Submitted to: Dr. Maria

Submitted by: Aamir Rauf Memon

CMS #: 7690

Subject: Physical agents & Electrotherapy-II

Semester: 6th

Assignment # 02

References:

Clayton’s Electrotherapy 9th Ed (Angela Foster,Nigel Palastanga) (Question # 01).

Lecture (Question # 01 & 02)

Q.1: Explain Inductive coil method used is SWD

Inductive Coil

“It is made up of a coil through which AC flows & produces magnetic field perpendicular to the coil, inducing Electric eddy currents in the tissue causing the tissue electron oscillation.”

Friction produced by electron oscillation ↑ tissue temperature. Strength of Induced Eddy currents is determined by:

1. Strength of magnetic field in the area2. Electric Conductivity of the tissues

Tissues with high H2O & electrolyte content (muscle & synovial fluid) → high electric conductivity.

Tissues with low H2O & electrolyte content → Fat, Bone, Collagen → low electric conductivity.

Heat transmitted is deeper & to the superficial tissues Produce most heat in tissues:

Closer to the applicator With highest Electrical conductivity

Available in two basic forms → Cable & Drum. Induction Electrode consists of a Cable or Coil wrapped

circumferentially around in the extremity or coiled within the electrode. It creates stronger magnetic field than the electrical.

a) Cable Electrodes Cable or Coil is usually used for limbs Used in two ways:

Wrapped around the treatment area Pancake → used on Back

Space b/w turns (wrapping) → 5-10 cm It heats deeper tissues only.

b) Drum Electrodes It heats deeper tissues only Penetration to 3cm → Fat layer not > 2cm → > 2cm limits heat

penetration & absorption → Burn Heated tissues → Blood vessels & Muscles One or more Monopolar coils rigidly fixed in a housing unit

depending on treatment area Towelling is important.

Q.2: Explain different physiological effects of paraffin Wax Bath?

There are 3 major effects i.e. Circulatory, Analgesic, and Stretching Effect explained below:

1. Circulatory Effects Stimulation of superficial capillaries & arterioles →local hyperaemia

→ Reflex vasodilation (skin) Reflex heating of the joints ↓in skin temperature after 15-20 minutes Exercise after Wax Rx→ ↑ ROM & Muscle Strength

2. Analgesic Effects Most important effect → Sedative effect Moist heat → Soothing effect Pre-exercise → Good for Superficial joints

3. Stretching Effect Skin becomes moist, soft, & pliable Useful to stretch Scar & Adhesions