Periodic Table Parts

The Periodic Table

1866 John Newlands (England) When elements are arranged by weight, they repeat certain properties in groups of eight. He called them “octaves” like the keys on a piano. He was mocked and dropped out of sight.

1869 Dimitri Mendelev (Russia) suggested the same thing (without the musical analogy), and was considered brilliant! Thus the periodic table was born. Inspired by the card game of solitaire.

Periodic Table

Periodicity - recurrence at regular intervals.

Dmitri Mendeleev 1834-1907

Periodic TableDmitri Medeleev 1834-1907

It helped predict properties of the missing elements

It showed there were missing elements

There’s a repeating pattern of properties when the elements are put in order of atomic mass

Periodic Trends

Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements

Atomic RadiiElectronegativityIonization EnergyDensity

Periodic Trends

Trends within the Periodic Table of Elements

Atomic Radii – Size of the atom (e- cloud)Electronegativity – Strength of attracting e-

(similar to electron affinity)Ionization Energy – Energy required to remove e-

Density – How much mass per volume

Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)

Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)

Atomic radii in picometers (10-12 m)

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

140

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

220210200190180170160150140130120110100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

atomic number

37 50140 90 80 77 71 66 64 70157 136 143 118109 103 91 94196 174

Atomic Radii - Basic Trend:

Larger

Electronegativity – The ability of an atom to attract electrons.

Electronegativity - Basic Trend:

Larger

Electron Affinity – is similar to electronegativity

Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove an electron.

First Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the first electron from a neutral atom.

Second Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the second electron from an atom after its first electron is removed.

Third Ionization Energy – The energy required to remove the third electron from an atom . . .

Relative Trend in FIRST Ionization Energies

Ionization Energy - Basic Trend:

Larger

Successive Ionization Energies

It ALWAYS gets harder to remove the next electron!

There is a tremendous jump in difficulty when the electronic structure is a Noble Gas core!

Density TrendDensity =

Mass

Volume

Fun Density Facts:

One cm3 of water has a mass of… - 1.0 grams

One cm3 of gold has a mass of… - 19.3 grams

One cm3 of lead has a mass of… - 11.3 grams

1 cm3 = about the volume of

Density vs Atomic Number

Density - Basic Trend:

Increase

Atomic Radii – Increases down and left.

Electronegativity – Increases up and right (H=C)

Ionization Energy (First) – Increases up and right.

Density – Increases down and to the middle.

Review of Trends