatatogetherinaflexibleway that allows the user to manage the data as they wish, suchasdifferentloggingruns,differenttypesofdata(e.g.irregulardatasuchcoredataorpressuredata),differentinterpretersormultipleoutputmodels.Eachsetcanhaveadifferenttopdepth,bottomdepthanddatastep.

High sample data from electrical and acoustic imaging tools arestoredinarraycurves.Thisdatacanthenbeusedforplotting and dip picking.

TextCurvesarecurvescontainingtextstringssuchasRFTpressure points, production test results, perforation depths or coredescriptions,andcanbecreatedbycutandpastefromspreadsheets.

PictureCurvesaregraphicsfiles,egcorephotographswithadefinedtopandbottomdepthallowingthepicturetobescaled to the log data. IP recognises most common image formats.

WellHeadersallowtheusertoenterandsavewellattributesand other important position, default petrophysical parametersandlogacquisitiondata.ThereisalsoacomprehensiveHistoryModulethatallowsuserstotrackchangesmadetocurvesandwellswithinIP.

The Database Browser allows the user to drill down into a well and view or edit individual curves, parameters, log plots, crossplots and histograms, well data, statistics and listings, etc.

Curve sets give the user the flexibility as the only requirement is that all the curves in a curve set should have the same step.

Picture curves can be displayed on log plots, for example, a sonic semblance plot can be loaded from a screen grab of a PDS file and a DT pick made with the interactive curve editor.

Electrical Image with basic dip picking

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IP has a full range of versatile Data Viewers including: logplotdisplaysincludinghorizontallogplots crossplotsincluding3Dcrossplots histogramsincludingstatisticalsummaries datalistings 3Dparameterviewer wellmap multi-wellcorrelations montagebuilder

IP data loaders support the following data formats: ASCII LAS/LBSbatchloaderformultiplefiles LAS3 LIS DLIS DBASE4

TheIntervalLoaderallowstheusertoloaddatasuchasafaciesinterpretation,whereacertainfaciesisrepresentedbyanumericalvalueassignedoveraparticulardepthinterval. TheIntervalLoadercanalsobeusedtoloadperiodicordiscrete data, such as core plug analysis results or formation tester pressure data, or any discrete spreadsheet data. TheCapillaryPressureDataLoaderisdesignedtoassisttheenteringofPCdataintoIP and can load multiple plugs from different wells at the same time.

TheRealTimeDataLinkmoduleusesOspreyConnectdatalinktechnologytoenableanIP user to connect to a remote dataserveranddownloadlogcurveanddrillingdatainreal-time.Thedatacanthenbeautomaticallyanalysedanddisplayed on all IP outputgraphics.Thisallowsareal-timePetrophysicalinterpretationtobeshown,whichupdates automaticallyasmoredataarrives.

IPprovidesconnectivitytoanumberofExternalData Repositories.TheseareforParadigmsGEOLOG6,LandmarkGraphicsCorporationsOpenWorks,PETCOMsPowerlog andSenergysODM3databases.

Once a connection to an external database has been established, the following tasks can be performed: createnewIPwellfromanexternaldatabasewell loadselectedcurvesintoIP loadwelltopsintoIP editandloadwellattributes

TheRead/WriteviaOpenSpirit functionality allows the user toloadandsavedatabetweenIPandotherOpenSpirit-enableddatabasessuchasOpenWorks,GeoFramev and Recall.TheIP-OpenSpiritlinkrequirestheOpenSpiritsystemtohavebeeninstalledontheuserscomputersystems.MoreinformationaboutOpenSpiritcanbefoundontheirwebsite www.openspirit.com

IP has several interactive Data Editors, several of which feature wizards to guide the user: InteractiveCurveEdit InteractiveBaselineShift InteractiveTrend/SquareCurves InteractiveDepthShiftwithAutoDepthMatchoption InteractiveCurveSplice InteractiveLithologyCurveeditor CurveFiltersandAverages CurveRescale FillDataGaps TemperatureGradientCalculator TVDCalculator

IPdatabaseandutilities

Depth shift setup wizard

Interactive depth shifting

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3DPetrophysics

Thisnewmoduletakesthestandardinterpretationmodules(ClayVolume,Porosity/Sw,BasicAnalysis,TDT&User Programs)andtransformsthemintomulti-wellmodules.

