part one a multidimensional model of the dreaming state of consciousness; christian j hallman

7/30/2019 Part One a Multidimensional Model of the Dreaming State of Consciousness; Christian j Hallman

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Theory

PART ONE:A MULTIDIMENSIONAL MODELOF THE DREAMING STATE OFCONSCIOUSNESSChristian JHallman, Ph.D.ABSTRACTDreaming has been well studied by psychologists, anthropologists and neurophysiologists. Yet fewmodels to date have really attempted to explain the spatial domain, temporal zone and energeticsubstances of the dream state. Space, time and energy are all important concepts studied in physics.This paper presents a useful model by implementing some pertinent ideas from theoretical physics andmathematics to explain how the waking and dreaming states can be directly experienced throughmultiple dimensions of both space and time. Furthermore, these dimensions are accessed almost effort-lessly simply by shifting into other states of consciousness that closely resemble waking and dreaming.Such states include hypnagogic, hypnopompic, reverie and day-dreaming. Although the realm of eachof these discrete states has a distinct uniqueness, experiencing perceptual imagery is what all of thesestates share in common. In this multidimensional model, sensation and imagination represent twovital abilities of perception.

KEYWORDS: Perception, Imagination, Imaginary Generarors, Dimension, Spatial Domain, TempotalZone, Anti-matter

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INTRODUCTION

D eams often seem bizarre andi'Ilogical.1,2 Yet they have inspiredpoets, musicians, painters, innovators andinventors. Most people have beenconditioned at an early age to forget theirdreams shortly after waking up. Whenyoung children wake up after dreams duringthe night and tell their parents, they aretypically told to go back to bed-it is only adream. As parents continue to invalidatedreams, children learn to forget or not talkabout these experiences. However somepeople report memorable dream experiencesthey are unable to forget or dismiss easily.Telepathic and precognitive dreams, fo rexample may have a more lasting impression.The dreamtime tradition of Australiancultures explains the creation of the worldas a dream of the Great Spirit.3 To theancient Chinese, dreams provided anopportunity to visit with the dead. 4 InBiblical times, dreams were believed to begifts from God. 5 People who couldinterpret dreams were treated with a greatdeal of respect. 6 Some modern dayresearchers like Myers view dreams asnothing more than hallucinations of thesleeping mind. 7

Previous articles have offered dream theoriesbased on different perspectives, yet none ofthese have offered a model that maps outthe spatial domain and temporal zone inwhich we experience dreams. 8- 11 A multidimensional model has been constructed tofill this void. It provides a guide fo rmeasuring the dream state and also presents

possibilities fo r explaining the physicalnature of dreams through integration of keytheories in physics. First, an overview ofperception is presented.

ABILITIES OF PERCEPTIONIn the waking state of consciousness (SoC) ,perceptions are primarily shaped bysensations. There are five main categoriesof sensations that conventional sciencerecognIzes:

1) Photoreception (vision) 2) Phonoreception (audition) 3) Proprioception (kinesthetic) & Equilibrioception (vestibular) 4) Thermorecept ion, Tactition & Nociception 5) Chemoreception (pheromoception, olfaction, gustation)

Each sensation provides a range of information in the waking state. As we shif t froma waking to a dreaming state, imaginationreplaces sensation as the dominant abilityfor shaping our perceptions. Unlikesensation, which depends on thefunctioning of different physiological organreceptors, imagination functions through agenerative process, not a receptive one. Weknow th e human brain is able to bothreceive and generate multiple kinds ofimages so whatever we can sense in waking,we can imagine in dreaming. Studies haveshown that the same regions of the brainbecome activated whether the informationis sensed or imagined. 12 One may wonderif the brain can really distinguish betweenwhat it senses from what it imagines.



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In this paper I am introducing some newequivalent terms shown below to balancethe distinction between sensation andimagination:

Sensation1) Photoreception2) Phonoreception3) Tactition & Thermoreception4) Chemoreception

Imagination1) Photogene ration2) Phonogeneration3) Tactition & Thermogeneraton4) Chemogeneration

Photoreception helps us sense objects visuallyduring waking, and photogelleration helps usimagine visual objects while dreaming.Although both provide visual perception,one functions by use of sensory receptorsand the other through imaginary generators.Kastner et al. found that imaginingsomething visually activates the visual cortexof the brain.13 However, losing thefunction of one does not necessarily lead tothe loss of the other. Thus people who havelost their sensory ability for sight in awaking SoC can still generate visual imagesduring dreams. Phonoreception andphonogeneration both provide audio perceptions, but one is sensory and the other isimaginary. Thermogeneration describesperceptions of temperature in dreams.Chemogeneration can be used to describeperceptions of smell and taste in dreams.Of all these equivalent terms, tactitionseems universal enough to describe the

sensory and imaginary perceptions of touchin either state. Comparing models of spaceand time can gain a deeper understandingof the connection between the waking anddreaming states.CONVENTIONAL MODEL OFSPACE AND TIMEDimension is a term used in geometry tomeasure the physical parameters of anobject in space and time. The commonlyheld notion is that our physical world hasthree dimensions of space (e.g. latitude,altitude and longitude). The Cartesiancoordinates can represent these threedimensions on an axis: x, y and z.Euclideau Geometry is the branch ofmathematics that uses three or fewerdimensions of space. Einstein proposedthat time could be added as anotherdimension. 14 This standard 4D space-timemodel (figure 1) is still widely used todayto measure different physical phenomena inthe world of waking consciousness. A cuberepresents the three dimensions of space,

