p arts of s peech grammar review/ introduction. 8 parts of speech 1. noun 2. pronoun 3. verb 4....
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PARTS OF SPEECHGrammar Review/ Introduction
8 PARTS OF SPEECH1. Noun2. Pronoun3. Verb4. Adjective5. Adverb6. Conjunction7. Preposition8. Interjection
WHAT ARE PARTS OF SPEECH?
Definition: words that label the various kinds of words in a sentence
A word’s meaning & position in a
sentence determine what part of speech it is.
Some words change depending on the context. Ex: ride can be a verb or a noun.
NOUNS
NOUNS
Words that name persons, animals, places, things, or ideas
Proper nouns name particular people, animals, places, or things—they are almost always capitalized
Singular or plural form (#)
Woman, desk, teacher, student, bear, mountain, personality, religion, city, country, happiness
Ms. Schonhar, Greer Middle College, California, Mt. Everest, Furman University, etc.
Girl (singular) vs. girls (plural)
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
NOUN PRACTICECircle the nouns (and determine whether singular—S—or plural—P) and underline the proper nouns.
Charlie was so excited to go to school at Greer Middle
College this August. He had planned for weeks to wear
his snazzy blue shirt and Nike shoes. While he was
enthusiastic about school, his sister was not. Susie did
everything she could to avoid getting into the car that
morning. She even hid under the covers and hoped her
mom wouldn’t find her. That was a bad plan. Eventually,
the siblings went to school and everything was fine!
Who needs to worry about such things as school?
PRONOUNS
PRONOUNS
A substitute for a noun (or for another pronoun). The word that the pronoun replaces it called its antecedent.
If the assignment is long, it will require some planning.
Here, it is the pronoun, and assignment is its antecedent.
Personal—I, me, we, us, you, she, he, him, they, it, etc.
Demonstrative— this, these, that, those
Interrogative—which, who, whose, etc.
Indefinite— each, many, none, one, some, both, anyone, neither, everything, etc.
Possessive—his, her, my, our, your, their, its
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
PRONOUN PRACTICEHighlight the pronouns and draw an arrow to their antecedents (if applicable). Also, write P if the pronoun is personal, D if it is demonstrative, INT if it is interrogative, IND if it is indefinite, and POS if it is possessive.
Charlie was so excited to go to school at Greer Middle
College this August. He had planned for weeks to wear his
snazzy blue shirt and Nike shoes. While he was
enthusiastic about school, his sister was not. Susie did
everything she could to avoid getting into the car that
morning. She even hid under the covers and hoped her
mom wouldn’t find her. That was a bad plan. Eventually,
the siblings went to school and everything was fine! Who
needs to worry about such things as school?
VERBS
VERBS
Describes an action or state of being
Tenses—example
Present
Past
Progressive
Perfect
Future
Changes to show: Person=who did it (i.e. I
write vs She writes)
Number= one or more? (i.e. he sings vs They sing)
Tense= when it happens (i.e. She argues vs She argued)
Voice= acting or acted upon (i.e. She paid the bill vs The bill was paid)
Mood= speaker’s stance toward action (i.e. I am awesome vs If I were awesome)
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
VERB PRACTICEIn the following paragraph, circle the verbs. Also, indicate if the verb is past, present, progressive, or perfect.
Sarah participates well in class. While she disliked
middle school, she truly enjoys high school. Sarah’s
favorite thing about high school is the lunch; she loves
Zaxby’s! Her friend Ruby is running cross country for
GMC, and she has practiced every day with the team
for a few weeks now. Sarah is not a fan of running, but
she likes to exercise. Maybe Sarah will go to tryouts
for golf, if her mom approves.
ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES
Adjectives modify (limit the meaning of) nouns and pronouns
They describe, identify, or quantify (#) these words
**Adjectives usually come before the words they modify, though they may follow verbs
***Articles (a, an, the) are also adjectives
The green Jeep ran off the road.
That Jeep has a flat tire. I saw several Jeeps drive by.
