paper 2 style questions - isaac newton academy · 2020. 3. 2. · when hydrochloric acid is added...

Paper 2 style questions Name ...................................................................... Class .................. Date ......................

© Oxford University Press 2017 www.oxfordsecondary.co.uk/acknowledgements

This resource sheet may have been changed from the original. 1

Give the word equation for the Haber process. Tick one box.

nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia

nitrogen + water ⇌ ammonia

ammonia + hydrogen ⇌ nitrogen

nitrogen + hydrogen ⇌ ammonia + water (1 mark)

Which type of polymer does a diol and a dicarboxylic acid make? Tick one box.

addition polymer

polyamide

polyester

DNA (1 mark)

Which two functional groups does an amino acid contain? Tick one box.

amine and alcohol

amine and carboxylic acid

carboxylic acid and alcohol

carboxylic acid and alkene (1 mark)

What effect will increasing the pressure have on the following reaction?

H(g) + I2(g) ⇌ 2HI(g) Tick one box.

Position of equilibrium will shift to favour forward reaction.

Position of equilibrium will shift to favour reverse reaction.

Reaction pathway will have lower activation energy.

No effect on position of equilibrium. (1 mark)

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What effect will increasing the temperature have on the following reaction? The forward reaction is endothermic.

CaCO3(s) ⇌ CaO(s) + CO2(g) Tick one box.

Position of equilibrium will shift to favour forward reaction.

Position of equilibrium will shift to favour reverse reaction.

Reaction pathway will have lower activation energy.

No effect on position of equilibrium. (1 mark)

When hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thiosulfate solution, it slowly becomes cloudy. The time taken for a cross under the solution to disappear can be used to monitor the rate of the reaction. A student used the following method to monitor the rate of the reaction: 1 Warm 50 cm3 of sodium thiosulfate solution in a water bath. 2 Pour the sodium thiosulfate solution into a conical flask. 3 Place the conical flask onto a piece of paper with a black cross

draw on. 4 Add 10 cm3 of dilute hydrochloric acid and start a stopwatch. 5 Stop the stopwatch when the cross is no longer visible and

record the time taken. 6 Repeat the experiment using different thiosulfate

temperatures.

Figure 1

The results are shown in Table 1.

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Table 1

Temperature of thiosulfate solution in °C

Time taken for cross to disappear in seconds

25 85

30 45

35 29

40 21

45 17

50 19

55 14

Plot these results on the graph paper below. Draw a line of best fit.

(4 marks)

0 5 . 1





One of the points is anomalous. Describe an error in the experiment which could have produced it.

(1 mark)

Explain, in terms of particles, the pattern in the results obtained.

(3 marks)

Figure 2 shows the structural formulae of two organic compounds, X and Y.

Compound X Compound Y

Figure 2

What is the name of compound X? Tick one box.

methanol

methanoic acid

ethanol

ethanoic acid (1 mark)

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What is the name of compound Y? Tick one box.

methanol

methanoic acid

ethanol

ethanoic acid (1 mark)

Write the empirical formula for compound Y.

(1 mark)

When sodium is added to compound X, a gas is produced. Draw a dot and cross diagram for this gas.

(1 mark)

Compound X reacts with compound Y to form compound Z. Name compound Z.

(1 mark)

Calculate the relative molecular mass (Mr) of compound Z. Ar C: 12, H: 1, O: 16.

(1 mark)

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Compound X can be produced from sugar. Calculate the atom economy of producing X can from sugar. The balanced symbol equation for this reaction is given below.

C6H12O6 → 2C2H6O + CO2

Atoms economy: % (3 marks)

A food scientist wants to check what food colours are used in blackcurrant squash using chromatography.

Describe an experiment the scientist could do to separate and identify the colours. You should state any measurements the scientist should make.

(6 marks)

Choose the correct phrase from the box to complete the sentence.

In chromatography experiments, the Rf value is always

1.00. (1 mark)

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less than equal to more than





Give the equation to calculate the retention factor Rf of a substance in paper chromatography.

(1 mark)

In an experiment the Rf value was 0.32 and the substance had moved 1.52 cm from the base line. Calculate the distance the solvent had moved in mm.

Distance: mm (4 marks)

Coal is mainly carbon. Coal is combusted in power stations to produce electricity.

A sample of dry air contained 0.0350% carbon dioxide. Give the percentage of carbon dioxide in standard form.

(1 mark)

Write the molecular formula of a gas formed in the coal power station with the ratio of 1:1 of carbon to oxygen.

(1 mark)

Give the polluting effect of this gas. Tick one box

causes global dimming

carcinogen

toxic

causes acid rain (1 mark)

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Coal also contains sulfur. Name the gas formed when sulfur burns. Explain its harmful effects.

Name:

Harmful effect:

(3 marks)

Waste water must be treated before it is released into the environment. A pH probe can be used to check the pH of water before it is released into the environment. Suggest why a pH probe is used rather than universal indicator paper.

(1 mark)

The compound hydrogen bromide is formed when hydrogen reacts with bromine.

H2(g) + Br2(g) ⇌ 2HBr(g)

hydrogen bromine hydrogen bromide

The reaction is exothermic in the forwards direction.

Give the meaning of the symbol ⇌.

(1 mark)

Explain the effect of increasing the temperature on the amount of hydrogen bromide in a closed system at equilibrium.

(3 marks)

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Explain the effect of increasing pressure on the amount of hydrogen bromide in a closed system at equilibrium.