With this module you can:

Setupallyourinputandoutputcurvesperwell.

Createinterpretationzonesbyformationtopsand/or

distributezonesandparametersfromonewelltothe

others.

Setoptionsforinterpretationforeachwell.

Viewandmodifyparametersusingmulti-welltables

displayedbyparameter,wellorzone.

LaunchQClogplotsofinputcurves.

Launchsinglewellinteractivelogplotsforzoningand

adjusting of parameters on a single well.

Launchmulti-wellinteractivelogplotsforzoningand

adjusting of parameters on all wells.

Launchmulti-wellinteractivecrossplotsandhistogramsfor selectionadjustingofparametersforallwellsandbyzones.

Usetrendcurvesforparameterswithdepthandbyzone.

Launchmulti-well3Dplotsforallparameters,trendcurves, inputcurvesandresultcurves.

Runthemulti-wellCutoffandSummationmoduleusingthe interpretation results and formation tops.

Visualizingparametersandresultsusingthe3Dplotsallowstheusertoreviewtrendsandvariationsbywellorbyzone,withdepthandacrossthefield.Multiple3Dplotscanbe

displayed at once.

Ifaparameterorparametersdonotfittheusersunderstandingofhowtheyshouldchangethentheycanbeadjustedandthe3Dparameterplotsandinterpretationresults updated.

Thisprovidesaquickandeasymethodtodevelopaconsistentmulti-well interpretation for the user.

The 3D Petrophysics interpretation module comes as part of the IPTM Base platform and provides a new interactive module which allows you to consider and visualize, within your multi-well interpretation workflow, regional and depth variations/trends to input logs, parameters and results in 3D space.

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To handle large multi-well projects within IPTM a number of modules have been developed to make thetask easier.

Multi-wellParameterDistribution-copyParameterSetsfromonewelltootherwellsinthesameproject. Multi-wellChangeParameters-changeoneormoreinterpretationparameters andre-runtheanalysiswiththenewparameter(s). Multi-wellBatchOperation-runmultipleIPmodulesorscripts, ononeormorewells,inasinglebatchprocedure Multi-wellCorrelationViewer Multi-wellCutoffandSummation Multi-wellCurveStatistics ManageMulti-wellHeaderInfo ManageMulti-wellCurveSets ManageMulti-wellCurveHeaders-allowingsearch queries and data harmonization ManageMulti-wellZones/Tops CurveAliasing

Date/TimeWell(LWD/MWD)

Information is gathered throughout the drilling of a well. LWD and MWD surveys are made with reference to time. These measurements are normally recorded periodically, for example every 3 to 10 seconds and as such the data amounts can be sizeable and difficult to manage. Therefore, this time based drilling data is rarely reviewed and as such a lot of useful information is ignored or not recognised.

TheDate/TimemoduleallowsLWD/MWDdatatobeloadedintoIP,inrealtime,reviewed,analysed,andconvertedtodepthforcomparisonwithconventionallogs.

ThismoduleallowsengineerstodisplayandanalysedrillingdatawithinIP,whereitcanbeusedforthediagnosisofdrillingproblems,refinementofdrillingparametersandprocessesinordertooptimizewelldelivery.

Themoduleallowstheusertoconverttime/datereferenceddatatodepthreferenced,offeringthetoolstocontrolthisconversion. IfazonehasbeenpassedmorethanoncethisfunctionalityalsoallowstheTimeLapsereviewofLWD/MWDdatainordertoseehowthewellboreformationhaschangedovertime.WithLWDthisfunctionalityallowsforaTimeLapseanalysisofmudinvasion,potentiallygivingamuchbetterunderstandingoftheinvasionprocessandthereservoir.

Multi-wellprocessing

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The Mineral Solver module allows the user to analyse the simplest to most complicated formation using classical probabilistic analysis techniques. The user sets up a formation mineral model and a set of input logs - the program will then use this information to calculate the most likely solution. The solution is used to recalculate the input logs and these are compared to the original logs

MineralSolver

Duetothespeedofthetechniquesused,thesame interactivefeaturesthatareusedinthestandardanalysismodulesareavailable.

