penulisan ilmiah untuk publikasi...

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Penulisan Ilmiah untuk PublikasiInternasional

Rayenda Khresna Brahmana, Ph.DDirector

Centre for Business, Economics, and Finance ForecastingUniversiti Malaysia Sarawak

Associate Managing EditorInternational Journal of Business and Society

25 October 2017

Jenis Manuskrip

• the most important papers; often substantialcompleted pieces of research that are ofsignificance.

Full articles / Originalarticles

• usually published for the quick and earlycommunication of significant and originaladvances; much shorter than full articles(usually strictly limited).

2. Letters / RapidCommunications /Short Communications

• Summarize recent developments on a specifictopic; highlight important points that havebeen previously reported and introduce no newinformation; often submitted on invitation.

3. Review papers /Perspectives

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Garis besar isi Manuskrip

• Why do we care about the problem andthe results?1. Motivation

• What problem is the paper trying to solveand what is the scope of the work?2. Problem statement

• What was done to solve the problem?3. Approach

• What is the answer to the problem?4. Results

• What implications does the answerimply?5. Conclusions

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Skema Manuskrip - Hourglass Model

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Skema Manuskrip - King Model

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1. Title

2. Author(s)

3. Abstract

4. Keywords

5. Main Text

– Introduction

– Research Methods

– Results & discussion

– Conclusion & Policy Implications

6. Acknowledgement

7. References

8. Supplementary materials6

Skema Manuskrip

Bagian penting! Buat semudahmungkin untuk dicari olehorang lain.

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Skema Manuskrip - Title, Author

Title

Momen untuk menarik Perhatian Pembaca

Informatif dan Padat.

Hindari kata-kata teknikal

Author (s)

Nama Keluarga/Marga, Nama Depan

Afiliasi

email, Alamat, Tel, Fax…

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Skema Manuskrip - Abstract

Advertisement of your article. Make it interesting, and easy to be understoodwithout reading the whole article. You must be accurate and specific!

A clear abstract will strongly influence whether or not your work is furtherconsidered. Keep it as brief as possible!!!

An informative abstract extracts everything relevant from the paper, such asprimary research objectives addressed, methods employed in solving theproblems, results obtained, and conclusions drawn. Such abstracts may serveas a highly aggregated substitute for the full paper.

An indicative or descriptive abstract rather describes the content of thepaper and may thus serve as an outline of what is presented in the paper. Thiskind of abstract cannot serve as a substitute for the full text.

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Contoh Abstrak

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Contoh Abstrak

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Contoh Abstrak

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Contoh Abstrak

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Skema Manuskrip - Keywords

Berperan untuk indeksasi dan sitasi

Jangan terlalu sempit, Jangan Terlalu Luas

Hindari penggunaan singkatan

Biasanya 4-6 keywords

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Skema Manuskrip-Introduction

Leading the reader from a general subject area to a particularfield of research.

Allow the reader to understand the rest of the paper withoutreferring to previous publications on the topic.

To convince readers that you clearly know why your work isuseful.

Do not mix introduction with results, discussion, andconclusion

What is the problem? Are there any existing solutions? Whatare their main limitations? And what do you hope to achieve?

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Skema Manuskrip-Introduction

Establish a territory:

• bring out the importance of the subject and/or• make general statements about the subject and/or• present an overview on current research on the subject.

Establish a niche:

• oppose an existing assumption, or• reveal a research gap, or• formulate a research question or problem

Occupy the niche:

• sketch the intent of the own work and/or• outline important characteristics of the own work;• outline important results;• give a brief outlook on the structure of the paper

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Skema Manuskrip- contoh Introduction

general subject area Understanding the current issue

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Manuscript Outline – contoh IntroductionEstablish/ occupy a nicheIndentifying research gap

Skema Manuskrip - Research Approach, Methodology, Materials…

This part focuses on the theoretical framework, hypotheses,estimation procedures, and how was the research questionaddressed (materials, methods).

It should describe what, exactly, you did in the study. Includedetailed information, so that a knowledgeable reader canreproduce the experiment.

Equations and statistic tests must be clearly typed.