Figure 1. COllventional 4D Spacetime Model-three dimensions ofsptlCe plus one dimension oftime

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and the circle flowing clockwise representsthe one dimension of time. We canmeasure the size of any physical object inthe world of waking consciousness usingthese three dimensions of space, and we canmeasure its age using the dimension of time.Every corner of the cube is formed by anintersection of 3 perpendicular planesrepresenting the 3 dimensions of space.Using a clock, we are able to record theseconds, minutes and hours of time.These dimensions do not represent reality,as we know it. While looking at the model,one would think that space is flat and onlyfollows straight lines. Time appears to becircular. Actually space can be curved, andtime can be linear. This model does notcompletely represent our reality, but it doesdemonstrate how dimensions are used as away to measure objects. As good as thismodel seems, it fails to provide a helpfulmeans for directly measuring objects experi-enced in other conscious states such asdreaming, reverie, and day-dreaming.Newer space-time models expand thenumber of spatial dimensions.SPATIAL DOMAINSHyperspace refers to any space with morethan three dimensions. Bogzaran hadpreviously introduced the concept ofhyperspace lucidity and its relation to lucidart. 1') Reimannian GeometlY is a branch ofmathematics that uses four or moredimensions of space. Some of the morerecent theories in physics (e.g. strings andmembranes) use models that contain asmany as 10, 11 and even 26 dimensions. 16A hypercube can be used to depict 4 or

Figure 2 Radical 4D Til1U'Spau'Model- threeadditional dimensiom 0/ time plus t1llOtherdimension o/spacemore dimensions. Figure 2 shows anexample of a hypercube. An additionalinner cube now appears connected at allcorners. Notice at each intersection thereare now four di mensions of space ascompared to just three in figure 1. Theouter cube in this model still represents thedomain of the waking SoC, but now we cansee an inner cube, which represents thedomain of dreaming. This fourthdimension of space is what connects the twodomains. During waking consciousness, weseem quite focused on the outer cube withsensation, but if we close our eyes, we cantune in to this inverse cube throughimagination. As we go to sleep, wenaturally drift through this fourth spatialdimension and eventually we become moreattuned to the inner domain of dreamswhere everything seems to be threedimensional, as in our waking domain. Toreturn, we must again access the fourthdimension, which aJJows us to mentallyshift our attention into the outer domain of

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waking consciousness. Throughout ourlives we repeatedly move between these twodomains via the fourth dimension.TEMPORAL ZoNESIn addition to another spatial dimension,this multidimensional model also proposesthree additional temporal dimensions asindicated by the three dynamic loops infigure 2, which can help explain the nonlinear events that often occur in dreams.Unlike our experience of only one temporaldimension (see figure 1) in the outer wakingzone, we seem to experience 3 dimensionsof time in the inner zone of dreams and areable to move more easily between past,present and future. For a one-dimensionaldomain (e.g. a line), movement is restrictedor limited by the slowest moving objectsince there is no way to pass by. In a twodimensional domain (e.g. a plane), thesecond spatial dimension (left to right) givesone an option to easily go around a slowermoving object. Likewise adding a thirddimension (up and down) and appropriatetechnology, one could potentially reach adestination within seconds. If it's true thattime in the outer waking zone is only onedimensional, flowing in one direction at aconstant rate arbitrarily designated inseconds, minutes, hours, etc., all perceptions are limited to this fixed pace. Withoutanother dimension of time, there is no wayto skip ahead to experience possible futureevents. But we can and do experience timeshifts in the dream zone. There is anenormous amount of evidence supportingprecognitive experiences of events duringdreams, which is the most commonlyreported of all psychic experiences. 17

Experiences of past events in retrocognitivedreams are also frequently reported. IS Thismodel proposes that we can swiftly accessany event of the future or past because threetemporal dimensions are available to us.Shifting ahead in time allows us to experience events within minutes or seconds thatwould normally take hours, days or evenyears to develop in the outer waking zone.A map of dream experiences can thus bedescribed by use of a 4D rime-space model(three dimensions of t ime, plus onedimension of space). Two of the temporaldimensions flow counterclockwise and oneflows clockwise in the dream zone. Allthree intersect making it possible to movefreely between any past or future event.Dream experiences have provided humanityglimpses or sneak previews of upcomingevents and influenced artistic expression.Typical movie story lines simulate the flowof dreams. In a two-hour movie many yearsmay elapse as the events shift between thefuture and past many times.PHYSICS AND THE DREAMING REALMRecent proposals by Hawking (e.g.imaginary time) and Abraham (e.g. slopetime) both include an additional dimensionof time. I9 ,20 Three dimensional models ofti me have also been presented as wel1.Saniga's Algebraic Geometric Configurationincludes a quadro-cubic space-time (threedimensions of space and one dimension oftime) and a quadro-quartic reversal (threedimensions of time and one dimension ofspace).21 Larson's Reci procal SystemTheory consists of three dimensions ofspace and three dimensions of time. 22 To