Key features:

Multiplemodelsallowtheanalysisofthemostcomplex reservoirs

Inputflexibilityallowsforanyloggingtooloutputtobe used in the model

Modelsboththeflushedandun-invadedzone

Modelcombinationforfinalresultscompletelyflexible

Interactivecrossplotsforselectionofparameterendpoints

Allendpointparameterscanbeeitherfixedvaluesoran inputcurve,whichallowstrendingofparametervalues

versusdepth

Theweightingofinputequationssimpletounderstand

and use

ConstantandLimitequation

Outputequationsforcalculationofparameterssuch asdryrockgraindensityorrockQvvalue

Modelallowsallstandardnon-linearSwequations

CalibrationmoduleallowscoreXRDdatatobeusedto calculatethebestendpointparametersneededtomatch the core results

Model creation grid simple to use and understand. Default end point values available for most tool equations and minerals.

Parameter mineral endpoint crossplot. Quick and easy to make with interactive mineral parameters which when moved recalculate the model automatically

Interactive Pickett plot where Rw amd m can be picked

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The Statistical Analysis module is a suite of modules that allows the building of models to predict log curves, core data, facies and rock types.

StatisticalAnalysis

The suite of statistical modules consists of: FuzzyLogicprediction Multi-linearregressionprediction Neuralnetworkprediction Clusteranalysis Principalcomponent

Allmodulesuseasimilarmulti-wellinterfacewhereasetofwellsandintervalscanbeusedtocreateamodelandthenthismodelcanbeappliedtoanothergrouporwellsand intervals.Discriminatorscanbeusedtolimitthedatauseinthe models.

TheFuzzylogicmoduledividesthedataupintouserselectedbinsandusesprobabilitytheorytopredictthelikelihoodofdatabeinginabin.Theresultsarenormallywellcontrolledandqualitycontrolprobabilitycurvesgivethelikelihoodthattheresultisinabin.Thisallowstheoutputofaprobabilitymap, so the user can easily quality control results in wells not usedinthemodelbuildstage.Themodulecanbeusedtopredictcorefaciesorcorepermeability.

TheMulti-linearregressionisusefulforpredictingcorepermeabilityfromlog data. It uses standard matrix algebratosolveforthefit coefficients.Normalisedcoefficientsare also output to allow the user to seethecontributionofeachlogtotheresult.TheNeuralNetwork moduleusesaback-propagationlearning technique to train the network.Themodulecanbeused for log repair, prediction of core permeabilityorinaclassificationmode for prediction of core facies.

In log repair mode the user selects a few small training inter-valsandthetrainednetworkcanthenreproducethewholelog extraordinarily well.

TheClusterAnalysismoduleisusedtogrouplogdataintoelectrofacies.TheprogramusesK-Meanclusteringtogroupthedataintomanageabledataclusters(15-20).Theseclustersaretheneithermanuallyorautomatically(hierarchicalcluster-ing)regroupedintoGeologicalclusters.

Plot shows a core facies prediction. The fuzziness of the prediction is shown in right track

Multi-curve crossplots shows cluster grouping

Electro facies shown in left hand tracks. Far left track is after re-grouping original 15 clusters to 5.

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The Monte Carlo Analysis module uses a Monte Carlo simulation to estimate errors in a Petrophysical analysis. The user sets up the analysis work flow and enters the distribution of possible errors in the individual interpretation parameters and input curves. The program randomises the input parameters based on user-selected ranges and then runs the work flow. Several thousand passes are made through the work flow with different starting parameters.

Theresultsarecumulatedonadepthbydepthlevelandalsobyzoneusingthecutoffandsummationmodule.

Crossplotsandhistogramscanbeusedforanalysisthedistributionoftheresults.

TheSummaryResultlistinggivesthezonalresultssortedbypercentiles.Upto5user-definedpercentilescanbeoutputinthe report.

Thereportallowstheusertoquantitativelyshowtheerrorsinvolvedintheinterpretation.RatherthanreportinganetpaythicknessandaverageporositytheusercangivetheP10,P50andP90netpayandaverageporosity.Thesevaluescanthenbeusedformoreaccuratelyestimatingtheerrorsinthereserves.

