palmyra area school district 1125 park drive … area school district 1125 park drive palmyra, 17078...
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Palmyra Area School District1125 Park DrivePalmyra, 17078
Planned Instruction for:
Accounting II
Grade Levels:
11, 12
Authors:
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Overview
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Course Description
This course is a continuation of the first-year course, offering additional highly desirable general accounting procedures not
covered in the first year course. Departmentalized accounting methods and systems for partnerships and corporations are
included. Specific accounting principles and various methods of adjustments are presented involving "uncollectible
accounts," and "depreciation of plant assets." Other accounting principles included are "accrued expenses," "accrued
revenues" and the analysis and interpretation of financial statements.
PREREQUISITE: Accounting I.
* Juniors may apply credit earned in Accounting II to the general elective graduation requirement.
* Seniors may apply credit earned in Accounting II to the math or general elective graduation requirement.
Course Big Idea
Accounting is the language of business and an integral aspect of all business activities. Mastery of fundamental accounting
concepts, skills, and competencies is essential to making informed business decisions. Regardless of students' chosen course
of study or career path, accounting prepares them to be educated business professionals and informed consumers.
Course Essential Questions
How is the accounting cycle utilized by successful businesses?
Why is it essential for successful businesses and executives to be aware of their financial situation?
Course Skills
Common Assessments
Summative Assessments: Cornerstone Assessments:
Assignment #1: Unit #:
Assignment #2: Unit #:
Assignment #3: Unit #:
Assignment #4: Unit #:
Page 2 of 21 Overview
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Curriculum Map Planning Chart
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Curricular Concepts Pacing Resources
Unit #1: Adjustments and
Valuation44 Day(s)
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and
Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Unit #2: Additional Accounting
Procedures7 Day(s)
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and
Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Unit #3: Departmental
Accounting
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and
Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Unit #4: Business Operating
Activities
Whiteboard
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Page 3 of 21 Curriculum Map Planning Chart
Curricular Concepts Pacing Resources
Laptop/Excel/Word
Moodle
Page 4 of 21 Curriculum Map Planning Chart
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
KUD
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
Know
• Writing off an Account calculations
• Straight-line deprecation
• Plant asset records
• Calculating gain/loss on plant assets
• Double-Declining Balance Method of Depreciation
• FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average Inventory Costing Methods
• Inventory and Stock Records
• Maturity Value of Notes Payables and Notes Receivable
• Interest Income and Interest Expense on Notes Receivables and Notes Payables
• Accrued interest income and accrued interest exp
Understand
It's important to understand that.... • Not all customers pay their account balances, businesses must write off these accounts
• Equipment value decreases each year that it is owned
• Businesses must calculate depreciation, gain, and losses on plant assets
• Companies use different methods for the costing of merchandise inventory : LIFO, FIFO, and Weighted Average
Inventory Costing Methods
• Companies will sometimes allow customers to pay past due accounts with interest by signing a Notes Receivable and
charging interest over a specific period of time
• Companies will sometimes sign Notes Payables in order to pay their debt at a later time with interest charged over a
specific period of time
• At the end of the fiscal period, companies must record partial revenue and expenses incurred on Notes Receivables and
Notes Payables through the use of adjusting entries
• At the beginning of the next fiscal period, companies must reverse the previous adjusting entries for Notes Receivable and
Notes Payables in order to create more accurate records
Do
Students will be able to.... • Calculate estimated uncollectible accounts expense
• Record uncollectible accounts (written off and re-opened)
• Depreciate plant assets using the straight line method and double-declining balance method
• Record data on plant asset records
• Record the gain/loss on plant assets
• Calculate the Maturity value of a Notes Payable/Notes Receivable
• Calculate the Interest on a portion of a Notes payable/Notes receivable
Page 5 of 21 KUD - Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Unit Map
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
Day(s): 44
Unit Essential Question(s)
How does a corporation calculate and record entries for uncollectible accounts, plant assets and depreciation, inventory, notes and interest, and accruedrevenue and expenses?