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Larson, the physical part of the universe isdivided equally into a material sector,having 3 spatial dimensions and onetemporal dimension; and a cosmic sector,with three temporal dimensions and onespatial dimension. For him, this inverseconnection of space and time helps explainthe relationship between two distinctenergetic substances: matter and anti-matter.In his theory, matter predominates in thematerial sector while anti-matter is mostprevalent in the cosmic sector.The dichotomy of these two energeticsubstances (matter and anti-matter) hasbeen posited in physics since the earlytwentieth century. In 1928 Paul Diractheorized that the charge carrying particles(electrons) in an electric field have twinparticles that carry an opposite charge.Di rae attempted to com bi ne specialrelativity with quantum theory to explainthe behavior of electrons. His equationx2 4, which can have two possiblesolutions (x 2 or x -2), provided onefor electrons that have positive energy andone for electrons with negative energy. CarlAnderson later discovered positrons, a.k.a.anti-electrons, in cosmic rays in 1932.2 .1These positrons may appear to be flowingopposite to electrons, or backwards intime. 24 Today, researchers benefit from theuse of positrons by utilizing a technologyknown as positron emission tomography(PET). Since anti-matter seems moredifficult to observe by comparison to matterwhile experiencing waking consciousness, itseffects are much more subtle in nature.Many other anti-particles have been discovered since the positron, including the anti

proton and anti-neutron. One of the moreinteresting features in Larson's theoryconcerns the notion of unit speed, which isthe speed of light (c) in a vacuum (approximately 299,792,458 meters per second orabout ] 86,282 miles per second). In histheory, it is possible to achieve greater thanunit speed via motion in time. His theoryalso claims that highly energetic antiparticles from the cosmic sector can spontaneously cross over into the material sectorin the form of cosmic rays. When energeticparticles travel at velocities greater than lightparticles do in a particular medium, theyproduce a shockwave or glow of light calledCerenkov radiation, named after PavelCerenkov who first observed this effect in1934.25Following his own theory of electricallycharged particles, Dirac predicted in ] 931that the magnetic force must haveoppositely charged particles or magneticmonopoles (N or S). Radovic theorized thatCerenkov particles are magnetic monopolesor magnetons.26 Fang et aL have indirectlydetected magnetic monopoles in aferromagnetic crystal.27 TiBer developed atheory that not only contains magneticmonopoles, but also a magneto-electric (ME)field, which is the reciprocal complement ofthe weIJ-known electro-magnetic (EM)field. 28 He also believes this type of subtleenergy plays a major role in healing thebody.Tiller explains EM and ME radiations asmirror images of each other. The maindifference is that ME fields naturally existat superluminal speeds (v> c) in a reciprocal

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space. Einstein's special theory of relativitydoes not exclude particles (e.g. tachyons) tocome into existence already traveling fasterthan unit speed, but states that it would bevirtually impossible to slow these particlesdown (v < c), or even accelerate a naturallyslower moving particle (e.g. tardyon) fasterthan unit speed (v > c) because it wouldtake an infinite amount of energy.29 InTiller's theory, ME fields increase in speedas the density of the medium increases,whereas EM fields tend to slow down as themedium becomes denser. Wang et al. wasapparently able to observe/produce a pulseof light in a medium of cesium vapor thatwas clocked at 310 times the speed of lightin a vacuum.30 Gauthier et al. exceeded unitspeed by producing a pulse of light in amedium of potassium vapor.31 Since bothmediums (cesium and potassium) are moredense than a vacuum, in theory these twoexperiments could represent measurementsof an ME field. To date, no additionalexperiments have verified or falsifiedevidence of either magnetic monopoles orME fields. The proposed model in thispaper hypothesizes that these subtle energies(magnetic monopoles and ME fields) willbe more directly experienced in the dreamstate.ME LIGHT IN THE DREAM STATEA strong argument against the sensoryreceptors being directly involved indreaming is that dreams for the most partoccur at night or in a dark setting. Withoutlight, the photoreceptors of the eyes cannothelp us see reflections of different objects.Since the eyes' photoreceptors require atleast 7 to 9 photons to see even the tiniest