In order to access which parameters control the results of the analysisaTornadotypeanalysisoftheinputparameterscanquicklybemade.Thisvarieseachparameterseparatelyandthenplotsthechangeinresultsforthechangeinanindividualresultparameter.Theresultsarethenorderedtoformthetornado plot.

Thistypeofplotcanbeusedtofocustheinterpretersattentiononthosepartsoftheanalysiswhichhavethemostsignificantinfluenceonthefinalresultsandnotwastetheirtimeonrefiningthoseparameterswhichhavelittleinfluence.

MonteCarloAnalysis

Plot show the error in Porosity, Water Saturation and Clay volume at a depth by depth bases.

Plot show the error in Porosity, Water Saturation and Clay volume at a depth by depth bases.

Crossplot shows the Vcl cutoff has a

strong effect on the result of the Av Phi

Res parameter.

Plot shows that the biggest influence on the average pay porosity in zone one is the Vcl cutoff. Parameters like DTLN and Res Clay have no influence on the results.

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There are four interrelated modules: CapillaryPressureSetup CapillaryPressureFunctions SaturationversusHeightCurves LogSwversusHeightFunctions

The Capillary Pressure Set-up module is used to: set-upthestudywellsandinputPcandsaturationcurves to use convertPcdatafromdifferentmeasurementtechniques toacommon2phasesystem optionallystress-correctand/orapplyaClay-boundwater correction to the Pc data. visualiserawandcorrectedPcCurvedataand quality check the data. editbaddatapointsfromthePcdataset.

The Capillary Pressure Functions module allows the user to find a function or set of functions to represent the quality checked and corrected Pc data using two basic methods:

1.OneEquationforallPccurvesoption-Findasingle equationwhichfitsall(orasubset)ofthedatausingonesix basicfunctions,e.g.Leverett-JFunction.2.SeparateequationforeachPccurveoption-Fiteach individualPccurveandthencombinetheparametersintoa Combinedequationusingofthreebasicfunctiontypes, e.g.LambdaFunction.

Discriminatorscanbeappliedtoallowforfunctionstobegeneratedforspecificdata,e.g.foraparticularporosityrangeor litho-type.

TheSaturationVersusHeightCurvesmoduleisusedtoapplythederivedfunctionstomultiplewellsandzones

Changesinfluiddensitycanbefullyaccountedfor,e.g.asimple gas cap or a more complicated oil compositional gradient, as long as the contacts and densities are known.

TheLogSwversusHeightFunctions module is used to generate Water Saturation (Sw)versusHeightfunctions from interpreted log saturation and optional porosityandpermeabilitydata.Over30differentfunctionsareavailable.Discriminatorlogiccanbeusedtoselectthedata.Differentfunctionscanbedevelopedforeachunitin areservoir.

The Saturation Height Modelling modules enable the IP user to create Saturation versus height functions from either capillary pressure (Pc) data or from calculated water saturation curves, or a combination of both approaches.

SaturationHeightAnalysis

The resulting models can be visualised with a variety of QC crossplots

The module can also be used to calculate a best fit for the Free Water Level or IFT correction factor

To help speed up the process the Regression Function Comparator runs through all the models giving each a rating.

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The Rock Physics section in IP contains the following independent modules: ShearSonicQC/Create DensityEstimation FluidSubstitution LaminatedFluidSubstitution ElasticImpedance

TheShearSonicQC/CreatemoduleusestheempiricalGreenberg-Castagna(1992)relationshipsfordifferentmineralsto calculate a synthetic shear sonic from a compressional sonic log.

WhenthereisnodensitylogtheDensityEstimationmoduleis used to estimate it from the compressional sonic log using Gardner,BellottietalorLindseth.

TheFluidSubstitutionmoduleremovestheeffectofthedrillingfluidfromthesonicanddensitylogsandrestoresthelogresponsestothoseresultingfromtheoriginalreservoirfluidsattheiroriginalsaturations.

Fluiddensity,bulkmodulusandvelocitycaneitherbedirectlyenteredifknownorcalculatedfromBatzleandWang(1992)inSeismicPropertiesofPoreFluids.Similarly,themineralpropertiescanbeenteredorselectedfromamenuofminerals.