Materials/Resources
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Vocabulary
Writing off an Account
Real Property, Personal Property, Assessed Value, Plant asset record, Gain on plant assets, Loss on plant assets, Declining-balance method ofdepreciation
Periodic inventory, Perpetual inventory, Inventory record, Stock record, Stock ledger, Last-in first out inventory costing method, First-in first-outinventory costing method, Weighted-average inventory costing method, Gross-profit method of estimating inventory
Number of a note, Date of a note, Payee of a note, Time of a note, Principal of a note, Interest rate of a note, Maturity date of a note, Maker of a note,Promissory note, Creditor, Notes payable, Interest, Maturity value, Current liabilities, Interest expense, Notes receivable, Interest income, Dishonorednote
Accrued revenue, Intellectual property, Accrued interest income, Reversing entry, Accrued expenses, Accrued interest expense
Long-term liabilities, Working Capital, Current Ratio
Unit Assessment(s)
Reinforcement Activity 3 Parts A and B
Launch Activities
Review of Basic Accounting Concepts
• Students will review the Chart of Accounts, Debits and Credits, transactions, posting, and basic definitions
Students should complete the following: (teacher created materials for review)
• Review of Debits and Credits Worksheet
Page 6 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
• Review of transactions and posting assignment
Standards
15.1.12.D - Analyze, journalize, and post transactions to general & subsidiary ledgers.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.F - Analyze and journalize transactions for short- and long-term assets.
15.1.12.G - Analyze and journalize transactions involving short- and long-term liabilities.
15.1.12.H - Identify, calculate, and record depreciation, depletion and amortization; explain their effect on the financial statements.
15.1.12.J - Analyze the various methods for maintaining and valuing inventory (FIFO, LIFO, etc.) and describe their effect on financial statements.
15.1.12.O - Compare and contrast the accrual basis and the cash basis of accounting; assess the impact of each on the financial statements.
15.1.12.P - Analyze and perform the reconciliation of accounts.
15.1.12.Q - Prepare financial statements (including a Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss and Owner's Equity) and understand their relevance.
15.1.12.R - Explain the primary areas of analysis (trend analysis, profitability, liquidity, capital structure) and the information that can be obtained fromeach.
15.1.12.S - Analyze and perform a horizontal and vertical analysis of the income statement and balance sheet.
15.1.12.T - Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.U - Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.V - Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capitalstructure.
15.1.12.Y - Determine and calculate taxable income and tax liability for both personal and business taxes.
15.1.12.Z - Demonstrate an auditing procedure that provides assurance that financial records are accurate.
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Lesson/Topic #1: Uncollectible Accounts Receivable
Students will record accounting activities related to
uncollectible accounts receivable; including writing off an
account and reopening an account.
Essential Question(s): • What has to be done in order to
record uncollectible accounts expense at the end of the year?
• How is a customer's account affected when it is
written-off/re-opened?
Lesson/Topic #2: Plant Assets and Depreciation
Students will perform accounting functions related to plant
assets and depreciation.
Essential Question(s): • How does a corporation record
buying plant assets and paying property tax?
• How is a plant asset affected by straight-line depreciation?
• How is the plant asset record affect by depreciation?
• How does a corporation record gains/losses of plant assets?
• How is a plant asset affected by double-declining method
of depreciation?
Lesson/Topic #3: Accounting for Inventory
Students will use the various methods to calculate and
compare the costs of inventory. Methods used will include
FIFO, LIFO, and Weighted Average.
Essential Question(s): • Explain the various methods used
to keep an accurate inventory.
• What are the different methods used by companies to
record and report their inventory costs?
• How are the different inventory costing methods
calculated?
Lesson/Topic #4: Notes and Interest
Students will perform accounting related activities for Notes
Essential Question(s): • How are interest and maturity
dates calculated for notes payables/notes receivables?
Page 7 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Receivables and Notes Payables. • How are transactions for notes payable recorded in the
journals?
• How are transactions for notes receivable recorded in the
journals?
Lesson/Topic #5: Accrued Revenue and Expenses
Students will record adjusting, closing, and reversing entries
for accrued revenue and expenses.
Essential Question(s): • How do companies record
adjusting, closing, and reversing entries for accrued
revenue?
• How do companies record adjusting, closing, and reversing
entries for accrued expenses?
Lesson/Topic #6: End of Fiscal Period Work
Students will complete a Work Sheet, Income Statement,
Statement of Stockholders Equity, Balance Sheet, and
complete the Adjusting, Closing, and Reversing entries.