flashes of light, one should not be able tosee a vivid image with the eye lids c1osed. 32Surprisingly, the eyes appear to have aphotogenerator function as well. Rapid eyemovement (REM) is an example of how theeyes can be involved with the braingenerating multiple images during dreams.From an inner perspective, the dreamexperience tends to be filled with visiblelight and images of different people, placesand things. According to Tiller, the humanbody naturally radiates ME fields, whichhave been externally measured by electromagnetically shielded devices. 28 If the bodynatura])y generates magneto-electricity, onehypothesis that could be tested is whetherthese fields are more directly measurablewithin the realm of dreams.ENERGY OF THE MACROCOSMBesides the human body, other possibilitiesof ME fields observed in nature may befound in cosmic rays. This type of radiationcan produce energies as high as ] 020 ev.BWhile not part of the EM spectrum, theserays constantly bombard the Earth fromevery direction of outer space, which meansthis type of energy pours through ourbodies even during the nighttime hours.Kephart and Weiler suggest that the highestenergies produced in cosmic rays are due tomagnetic monopoles.34 Quasars and evenblack holes may explain where these highlyenergetic rays originate from. 35 Thegravitational fields of black holes arebelieved to be so great that not even lightcan escape. Contrary to this popularnotion, Stephen Hawking discovered in1974 that black holes can emit radiationbecause their intense gravitational field

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causes the creation of pairs of particles andanti-particles, one of which falls into theblack hole and the other which escapes; forradiation to escape the intense gravitationalfield of the black hole its speed must begreater than c. 19 Frampton and Kephartcalculate that primordial black holes mayemit 1021 positrons per second.36 Hawkingalso postulates that what goes into a blackhole may come out of a time reversed whitehole on the other side. As time gainsdimensions on the far side of the eventhorizon, space by contrast loses them. 37Quasars, which may very well be whiteholes, typically generate about 10,000 timesas much energy as an ordinary spiral galaxyand are hypothesized to be fueled by supermassive black holes. 3839 If ME fields areeventually found in cosmic rays, it is likelysome part of our body is able to perceiveit. Perhaps EM and ME fields areanalogous to the interaction between thewaking and dreaming states.ENERGY OF THE MICROCOSMSamantha-Laughton postulates that blackholes occur at every level of the universe,from the very large-in the centers ofgalaxies, to the very smal1-inside atomsand somewhere in between. 4o Greenesuggests that micro black holes may be assmall as an electron with the same mass andcharge. 41 If these micro black holes reallyexist somewhere inside our own bodies, itmay explain how we can naturally generatesuperluminal energies from within. Sinceenergy is a requirement for rememberingevents occurring in the dream state, thegravitational fields of micro black holesexisting deep within the receptors of our

nerve cells might provide us with some cluesof why the contents of many of our dreamexperiences are so difficult to recall afterregaining waking consciousness. Thecontents of our dream experiences seem toinclude people, places and things that wehave already experienced in wakingconsciousness. To understand how this maybe possible, picture the waking realmexisting on one side of a black hole, andthe dreaming realm existing on the otherside of a white hole. When we experiencesome of our memories from wakingconsciousness as bizarre manifestations inour dreams, the energetic flow of thesememories must first escape from the wakingrealm through a black hole, and then exitthrough a white hole to become part of theenergetic flow of the dream realm. Microwhite holes are hypothesized to exist deepwithin the generators of nerve cells. Thebizarreness of the dreaming realm can beattributed mainly to the reversal of 4Dspace-time to 4D time-space.TwIN COMPLEMENTARY BODIESFigure 3 is another 4D expression of spaceand time. In this diagram, the cube on theright represents the realm of the wakingSoC and the cube on the left is the realmof dreaming. The body on the right,known as the physiological body, consists ofmultiple sensory organs, and exists within a4D space-time realm. Irs twin double iscalled the imaginal body, which consists ofmultiple imaginary organs, and existswithin a 4D time-space realm. In dreams,the imaginal body may appear to us like ourphysiological body does in wakingconsciousness. Monroe gives a detailed

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Figure 3. A 4D min'OT inlilge ({a woman 5physiologiml body (u1ithin the cube on the right) tUM her imtlgiluzlbody ({{)ithin the mbe on the left). Human b i o ~ is hypothesized to be a combination of these two inten'elatedbodies working togethfl: In waking consciousness we can lise one dimension oftime to measure the f),:ogmous diunUlIbio,{:rythm, whidJ is synchronized with the day/night eye"', And in dreaming consciousness UJC can use three tnnporaldimensions to measure three e1Uhgmous biorhythms (circadian, ultradian mul irifindian). Utilizing multipledimensions ofspace mM time flwbles us to measure the size mul age ofany perceiv'lb'" physical oiject, including allknown biologU'tzl organisms.

description of a "second body" andsuggested that it may consist of anti-matter.42Tiller's model presents two reciprocal bodiesthat he calls the physical and etheric. 28According to Tiller's Mirror Principle, theproperties of the physical body includepositive entropy, mass, temperature andenergetic states, which are opposite of thenegative entropy, mass, temperature andenergetic states of the etheric body. Theterm entropy describes the tendency towarddisorder. In physics, chaos theory explainsthe most dynamic order-disorder of energyaround us. 43 All physical objects areaffected by positive entropy. The naturalprocess of bodily decomposition is an

example. However, negative entropy is alsoan integral part of all biologicalorganisms. 44 Nutrients released by thedigestive process are used to build up andreplenish our bodily structure, resulting ingrowth and renewal; this is an example ofnegative entropy. Biologists can measurethe effects of both positive and negativeentropy by studying the anabolic andcatabolic processes of biological organisms.The term bio not only means life, but italso means dual or two, reflecting thistension between opposing yet complementary physical processes (positive andnegative entropy). The model in figure 3proposes that our biological nature is thecombination of two bodies (the imaginaland physiological) working together.