(2 marks)

A platinum catalyst can be used in the reaction of hydrogen and bromine. Describe the effect of the catalyst on the rate of formation of hydrogen bromide.

(1 mark)

Describe the effect of the catalyst on the amount of hydrogen bromide at equilibrium.

(1 mark)

The energy level diagram shows the reaction profile for a reaction with a catalyst. On the energy level diagram below, draw the reaction profile for the reaction without a catalyst. Label the activation energy for the reaction without a catalyst.

(2 marks)

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Explain why catalysts are not included in chemical equations.

(1 mark)

Hydrated cobalt chloride consists of pink crystals. When hydrated cobalt chloride crystals are heated, they turn blue and produce steam:

CoCl2.6H2O ⇌ CoCl2 + 6H2O

hydrated cobalt chloride anhydrous cobalt chloride steam (pink) (blue)

The forward reaction is endothermic. A student heats some hydrated cobalt chloride in a test tube until it turns blue. She allows it to cool. Then she adds water and feels the tube. What two observations does the student make?

1

2 (2 marks)

Compare the amount of energy transferred when the student heats the crystals with the amount of energy transferred when she adds water.

(1 mark)

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Carbon compounds are found in crude oil.

Use the diagram and your knowledge and understanding to explain how carbon compounds are separated into fractions.

(4 marks)

Petrol contains alkanes. Give the general formula for the homologous series of alkanes.

(1 mark)

One alkane in petrol is nonane, C9H20 Balance the equation for the complete combustion of nonane.

C9H20 + O2 → CO2 + H2O (1 mark)

1 1

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Fractions like gases and petrol are useful as fuels. Bitumen is not used as a fuel. Explain why bitumen is not used as a fuel.

(2 marks)

Bitumen is in lower demand than gases and petrol. It can be made more useful by cracking. Give two conditions needed to crack bitumen.

1

2 (2 marks)

One of the compounds produced when bitumen is cracked is propene. Propene is an alkene containing carbon–carbon double bonds. Describe a test for alkenes and give the result.

(2 marks)

Hydrogen atoms are about 25×10−11 m diameter and carbon atoms are about 70×10−11 m diameter. Estimate the length of a propene molecule.

Length: m (2 marks)

What two assumptions did you make to estimate the length of a propene molecule?

1

2 (2 marks)

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Table salt contains sodium chloride. Brands of table salt that contain “low sodium” use a mixture of potassium chloride and sodium chloride.

Describe a laboratory test to show the presence of sodium and potassium ions in table salt. You should give the expected results for both metals and explain why the test might be unsuccessful with low sodium salt.

(6 marks)

An instrumental method can be used to show the presence of potassium ions and sodium ions in low-sodium salt. Name this method.

(1 mark)

Give one advantage of this method.

(1 mark)

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Low-sodium salt also contains magnesium carbonate. This stops the crystals from sticking together. A student tests low sodium salt. Her tests are shown in Table 2. Complete Table 2 to show her results and what ion they identify.

Table 2

Test Result Ion in low sodium salt

add hydrochloric acid add sodium hydroxide solution

white precipitate, insoluble in excess

add nitric acid and silver nitrate solution

(5 marks)

There are several theories about how the Earth’s atmosphere changed. Figure 3 shows the composition of the Earth’s atmosphere today and the composition of gases found in a volcano.

Figure 3

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1 3





Explain how carbon dioxide, water, and oxygen levels have changed since the early atmosphere developed.

(5 marks)

Figure 4 shows how the amount of carbon dioxide in the Earth’s atmosphere varied between 1700 and 2010.

Figure 4

Describe the trend in carbon dioxide levels shown by the graph.

(2 marks)

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Suggest one cause of the trend observed in Figure 4.

(1 mark)

Scientists are concerned about the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and the effect this may have on the global climate. Suggest two ways that the levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere could be reduced.

1

2 (2 marks)

Scientists are also concerned about the amount of methane in the atmosphere. Describe how methane enters the atmosphere because of human activity.

(2 marks)

Suggest why it may be difficult to control the amount of methane entering the atmosphere.

(1 mark)

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Cola drinks are sold in three types of container: • glass bottles • plastic (polymer) bottles • aluminium cans Table 3 contains some information about each type of container.

Table 3

Type of container

Raw material

Mass of container

in g Reusable Percentage

recycled

glass sand 200 yes 40%

plastic crude oil 24 no 24%

aluminium aluminium ore 11 no 65%

Calculate the mass of sand that is recycled from a 200 g glass container.

Mass: g (2 marks)

In the UK, 51 000 000 kg of aluminium is used in packaging. What mass of aluminium is recycled from UK packaging each year? Give your answer in standard form.

Mass: kg (3 marks)

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Use Table 3 and your knowledge and understanding to compare the advantages and disadvantages of using each material to package and transport cola drinks.

(5 marks)

A life cycle assessment of each type of container was carried out by a cola company. They made the following claim in an advertising campaign: “We only use aluminium cans. They are easily recycled, so they are better for the environment.” The advertisement is misleading. Describe two factors other than disposal the company should consider to support their environmental claim.

1

2 (2 marks)

Some modern plastics can be made from corn starch. Corn starch comes from vegetables like potatoes, corn, and maize. Explain why corn starch could be a more sustainable source of plastic cola bottles.

(2 marks)

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paper 2 style questions - isaac newton academy · 2020. 3. 2. · when hydrochloric acid is added...

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