Essential Question(s): • How are adjustments planned on
the worksheet?
• What information is recorded on an Income Statement?
How is it prepared?
• How is the Statement of Stockholder's Equity prepared?
• How is the Balance Sheet prepared? What information is
recorded on it?
• How do companies record adjusting, closing, and reversing
entries at the end-of-fiscal period?
Page 8 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 1: Adjustments and Valuation
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
KUD
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 2: Additional Accounting Procedures
Know
• Calculate initial investments by partners
• Calculate the distribution of earnings to partners
• Calculate the end of fiscal period Capital Account Balance
• Determine the Gain or Loss on Realization
• Determine the share of the Realization
• Time drafts v. trade acceptance
• Internet Credit Card Sales
Understand
It's important to understand that.... • Partners share all losses, gains, debts, and assets of a business
• During the dissolution process, assets must be sold, debts are to be paid, and partners share any remaining debt or gain
• Internet sales are treated in a similar manner as most other transactions
• There is a difference between a contract of sale and a letter of credit
• Businesses use Time Drafts to accept International sales/payments
Do
Students will be able to.... • Identify accounting concepts and practices related to forming, dissolving, and distributing the earnings of a partnership
• Journalize entries related to forming, dissolving, and distributing the earnings of a partnership
• Calculate the distribution of earnings
• Prepare a distribution of net income statement for a business organized as a partnership
• Prepare an owners' equity statement for a business organized as a partnership
• Identify accounting concepts and practices related to international and internet sales
• Record transactions for international sales
• Record transactions for Internet sales
Page 9 of 21 KUD - Unit 2: Additional Accounting Procedures
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Unit Map
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 2: Additional Accounting Procedures
Day(s): 7
Unit Essential Question(s)
What accounting procedures are used in partnerships, international, and Internet sales?
Materials/Resources
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Vocabulary
Partnership, Partner, Partnership agreement, Distribution of Net Income Statement, Owners' Equity Statement, Liquidation of a partnership, Realization,Limited Liability Partnerships
Exports, Imports, Contact of sales, Letter of Credit, Bill of Lading, Commercial invoice, Draft, Sight draft, Time draft, Trade acceptance
Unit Assessment(s)
Unit Exam
Launch Activities
Have students pair with a partner and look through the chapters in the new unit and make a chart listing the following: Familiar Concepts v. NewConcepts
Discuss the various student created lists.
Standards
15.1.12.D - Analyze, journalize, and post transactions to general & subsidiary ledgers.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.K - Describe, calculate, and journalize the sales and cost of sales including purchases, transportation costs, sales taxes, and trade discounts.
15.1.12.N - Explain how the different forms of business ownership and business operations are reported on financial statements.
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Lesson/Topic #1: Accounting for Partnerships
Students will perform accounting activities for the
formation, dissolution, and distribution of partnership
earnings as well as create financial statements for a
Essential Question(s): • How are forming, dissolving, and
distributing the earnings of a partnership recorded in the
journals?
• How is the distribution of partnership earnings calculated?
Page 10 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 2: Additional Accounting Procedures
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
partnership. • How are the financial statements for a business organized
as a partnership prepared?
Lesson/Topic #2: International and Internet Sales
Students will record international and internet sales.
Essential Question(s): • How does a company record
transactions for international sales?
• How are Internet Sales recorded by businesses?
Page 11 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 2: Additional Accounting Procedures
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
KUD
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
Know
•Accounting Equation
•Normal Balances of Accounts
•Posting to General and Subsidiary Ledgers
•Journalizing to Special Journals (Sales Journal, Purchases Journal, General Journal, Cash Receipts Journal, Cash Payments
Journal)
•Calculate Sales Tax
•Calculate Sales Discounts
•Calculate Taxes and Deductions associated with Payroll
•Calculate Commission
•Calculate Component Percentages
•The relationship of accounts on financial statements (Worksheet, Interim Departmental Statement of Gross Profit,
Departmental Margin Statements, Income Statement, Statement of Stockholders' Equity, Balance Sheet)
•Accounting Cycle
Understand
It's important to understand that....