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CORRELATION OF DREAMS WITHNEGENTROPYIf we examine the life of a person, most ofthe biological growth happens early in life,especially within the first several years.Interestingly the amount of time a childspends in the dream zone is very highcompared to that for adults after puberty.Infants typically spend 13 Y2 to ] 6 Y2 hoursa day sleeping.45 The highest averages comefrom newborn infants who spend about700/0 of their sleep time dreaming, whileadults only spend about 200/0 of their sleepin dreams.46 REM actually occurs duringsleep onset for infants, whereas non-rapideye movement (NREM) occurs during sleeponset for adults. 12 Most vivid dreams occurduring REM sleep, which producesbrainwaves that most resemble wakingconsciousness. 47 Researchers nowunderstand the necessity of dreaming inearly childhood development.48 People whohave been deprived of dreaming early in lifetend to have more difficulties functioningwhile in a waking SoC (e.g. behavioralproblems) due to permanent sleep disruption, an abnormal amount of brain celldeath and decreased brain mass. 49, 50 Whenmost people dream, their physiologicalbodies experience paralysis, which preventsthem from acting out their dreams and givesthe body an opportunity to not only restand restore, but grow and develop. LaBergeand DeGracia found sleep paralysis to becommonly reported in dreaming. 51Figure 3 provides a map of where weconsciously shift our attention when ourphysiological body experiences paralysis.The temporal dimensions in this model

provide two interconnected zones formeasuring the four known biologicalrhythms. In the waking zone, theexogenous diurnal rhythm is synchronizedwith the day/night cycle. 52 People livingcloser to the equator will always experiencemore sunlight on average than those wholive closer to the poles so their diurnalrhythms will differ in duration. In thedream zone, the endogenous ultradiart,circadian and in/radian rhythms are alIlinked, but differ in cyclic durations. Theultradian rhythm is less than 24 hours; thecircadian rhythm is about 24 hours; and theinfradian rhythm is over 24 hours. 53 Oneexample of the u Itradian rhythm is theshifting dilation of the nostrils, whichchanges in dominance from one side to theother approximately every 90 minutes. 54The human menstrual cycle would be anexample of the infradian rhythm. This typeof biorhythm plays a major role in thebehavior of animals that both migrate andhibernate.MULTIPLE POSSIBILITIES INHYPERSPACEFigures 4A and 4B provide eight examplesof how 4D hypercubes can be illustrated ona 2D surface. We can use these examplesto explain how we can perceive multiplekinds of images within 3D slices of a morecomplex 4 dimensional world. Within 4Dhyperspace we can actually view eightoverlapping 3D cubes or parallel/alternatescenarios. As we fall asleep, we normallyshift from a waking SoC to a hypnagogicstate. Within each of these discrete stateswe can experience 3D perception, asindicated by the two examples in figure 4A

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Figure 4A. Multiple 3D slicesexist within a 4D hypercube.Some extlmples include thewaking state (top right), thehypl1agogi< Stilte (top kfi), andtwo dreamscapes (bottomand light).

Figure 4B. Some otherexamples of perceiving 3Dimages within 4D hyperspaceinclude experiencing three moredreamscapes and thehypnopompic state (bottomright) before waking up.


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(top right and top left). During eight hoursof sleep the average person may experiencefour to five vivid dream episodes. Theseparticular 3D scenarios or dreamscapes arealso shown in figure 4A (bottom left andright), as well as in figure 4B (top right andleft, and bottom left). We can also experience 3D perception in the hypnopompicstate, which is what we usually experiencebefore waking up. An example of thisparticular scenario is also shown in 4B(bottom right). If the human body issimilar to a radio or television in any way,then some part of our biological structuremust function like a radio dial or channelflipper. This would allow us to tune in toa particular 3D slice of 4D hyperspace. Bychanging the channel or adjusting the dial,we can become more aware of what'shappening within one of these particular3D scenarios. We may not necessarily tuneour awareness in to each and everyone ofthese particular 3D slices throughout thenight, but instead we may choose to revisitthe same scenario more than once, especial1yif we experience something within it thatreally captures our interest. For instance, ifwe suddenly wake up from a particulardream, we may choose to return to the samedream instead of accessing anotherdreamscape. Many people report havingreoccurring dreams, which also infersrevisiting the same dreamscape over andover agam.Within a 4D world, we may experience eachof these eight 3D slices as distinct scenarios,but with noticeable overlapping similarities.Even if a dream seems so bizarre and unrealistic as compared to what we may usually