Use references and Supplementary Materials to indicate thepreviously published procedures. Data used, collection proceduresand sources should be clearly stated.

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Empirical papers:the paper body describes the material and data used for thestudy, the methodologies applied to answer the researchquestions, and the results obtained. The study is described in away that makes it possible for peers to repeat or to reproduce it.

Case study papers:describe the application of existing methods, theory or tools.Crucial is the value of the reflections abstracted from theexperience and their relevance to other designers or toresearchers working on related methods, theories or tools.

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Methodology papers:describe a novel method which may be intended for use in research orpractical settings (or both), but the paper should be clear about theintended audience.

Theory papers:describe principles, concepts or models on which work in the field(empirical, experience, methodology) is based; authors of theoreticalpapers are expected to position their ideas within a broad context ofrelated frameworks and theories.

• Important criteria are the originality or soundness of the analysisprovided as well as the relevance of the theoretical content to practiceand/or research in the field.


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What have you found? Be structured and tell a clear and easy-to-understand story.

Show some ‘presentable’ figures & do not include long boringtables!

Only representative results – but do not hide results & don’texaggerate the facts!

Speculations on possible interpretations are allowed. But theseshould be rooted in fact, rather than imagination.

Comparison of results with previously published studies. Checklogic and justifications.

Skema Manuskrip - Results & Discussion

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Table 2: Normalized Long-run Estimates and Restriction Test

lnTBt = 0.5695lnYt - 0.4720lnPPt + 3.0446lnQt - 0 .1416lnYt* + 1.1472lnPPt* - 0.3078D97t (0.3837) (0.4131) (0.8150)

c (1.3174)

(0.9775) (0.1758)

a

95% Bootstrapped CV for LR: 22.9725 LR test: 22.5245 [0.001]

90% Bootstrapped CV for LR: 19.5385

Note: a, b, c

denote significant at the 10%, 5%, and 1% levels, respectively. Asymptotic standard errors are

reported in parentheses ( ) and p-value of LR statistics is reported in [ ].

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Statistics

Q48CL1 Q48CL2 Q48CL3 Q48CL4 Q48CL5 Q48CL6 Q48CL7 Q48CL8 Q48CL9 Q48CL10

N Valid 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 4

Missing 16 16 16 16 16 16 16 15 16 16

Mean 3.00 3.25 3.00 3.25 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.40 3.75 3.25

Std. Deviation .000 .500 .000 1.258 .816 1.258 1.291 .894 1.258 1.500

Q48CL2

Frequency Percent Valid Percent

Cumulative

Percent

Valid SOME 3 15.0 75.0 75.0

Extent 1 5.0 25.0 100.0

Total 4 20.0 100.0

Missing System 16 80.0

Total 20 100.0

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Table 2: Factors of Competition in Local Market (Q21)

Item N

Frequency (%)

Descriptive

None Not

Much Some Significant

Very

significant Mean Std Dev

Product/service 17 0.0 0.0 29.4 35.3 35.3 4.06 0.83

Geographic 16 0.0 25.0 25.0 31.3 18.8 3.44 1.09

Substitution 15 0.0 20.0 46.7 33.3 0.0 3.13 0.74

Entry/exit 16 0.0 12.5 50.0 31.3 6.3 3.31 0.79

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Figure 4: China's Real GDP Growth and Inflation Rate (%)

-5.0%

0.0%

5.0%

10.0%

15.0%

20.0%

25.0%

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

rate of growth of real GDP Inflation

Source: IMF International Financial Statistics, 2002.

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In what follows, customers bargaining power and rivalry among existing competitors have

been selected as major competition forces in the trucking sector (see Figure 3). Threat of

substitute products/ services is somehow perceived as least affecting the competitiveness. At

the same time, Figure 4 shows that fuel prices continue to be chosen as major factor that

affect the profitability, followed by number of trips made and capacity utilization (% loads).

Figure 3: Competition Forces in Trucking Sector (Q25)

3.20

3.40

3.60

3.80

4.00

4.20

4.40existing competitors

new competitors

new entrants threat

suppliers BP

customers BP

substitute

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How the work advances the field from the present state ofknowledge.

Conclusions or hypotheses drawn from the results, with summaryof evidence for each conclusion.