•Transactions are journalized in various Special Journals
•Businesses and customers will take advantage of discounts in order to save money
•Businesses and customers return merchandise when it is damaged
•Businesses with departments must separate departmental functions from company functions
•Not all employees are paid just a salary: commission + salary
•Benefits and taxes affect employee pay
•Employees and Employers pay taxes; employers have additional taxes to pay
Page 12 of 21 KUD - Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
Understand
•Businesses with various departments have to prepare additional financial statements for each different department
•There are different type of expenses: direct and indirect and they have different affects on the various departments in a
business
Do
Students will be able to....
•Journalize and post departmental: purchases and purchases returns/allowances, cash payments, sales on account and sales
returns/allowances, cash receipts
•Prepare a commission record and calculate commission on net sales
•Complete payroll records (Payroll Register, Employee Earnings Records)
•Journalize payroll transactions
•Distinguish between direct and indirect expenses
•Prepare an interim departmental statement of gross profit
•Prepare a work sheet for a departmentalized merchandising business
•Prepare financial statements for a departmentalized merchandising business
•Analyze financial statements using selected component percentages
•Complete end-of-period work for a departmentalized merchandising business
Page 13 of 21 KUD - Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Unit Map
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
Day(s):
Unit Essential Question(s)
What are the various differences of a departmental accounting system to that of a regular accounting system?
Materials/Resources
Century 21 Accounting, Multicolumn Journal, 9th Edition Textbook and Workbook
Whiteboard
Overhead Transparencies (as needed)
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Excel/Laptop
Moodle
Vocabulary
Asset, Liability, Equities, Owners' equity, Stockholders' equity, Accounting equation, Source documents, Double-entry accounting, Journal, Specialjournal, Account, Ledger, General ledger, Subsidiary ledger, Controlling account, File maintenance, Departmental accounting system, Merchandisingbusiness, Posting, Debit memorandum, Contra account, Cash discount, Purchases discount, Petty cash
Credit memorandum, Sales discount, Point-of-sale terminal, Terminal summary
Salary, Pay period, Payroll, Payroll taxes, Withholding allowance, Tax base, Payroll register, Employee earnings record, Automatic check deposit,Electronic funds transfer
Fiscal period, Responsibility accounting, Direct expense, Indirect expense, Departmental margin, Departmental margin statement, Gross profit,Departmental statement of gross profit, Periodic inventory, Perpetual inventory, Gross profit method of estimating an inventory, Component percentage,Schedule of accounts receivable, Schedule of accounts payable, Work sheet, Trial balance, Plant assets, Depreciation expense, Responsibilitystatements, Income statement, Statement of stockholders' equity, Capital stock, Retained earnings, Dividends, Balance sheet, Adjusting entries, Closingentries, Post-closing trial balance, Accounting cycle
Unit Assessment(s)
Unit Exam
Launch Activities
Have students compare the Chart of Accounts to see the similarities/differences. Discuss.
Standards
15.1.12.D - Analyze, journalize, and post transactions to general & subsidiary ledgers.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.F - Analyze and journalize transactions for short- and long-term assets.
15.1.12.G - Analyze and journalize transactions involving short- and long-term liabilities.
15.1.12.K - Describe, calculate, and journalize the sales and cost of sales including purchases, transportation costs, sales taxes, and trade discounts.
Page 14 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
15.1.12.L - Describe and explain the criteria used to determine expenses and journalize the expense transactions.
15.1.12.M - Analyze and calculate gross pay and net pay, including regular and overtime wages, commission, and piece rate.
15.1.12.P - Analyze and perform the reconciliation of accounts.
15.1.12.Q - Prepare financial statements (including a Balance Sheet, Profit & Loss and Owner's Equity) and understand their relevance.
15.1.12.R - Explain the primary areas of analysis (trend analysis, profitability, liquidity, capital structure) and the information that can be obtained fromeach.
15.1.12.S - Analyze and perform a horizontal and vertical analysis of the income statement and balance sheet.
15.1.12.T - Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.U - Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.V - Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capitalstructure.
15.1.12.Y - Determine and calculate taxable income and tax liability for both personal and business taxes.
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Lesson/Topic #1: Departmental Purchases and Cash
Payments
Students will record departmentalized transactions in the
purchases, cash payments, and general journals and then
post to the appropriate ledgers.
Essential Question(s): •Explain the importance of file maintenance.
•Identify and explain how to journalize and post purchases
and purchases returns.