ThedataareinvertedusingGassmannsequationonazonalbasistoQCthefluidandmatrixpropertieswithrespecttotheinputvelocitiesandparameters.

Theelasticparametersfortwo-phasefluidmixturesarecalculatedusingasaturationcurveandthefluidmixingapproachofBrieetal(1995)ShearSonicinterpretationinGas-bearingSandsSPE30595(pp701-710).

Oncetheuserissatisfiedthattheinputparametersaresuitablefluidsubstitutionisperformedonthedataatthewellstepincrement.Alongwiththefluid-substituteddensityandsoniccurves,bothfluid-substitutedAcousticImpedanceandPoissonsRatiocurvesarecalculatedandvelocityandsonicslownesscurvesareoutput.

AswithmostmodulesinIP,uptosixdiscriminatorscanbeapplied to allow the user to constrain the model.

IntheLaminatedFluidSubstitutionmoduletheuserselectsoneoftwomodelsdependingontheshaledistribution.Iftheshaleisevenlydistributed(theshaleysandmodel)thebulkmodulusofthesolidfractionismodeledasaweightedaverageofthemoduliofallthecomponentsoftherock.Inlaminatedreservoirs,fluideffectsonlyoccurwithinthesandylaminations, and the appropriate moduli and porosity are those of the sandy laminations.

TheElasticImpedance(EI)moduleusesthehighangleinversionequationbyP.ConnollyinTheLeadingEdge(1999)andoutputsEIatuptothreeuserselectedangles.

The Fluid Substitution crossplot enables the user to visualise the relationship between the velocities, density, AI and Poissons Ratio results. The user can edit the Sw values in the first row of the grid in which case the other parameters will be recalculated.

RockPyshics

Greenberg-Castagna is also used to generate a Shear Velocity QC Crossplot to verify that a recorded shear sonic is a valid shear and not a mud wave or Stoneley wave produced by poor processing of the sonic waveform data

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The three modules are: DensityEstimation-density-from-sonicalgorithms includedareGardner,BellottietalandLindseth OverburdenGradientCalculation-determinedfrom densitydata,averagedensityvalues,look-uptables orempiricalAmocorelationship. PoreandFracturePressuregradientcalculations- FiveFractureGradientmodelsareimplemented inIP,Eaton,Matthews&Kelly,ModifiedEaton, BarkerandWood,andDaines

Aninteractivelogplotisusedtocalibratethemodel.

PorePressureCalculation

The model can be viewed with a Depth versus

Pressure Fan Diagram or a Depth versus Pressure

Gradient Gradient Plot (as shown). These plots can

be annotated with casing shoes, RFT pressures,

Leak Off Pressures and operational comments

to identify hole stability problems, while additional

curve data, such as ECD, can be added to

the display.

Pore Pressure Calculation comprises of three modules to model Overburden, Pore and Fracture Pressures based on conventional log curves, drilling information and seismic data. The modules can be used as pre-drill (predictive), while-drilling (real-time) and post-drilling tools to analyse and refine the models.

The Eastern European Resistivity Corrections Module is a specialist tool developed by the A.G.H University of Science and Technology, Krakw, and integrated into IP.

Whenacombinationoflateralandnormallogsareavailable,thelargelyautomatedfunctionalitycorrectsforthetoolconfiguration,boreholetemperatureandmudresistivitycharacteristics,producingcorrectedoutputcurvesforRt,Ri,RxoandDi.

Whenonlylateralresistivitycurvesareavailablethemoduleprovidesmoresophisticatedmodellingbasedonauser-createdcurvecontrollingthebedboundaries.Theuserworksinteractivelyontheplotanddecidesthedepthofthetopofthebedbasedonthetheoryoflateral logs and geological knowledge of the formation.

EasternEuropeanResistivityCorrections

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Predefinedformatsforallknowntoolsareprovided,electrical,acousticandLWD,tohandlethevarioustoolgeometriesandcurvemnemonics,whilenewtoolscanbeeasilyadded.

Pre-processingcanbeperformedforspeedcorrection,EMEXcorrections,padandbuttonnormalisation,andbadbuttonremoval.

StaticandDynamicnormalisationareavailable,alongwithseveralenhancementfilterssuchasHorizontalandVerticalSobelfilters.