experience during waking consciousness, itdoesn't mean there isn't some kind ofsynchronistic connection. For instance, inone dreamscape a woman may star in a playon Broadway, while in another dream shecould be working as an accountant for a biglaw firm. Neither of these particular rolesmay resemble her actual occupation in thedomain of waking consciousness, but theymay inspire her to make a career change.Regardless of how different each scenariomay seem from one another, the fourthdimension links them altogether, making itpossible for one to influence another. Inquantum theory, the so-called "spookyaction at a distance" is an example ofquantum entanglement, which explains howenergetic particles remain connected and areable to influence each other instantly, eventhough they may appear to be separated bydistance. 55 Based on some of the principlesof quantum theory, some theoreticians haveexercised the possibility that we live in amultiverse where there are alternate realitiesand parallel universes. 56 "In this view," saystheorist David Deutsch from the Universityof Oxford, "our Universe is only a tiny facetof a larger multiverse. Everything in ourUniverse-including you and me, everyatom and every galaxy-has counterparts inthese other universes. "57

This 4D model can be interpreted as eithera multidimensional universe or a multiversecontaining eight overlapping 3D universes.We can access multiple 3D scenarios withina 4D multiverse by experiencing other statesof consciousness like reverie anddaydreaming. According to Krippner,reverie is a SoC characterized with REM,

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which can be experimentally induced by ahypnotist, whereas day-dreaming is a SoCthat can occur with eyelids opened orclosed; with eyelids closed, Imagery mayappear along with REM.';8DREAMERS AS REsEARCHERSTart proposed the need for state specificsciences because he believes each state ofconsciousness has its own logic, ways ofperceiving, and rules for validation. ;9 Heclaimed that the best way to collect data ona discrete SoC is for the researcher toactually be in that specific SoC duringobservation. If we can consciously orunconsciously shift between the waking anddreaming states via the fourth dimension, itis possible for any scientist to develop theskills necessary for making direct observations and conducting experiments in thedreaming realm with the same competenceas they would usual1y perform in the wakingrealm. Below are Tart's recommendedguidelines.There are many technologies available tohelp train researchers to access these statesmore successfully such as biofeedback

devices, along with different techniques likehypnosis, relaxation, visualization (e.g.guided imagery), and meditation. Therealm of dreams might very well be anexperimental testing ground for physiciststo explore in confirming or rejecting theexistence of anti-matter and magneticmonopoles. If Larson, Tart and Tiller arecorrect, the majority of physicists have beenunsuccessful in their attempts of measuringmagnetic monopoles and mass quantities ofanti matter because they have beensearching in the wrong place usmg a nonconducive SoC.This multidimensional model could beapplied to a number of research questionsin different professions. In the field ofpsychology, particularly oneirology,correlating the endogenous biorhythmswith multiple dreamscapes could provideresearchers a better means of measuring thebehavior of any dreamer in a particularscenario. Behaviors measured in dreamsmay leave traces or clues that are directlyconnected to the positioning (e.g. back,front, left and right) and vital signs(brainwaves, heart rate, blood pressure, etc.)

1.) A scientist should be able to function skillfully in a discrete SoC.2.) A scientist may be observer, subject and experimenter simultaneously.3.) A scientist could collect data in experimental work with other subjects in that SoC.4.) A scientist could be in that SoC at the time of data collection, data analysis ortheorizing.5.) A state specific scientist's quest to seek data and then transport the data across a bridge

of transformation from that state to waking consciousness.6.) The goal of state specific sciences is to gather information about that discrete state and

then combine this information with information obtained from other states so that afinal comprehensive theory might be proposed, tested and further refined.

7.) AJI states must be explored before the phenomenon of consciousness can be understood.



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of the physiological body. For cliniciansand counselors working in mental healthwho already utilize dream therapy, thismodel can be used to help theirclients/patients better understand theirdream experiences and whysleeping/dreaming is so important forhealing the body. In the field of medicine,acknowledging the nature of subtle energies(ME fields and anti-matter) and how theyrelate (negative and positive entropy) to theconventional energies (EM fields andmatter) within a biological organism canprovide medical researchers a betterunderstanding of how certain types ofmedications (including homeopathy) work,and even treatments that use energy moredirectly such as: electric convulsive therapy(ECT) to treat depression and light therapyto treat seasonal affective disorder (SAD).Using this model to help explain the natureof how one body (e.g. the imaginal) affectsthe other (e.g. the physiological) and viceversa might determine why certaintreatments for physical ailments are moreeffective than others; and how sometimesusing less (e.g. homeopathic dilutions) isactually better for restoring a more balancedworking relationship between these twobodies.As state specific scientists, each of us musttrain ourselves to become more competentoneironauts--explorers of the realm ofdreams. Organizations like the LucidityInstitute offer helpful services, but eachperson must overcome their preconceivedlimitations. We have the capability toimagine things from the inner realm ofdreams while we are experiencing a waking