•Identify and explain how to journalize and post payments
of cash.
Lesson/Topic #2: Departmental Sales and Cash Receipts
Students will record departmentalized transactions in the
sales, cash receipts, and general journals and then post to the
appropriate ledgers.
Essential Question(s): •Identify and explain how to journalize and post
departmental sales on account and sales returns and
allowances.
•Identify and explain how to journalize and post cash
receipts.
Lesson/Topic #3: Departmental Payroll
Students will calculate and record departmental payroll data
for both the employee and employer.
Essential Question(s): •How are payroll records and deductions recorded and
calculated for a departmental business?
•What journal entries are made in order to record payroll
and payroll taxes?
Lesson/Topic #4: Departmental Financial Reporting
Students will complete financial statements for the
departmental business.
Essential Question(s): •What features are required if responsibility accounting is to
be successful?
•What are the two principal methods for determining
amounts of merchandise on hand?
•What purpose do adjusting entries serve?
Page 15 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
•What two reports are prepared to prove the accuracy of
posting to subsidiary ledgers?
•What conclusions can be obtained from an Income
Statement?
•What function do Adjusting and Closing entries serve?
How are they prepared?
Page 16 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 3: Departmental Accounting
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
KUD
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
Know
•The basic functions of business (marketing, human resources, production and operations, finance, accounting and
information systems)
•The evolution of accounting in business
•The basic accounting concepts (business entity, monetary unit, going concern, periodicity)
•The elements of accounting
•The differences between GAAP and IFRS
•The information that belongs to each financial statement
•How to calculate the various financial ratios
•The four basic business processes (business organization and strategy process, operating process, capital resources process,
performance measurement and management process)
•The perspectives of the balance scorecard
•Various types of internal control (proper authorization, separating incompatible duties, maintaining adequate
documentation, physically controlling assets and documents, providing independent checks on performance)
•The elements of a bank reconciliation
•The goals of the revenue process and the expenditure process
•The differences between FOB destination and FOB shipping point
Understand
•Accounting exists only because it is needed by businesses
•Accounting terms and concepts evolve over time as the needs of users change
•The relationship, organization, and importance of financial statements.
•The relationship between the four financial statements
•The need/interpretation of financial ratios
Page 17 of 21 KUD - Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
Understand
•The basic business process and the importance of financial and non-financial performance measurement
•The importance of internal control and of a bank reconciliation
•The decisions to be made during the operating processes and the sources of information to be used to make these decisions
•The cost/revenue behavior and the two cost estimation methods
Do
•Explain the basic functions of business and identify how each function uses accounting
•Explain and identify the basic elements of accounting (assets, liabilities, owners' equity, revenues, expenses)
•Calculate the following ratios: current ratio, debt to equity ratio, return on sales ratio
•Explain the similarities and differences between GAAP and IFRS
•Calculate a bank reconciliation
•Determine the functions of each of the business processes
•Explain/Identify the perspectives of the balanced scorecard
•Provide examples for each type of internal control
•Differentiate between FOB shipping point and FOB destination and the affects on income
•Calculate Fixed, Mixed, and Variable Costs/Revenue
•Use the high/low method to separate a mixed cost/revenue into its fixed and variable components
Page 18 of 21 KUD - Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
PALMYRA AREA SCHOOL DISTRICTAccounting II
Unit Map
Grade Levels: 11, 12
Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
Day(s):
Unit Essential Question(s)
How is accounting used by businesses and individuals?