Policy Implications to national policy makers and/ or industrydecision makers

Proposed follow-up research questions.

Skema Manuskrip- Conclusion & Policy Implications

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summary of evidence Policy Implications

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Limitations & follow-up research questions

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Skema Manuskrip - References

Typically, there are more mistakes in the references than anyother part of the manuscript.

It is one of the most annoying problems, and causes greatheadaches among editors…

Cite the main scientific publications on which your work is based

Do not inflate the manuscript with too many references (30-40).

Avoid excessive self-citations

Check the ‘Author Guide’ for referencing system.

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Skema Manuskrip - References

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Skema Manuskrip - Acknowledgement

Acknowledgments should be made only for significantcontributions by professional associates, permission to publishby employer, access to land or equipment, financial support,and reviews. A brief closing statement will usually suffice.

Manuscript Checklist

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So, how to write a good manuscript?

So, how to write a good manuscript?

Preparations before starting

Construction of an article

Some technical details that need special attention

Language

Follows the instructions for authors

Revision and response to reviewers

Ethical issues

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Referee Comments!!!

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Referee Comments!!!

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Referee Comments!!!

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Referee Comments!!!

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Reviewer: 1

Recommendation: Major Revision

Comments:The main purpose of this paper is to determine whether China's export expansion has hurt Malaysian exports to its trading partners. The finding is mixed. Here are my comments that need to be addressed:

1. Why consider only Malaysia’s exports? If China exports more to a trading partner of Malaysia, say, for example to Indonesia, then Indonesia not only may import less from Malaysia, but also it could change its exports to Malaysia (which is Malaysian imports). Clearly, this will depend on labor and capital intensity of exports and imports but it is a possibility. Therefore, the same analysis should apply to Malaysian imports from the same partners..2. If we add incorporate imports into equation (1), then we arrive at Malaysia’s trade balance with each partner and how it responds to the exchange rate. Although one study has done this, authors have not recognized it. See

Bahmani-Oskooee, M. and H. Harvey, “The J-Curve: Malaysia versus her Major Trading Partners”, Applied Economics, 42 (2010), pp. 1067-1076.

Referee Comments!!!

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Referee Comments!!!

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The study examined the ……….. After reading the study, I questioned myself the justifications of exploring the bilateral trade and macroeconomic relationship between Malaysia-China - we can't compare "between Ant and Elephant!". Most of the time, the authors used the methodology issues to justify the contribution(s) of the study such as unavailability of high frequency data and small sample, supports the use of VARX and VECMX. Their statistically significant results are meaningless without robust economics fundamental to back it up. The study noted the [second] issue on the time period that both countries experienced various exchange rate regimes in the past four decades - BUT the sample period covers January 1997-March 2010 that rejected the issue.

The study did not appear in a readable format - unfavorable writing style. The section 2.1 the trade balance-output-exchange rate model is frigate. The equations are well-known and the derivations are not well proofed to demonstrate the inter-linkages among the candidate variables. Equation (8), for example, captures the influence of a set of trade balance (TB) determinations - Y, Y* and Q rather than of a "matrix" linking the candidate variables. Section 2.2 VARX and VECMX is too "common" and "boring" as the readers can refer to the relevant literature.

In short, the study is required to re-think the potential issues that hypothesize the dynamic relationship between the above-named candidate variables in Malaysia-China framework. Applying econometrics tests on a set of macroeconomics variables with a set of available data [without justifying the reality], do not add any contributions to the literature.

Conclusion

Before submitting and article make sure it is as good asyou can make it. Because:

…it makes YOUR life easier

• Your chances of acceptance will be increased.

…but also the life of the Editors and Reviewers

• Editors and Reviewers are already overloaded.Incomplete manuscripts create great frustration

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Conclusion

Writing a well-crafted manuscript will boost yourchances for acceptance, but even very valuablemanuscripts may be rejected.

Too many manuscripts for available space, and therejection rate for Tier 1 journal could be 70%-90%.

If rejected, don't despair, but do use the feedback torevise your manuscript to enhance its novelty, clinicalimportance, and scientific value.

Read and learn from others for improvements.

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THE END

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