SoC and to sense things from the outerrealm of wakefulness while we are experiencing a dreaming SoC. Although it'spossible to be aware of both realms simultaneously, it is rather difficult because we havebeen conditioned to only tune into oneparticular realm at any given moment.From figure 2 we infer that one can beeither fully aware of what's going on in theouter cube, or the inverse cube, but notboth. This is similar to how we viewGestalt diagrams with dual images (e.g. apicture that displays an image of a youngand old woman). Most people can onlyrecognize one or the other at any givenmoment, but cannot recognize both atonce. For a true 4D perception of theworld, we have to be aware of eventshappening in both realms regardless of ourspecific SoC at that moment. Figure 3shows the possibility of bi-Iocation, onepossible way to consciously experience bothrealms simultaneously.More than a decade ago the market wasflooded with commercial art called MagicEye, which displayed various picturesembedded in computer graphically designedpatterns. Upon closer examination, thesepictures show 3D images of objects withinthe patterns. Observers learned to see the3D image by focusing the eyes in a slightlydifferent way. If it is possible to see a 3Dimage on a 2D surface then we should beable to train our brain to recognize a 4Dform in a 3D space. Perhaps people whoperceive ghosts or apparitions already do.To fully experience the world 4 dimensionally, we would practically seem god-like toa 3D life form in comparison. According



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to Kaku, a 4D person would be capable ofpassing through walls, disappearing andreappearing at will, seeing through buildingsand finding hidden objects, and performinga surgery without even cutting the skin. 16One can only imagine what it would be likeif doctors could observe cancerous growthswithin the body and then surgically removethem without leaving any bodily scarssimply by learning to access the fourthdimension. To date, many oneironauts havereported manipulating objects with somedegree of control during lucid dreaming.6oAs we continue to explore the fourthdimension through our dreams and otherstates of consciousness like reverie and daydreaming, eventually we will learn how tointegrate these experiences so we canperceive the world more four dimensionally.This multidimensional mode1 can provideus with a guide.

CORRESPONDENCE: Christian J Hallman, Ph.D. [email protected]:A very special thanks to Jan Marie Lundgren for allyour help. I would also like (0 personally thankAngela Thompson Smith, Stanley Krippner, RobertVan de Castle, Ed Kellogg and Thomas Campbell forproviding me with some great constructive feedback.REFERENCES & NOTES1. B.O. States, Dream Bizarreness and InnerThought, Dreaming: journal of the Association for

the Study ofDreams 10, 4 (2000), pp. 179-] 92.2. RM . Knudson, Significant Dreams: Bizarre orBeautiful? Dreaming: journal of the Associationthe Study ofDreams I l , 4 (2001), pp. 167-]3. F.A. Wolf, The Dreaming Universe (Simon &Schuster, New York, 1994).

4. R. Van de Casrle, Our Dreaming lvlind: TheHist01Y and Psychology of Dreaming (Ballantine

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Sourcebook (Contemporary Books, Chicago,1995).6. S. Krippner, C. Jaeger & L Faith, IdentifYing andUtilizing Spiritual Content in Dream Reports,

Dreaming: journal of the Association for the Stuc(yofDreams I l , 3 (2001), pp. 127-]47.7. D.G. Myers, Psychology (Worth, New York, 2001).

8. E. Hartmann, Outline for a Theory on the Natureand Functions of Dreaming, Dreaming: journal ofthe Association for the Study ofDreams 6, 2 (I 996),pp. ]47-170.

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10. J.M. Mageo, Toward a Halographic Theory ofDreaming, Dreaming: journal of the Association forthe Study ofDreams 14, 2-3 (2004), pp. 1'51-169.1 ]. D. Kahn & A. Hobson, Theory of Mind inDreaming Awareness of Feelings and Thoughts ofOthers in Dreams, Dreaming: journal of theAssociation for the ,';'tuc(y of Dreams 15, 1 (2005),pp. 48-'57.12. M.S. Franklin & M.J. Zyphur, The Role ofDreams in the Evolution of the Human Mind,Evolutiolltlly P ~ y c h o l o g y 3, (2005), pp. 59-78.13. S. Kastner, M.A. Pinsk, P. De Weerd, R.Desimone and L.G. Ungerleider, IncreasedActivity in Human Visual Cortex During DirectedAttention in the Absence of Visual Stimulation,Lorux 22 (1999), pp. 75] -761.] 4. A. Einstein, Relativity: The Special and theGeneral Theory (Crown Publishers, New York,1961).