Materials/Resources
Whiteboard
Document Camera
PowerPoint Presentations
Projector
Ruler
Calculator
Chapter Handouts
Laptop/Excel/Word
Moodle
Vocabulary
Assets, Balance sheet, Business, Business entity concept, cash basis accounting, corporation, current asset, current liability, current ratio, debt-to-equityratio, double taxation, expense, finance function, Financial Accounting Standards Board, financial statements, generally accepted accounting principles,going concern concept, human resources function, income statement, international financial reporting standards, just-in-time, liability, limited liability,limited liability company, limited liability partnership, limited partnership, long-term asset, long-term liability, manufacturing firm, marketing function,merchandising company, monetary unit concept, mutual agency, net assets, net income, noncurrent asset, noncurrent liability, owners' equity,partnership, partnership agreement, periodicity concept, product life cycle, production and operations function, return on sales ratio, revenue, Scorporation, service firm, sole proprietorship, stakeholders, statement of cash flows, statement of owners' equity, unlimited liability, XBRL (eXtensiblebusiness reporting language)
appraisal cost, accounts payable turnover, accounts receivable turnover, balanced scorecard approach, bank reconciliation, bank statements, businessprocess, customer response time, deposits in transit, efficiency strategy, external failure cost, financing processes/activities, flexibility strategy, grossmargin ratio, internal control systems, internal failure cost, inventory turnover, investing processes/activities, lockbox system, mechanisticorganizational structure, nonsufficient funds check, nonvalue-added time, operating processes/activities, organic oranizational structure, organizationalstrategy, outstanding checks, prevention cost, quick ratio, return on investment ratio, return on owners' equtiy ratio, service charge, value-added time
activity drivers, bill of lading, conversion process, cost behavior, dependent variable, expenditure process, fixed cost, fixed revenue, FOB destination,FOB shipping point, independent variable, manufacturing overhead, mixed cost, mixed revenue, purchase allowances, purchase discounts, purchaseorder, purchase requisition, purchase return, relevant range, revenue behavior, revenue process, sales allowances, sales discounts, sales invoice salesreturns, variable cost, variable revenue, X variable, Y Variable
Unit Assessment(s)
Launch Activities
Standards
15.1.12.A - Summarize professional designations, careers, and organizations within the field of accounting, including education and certification
Page 19 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
requirements.
15.1.12.E - Perform accounting functions using technology as a tool.
15.1.12.O - Compare and contrast the accrual basis and the cash basis of accounting; assess the impact of each on the financial statements.
15.1.12.P - Analyze and perform the reconciliation of accounts.
15.1.12.R - Explain the primary areas of analysis (trend analysis, profitability, liquidity, capital structure) and the information that can be obtained fromeach.
15.1.12.T - Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.T - Assess profitability, liquidity, and solvency by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.U - Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.U - Assess capital structure by calculating and interpreting financial ratios.
15.1.12.V - Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capitalstructure.
15.1.12.V - Analyze and explain the use of industry averages in assessing the financial condition, operating results, profitability, liquidity, and capitalstructure.
15.1.12.X - Analyze and perform breakeven and cost benefit analyses to support financial decisions.
ACC.VI.I - Use planning and control principles to evaluate the performance of an organization and apply differential analysis and present-valueconcepts to make decision.
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Lesson/Topic #1: Accounting and Business
Students will be introduced to the history of business and
accounting. They will learn about the basic concepts in
accounting, various types of businesses and business
organizations, and will learn to identify between the four
financial statements and the report of the independent
accountant.
Essential Question(s): •How did business and accounting develop?
•What are the elements of accounting?
•Explain the differences between the basic types of
businesses and business organization structures.
•Identify the purpose and relationship among the four
financial statements and the report of the independent
accountant.
Lesson/Topic #2: Business Processes and Accounting
Information
This chapter explores the business processes and the role of
internal control. The four basic business processes will be
studied, focusing on the business organization and strategy
process and the performance measurement and management
process. In addition, we will apply internal control
principles to cash receipts and cash payments.
Essential Question(s): •What are the four basic business processes and the
management cycle?
•What is the balanced scorecard approach and what are its
four perspectives?
•What are internal controls and why are they important?
Lesson/Topic #3: Operating Processes: Planning and
Control
The activities involved in each of the three sub-processes
will be examined (1) marketing/sales/collection/customer
service [revenue], (2) conversion, and (3) purchasing/human
resources/payment [expenditure]. The relationship between
activities and costs/revenues and defines this relationship as
fixed, variable, or mixed will also be introduced/discussed.
Essential Question(s): •Explain the activities in three different operating
subprocesses.
•Explain the differences between fixed, mixed, and variable
costs and revenues.
•How is the linear regression method used to determine
Page 20 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 4: Business Operating Activities
Lesson/Topic(s) Lesson/Topic Essential Question(s)
Finally, methods that companies use to separate mixed
costs/revenues into their fixed and variable components will
be covered.
fixed and variable costs and revenues?
•How is the high/low method used to determine fixed and
variable costs and revenues?
Page 21 of 21 Unit Map - Unit 4: Business Operating Activities