A variety of Interpretation plots are available: Wellborecrosssection DipPolarplots Walkoutplotswithorwithoutlookangle/azimuth CumulativeandDifferencePlots DipScatterplots Stereonet SpreadsheetviewofthePickSet

Theusercansetthescales,fonts,colours,labels,hardcopyformat etc, and all of the plots are multi-well with the usual IPfunctionalityofdiscriminationbydepthinterval,zonesandcurves.Anyoftheseplotscanbemini-plotsinatrackonthelog plot.

Amultitudeofinteractivepicktypesareavailable,manyofwhicharefullyinteractivewiththewellborecross-section:

Planar surfaces can be picked in 3 ways: Simple-conventionalsinusoidalpick Point-bestfitsurfaceto3ormorepoints Trace-bestfitsurfacetoanirregularlinesegment,for partial fractures and joints etc.

Perpendicular Axis (seen on both sides of the wellbore) BoreholeBreakouttwoboxeswithapparentdip

Perpendicular Vector (seen on one side of the wellbore) BoreholeBreakoutoneboxperpendiculartotheborehole Holeellipsoid,forvugsandcoreholesetc Traceirregularpolygon,forvugs,clastsandfossilsetc Keyseats

Parallel Surfaces Fracturespairofindependentstraightlines

Thereisanauto-diproutinewhichalsohasasemi-automaticmodewheretheuserpicksasinglepointonapossiblesurfaceanditwillcalculatethebestfitsinusoid.

Zones/Beds can be defined by top and bottom bed boundaries, or just by top and bottom depths for example in fractured intervals. There are tools to define abutting, truncating and containing relationships between picks and zones/beds and these relationships are not just for display but are stored in the pick set allowing for highly detailed sedimentology and structural analysis workflows.

Stereonet Functionality UpperandlowerHemisphereprojection EqualAngle(Wulff),EqualArea(Schmidt)andEqualInterval (Kavraiskii) Plotpolesorgreatcircles Plotwellboretrajectory Fishermean Paleo-currentanalysis,dipde-rotation

Future Development: Thinbedpay Texturalfacies PorosityImageandporesizemapping FractureAnalysis MoreadvancedStereonetfunctionality

The IP Image Analysis Module is fully featured and covers the complete workflow from raw data processing, speed correction, image enhancements, through manual and automatic picking, to statistical analysis of the results including stereonet analysis.

ImageAnalysis

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TM

DatacanbeloadedfromLAS,LISorDLISviaadedicatedloaderthatenablemultiplefilestobeloadedquicklyandefficientlyasarraycurvesintotheIPdatabase.Pressure-timedatasetscanbeloadedalongsidedepth-pressuredatasetsallowingoldwellswithouttimedatatobecombinedwithnewwells,whichincluderawfielddata.

Thepressurevstimeplotallowsmultiplepre-testdrawdownstobeanalysedwithathoroughQCalltests,e.g.tight tests, supercharged formations, leaking and lost seals etc.Drawdownandmultipledrawdownanalysiscanbeperformedtodeterminemobilityandhencepermeability.Derivativeplotsareavailabletohelpidentifytheflowregimeandbothsphericalandradialbuildupanalysiscanbeperformedtoallowmobility,permeabilityandfinalpressurestobedetermined.PressurevsdepthcrossplotsofthefinalformationpressureagainstTVDSScanbelauncheddirectlyfromtheprojectmodule.Eachfinalpressurecanthenbeincludeorexcludefromthepressurevsdepthcrossplotallowing a more accurate understanding of contacts and pressureconnectivity.

The Formation Testing module enables the user to create a multi-well project in order to view, QC, and interpret formation pressure/time test data for all tools including LWD.

FormationTesting

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Software supportSenergys web portal provides first class support by a team dedicated to IPTM.

http;//ipsupport.senergyworld.comE: ipsupport@senergyworld.com

SalesSenergy Software has regional hubs in Europe, Americas, Middle East, Far East and Australia.

To contact one of our sales teams for any of these regions please E: softwaresales@senergyworld.com

TrainingSenergy Software delivers in-house, bespoke training courses for our software products. Our courses can be delivered as they are or on the basis of a customised delivery.

E: training@senergyworld.com www.senergyworld.com/training

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