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Describe Psychic Phenomenon, journal o fScient{fic Exploration 15, 3 (2001), pp. 331-354.18. L. Auerbach, P ~ y c h i c Dreaming (Warner Books,New York, 1991).19. S. Hawking, Black Holes and Baky Universes and

Other Essays (Bantam Books, New York, ]993).20. R.H. Abraham, A Two-Worlds Model forConsciousness, Proceedings, Subtle Energies and

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21. M. Saniga, On an Intriguing Signature ReversalExhibited by Cremonian Space-Times, Chaos,,)'olitollS and Fractals 19 (2004), pp. 739-741.22. D.B. Larson, Nothing BlIt Motion (North PacificPublishers, Portland, OR, 1979).23. L. Lederman & D. Teresi, The God Particle,(Delra, New York, 1993).24. R.P. Feynman, The Theory of Positrons, PhysicsReview 76, 6 (1949), pp. 749-759.25. F. Close, M. Martin & c. Sutton, The ParticleExplosion (Oxford University Press, New York,1987).26. A. Radovic, Cherenkov's Particles as Magnetons,journal of Theoretics 4, 4 (2002).27. Z. Fang, N. Nagaosa, K.S. Takahashi, A.Asamitsu, R. Mathieu, T. Ogasawara, H. Yamada,M. Kawasaki, Y. Tokura & K. Terakura, TheAnomalous Hall Effect and Magnetic Monopolesin Momentum Space, Science 302, 5642 (2003),pp. 92-95.28. W.A. Tiller, Science and Human Transfimnation(Payior Publishing, Walnur Creek, CA, 1997).29. P.C.W. Davis & j. Brown, Superstrings: A Theoryof Everything? (Cambridge University Press, NewYork, 1988).30. L.]. Wang, A. Kuzmich & A. Dogariu, GainAssisted Superluminal Light Propagation, Nature406, (2000), pp. 277-279.31. D.]. Gauthier, .\1.D. Stenner & .\1.A. Neifield,The speed of Information in a 'Fast-Light' OpticalMedium, Nature 425, (2003), pp. 695-698.32. S. Hecht, S. Schlaer & M.H. Pirenne, Energy,Quanta and Vision, journal of the Optical SocietyofAmerica 38, (I942), pp. 196-208.33. D. Muller, The Composition of Cosmic Rays atHigh Energies, AdzJtlllces in Space Research 9, 12(J 989), pp. 31-43.

34. T.W. Kephart & T.]. Weiler, MagneticMonopoles as the Highest-Energy CosmicPrimaries, Astroparticle P ~ r s i c s 4, 3 (I 996), pp.271-279.35. N. Herbert, Faster than Light: Loopholes in P / ~ y s i ( ' s(Nal Books, New York, 1988).36. P.H. Frampton & T.W. Kephart, PrimordialBlack Holes, Hawking Radiation and the EarlyUniverse, Modan Physics Leffel:, A 20, 21 (2005),pp. 1573-1576.37. L Shain, Art and Physics: Parallel Visions in 5pace,Time and Light, (Perennial, New York, 1991).38. G. Zukav, The Dancing W'u I i Masters (BantamBooks, New York, 1979).39 .\1. Zeilik, Astronony: The Evolving Universe 00hn

Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, 1991).40. M. Samantha-Laughton, Punk Science: Inside theMind ofGod (0 Books, \XTinchester, UK, 2006).41. B. Greene, The Elegant Universe (Vintage Books,New York, 1999).42. R .\1onroe, jo1t17leys Out of the Body (Doubleday& Co., Inc., Ne w York, 1971).43. V.V. Hunt, Infinite Mind (Malibu PublishingCo .. Malibu, California, 1996).44. R. Gerber, Vibrational Medicine: New Choices forHealing Ourselves (Bear & Company, Santa Fe,NM , 1988).

4'5. R. Ferber, Solve Your Child's Sleep Problems(Simon & Schuster, New York, 198'5).46. M. Ullman, S. Krippner & A. Vaughan, DreamTelepathy (Penguin Books, Baltimore, MD, 1973).47. M.P. Walker, Sleep to Remember, AmericanScientist 94, 4 (2006), pp. 326-333.

48. G.A. Marks, J.P. Shaffery, A. Oksenberg, S.G.Speciale & H.P. Roffwarf, A Functional Role forREM Sleep in Brain Maturation, BehaviouralBrain Research 69, 1-2 (1995), pp. I- I I .49. M.J. Morrissey, S.P. Duntley, A.M. Anch & R.Nonneman, Active Sleep and It s Role in thePrevention of Apoptosis in the Developing Brain,Medical Ji.rpotheses 62, 6 (2004), pp. 876-879.50. M. Mirmiran, J. Scholtens, N.E. Van de Poll,H.B. Uylings, ]. Van der Gugten & G.]. Boer,Effects of Experimental Suppression of Active(REM) Sleep During Early Development UponAdult Brain and Behavior in the Rat, BrainResearch 283, 2-3 (1983), pp. 277-286.5J. S. LaBerge & D.]. DeGracia, Varieties of LucidDreaming Experience, In R.G. Kunzendorf & B.Wallace (Eds.), Individual Diffirmces in ConsciousExperience, (John Benjamins Publishing Co.,Amsterdam, PI". 269-307, 2000).

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57. M. Buchanan, See Me Here, See Me There,Nature 448,7149 (') .luI 20(7), Pl'. 15-17.')8. S. Krippner. Altered States of Consciousness. In

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part one a multidimensional model of the dreaming state of consciousness; christian j hallman

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