The defective car was in the shop.
The car was defective.
I saw the car drive by.
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
ADJECTIVE PRACTICECircle the adjectives and draw arrows to the nouns/pronouns they modify.
1. Stephen seemed angry after he finished the new book.
2. Martin’s diligent studying has made the difference in his grade.
3. Before the next meeting, the president will meet with the marketing staff.
4. Alabama’s governor replied quickly to the blunt question.
5. Their old dog has stopped retrieving the daily newspaper.
6. The painted dresser, which looked blue last evening, has green
highlights.
7. The conductor was completely delighted with our strong performance.
8. Professor Dumbledore made a surprise announcement: Harry would
compete in the upcoming tournament.
9. They answered the challenging questions but missed the easy ones.
10. Ted’s father generously provided him a weekly allowance.
ADVERBS
ADVERBS
Adverbs modify verbs, adjectives, other adverbs, or entire clauses. Many adverbs end in –ly, though some don’t (always, never, very, well, etc.).
Tell how, when, or, where something happens
John recently visited his father in Greer.
It was unexpectedly exciting.
He very soon discovered Jones Gap.
Frankly, he would have stayed another month.
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
ADVERB PRACTICEUnderline the verb(s). Circle the adverb(s) in the sentences below. Be sure to find adverbs modifying adjectives/entire clauses as well.
1. Scott carefully completed his obnoxiously lengthy homework.2. We’re going to the store today.3. The sad dog ran away.4. Noisily, the helicopter flew in the sky.5. We often eat dinner with our family.6. My parents are happily married.7. He quickly closed the door.8. Later, we will have an expertly prepared dinner.9. Before their wedding, the happily engaged couple saved their money.
CONJUNCTIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
Conjunctions connect words or groups of words to each other and tell something about the relationships between these words.
Coordinating Conjunctions join equal structures (i.e. two or more nouns, pronouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, phrases, or clauses)
Correlative Conjunctions join equal elements in pairs
Subordinating Conjunctions show the relationship between an adverb clause (usually dependent) and another clause (independent)
Coordinating Conjunctions:For And Nor But Or Yet So FANBOYS
Correlative Conjunctions:Both/And Neither/ NorEither/Or Not only/But alsoJust as/So Whether/Or Subordinating Conjunctions: Sweat ran down my face while I searched for my child.After, although, as, as if, because, before, even though, if, in order that, once, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, where, whether, while
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
CONJUNCTION PRACTICE #1Circle the conjunctions, and try to identify which type of conjunction each is.
1. I like apples and bananas.
2. You can come to the meeting as long as you don’t say anything.
3. We are losing now, but I think our team will win in the long run.
4. Both Jeremy and Joshua have red hair.
5. Keep your hand on the wound until the nurse tells you to remove it.
6. I didn’t study, so I will probably fail this quiz.
7. I am not only a daughter, but also a friend.
8. If it rains on Sunday, I will not be able to drive.
9. Neither my mother nor my father will be able to attend the parent-
teacher conference.
CONJUNCTION PRACTICE #2Write your own sentences using the type of conjunction listed. Underline the conjunction used.
10. Coordinating
11. Correlative
12. Subordinating
13. Your choice! Label it.
PREPOSITIONS
PREPOSITIONS
Prepositions express relationships (in time, space, or other senses) between nouns or pronouns and other words in a sentence.
Common Prepositions: About By Near
Above Between On
Across During Through
At In Over
Behind Into With
We did not want to leave during the game.
The contestants waited nervously for the announcement.
Drive across the bridge, and go down the avenue past three stoplights.
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
PREPOSITIONS PRACTICECircle or highlight all of the prepositions you can find. Feel free to just highlight the preposition at the beginning of the phrase.
Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and the porters. The gun-bearers had taken no part in the demonstration. When the native boys put him down at the door of his tent, he had shaken all their hands, received their congratulations, and then gone into the tent and sat on the bed until his wife came in. She did not speak to him when she came in and he left the tent at once to wash his face and hands in the portable wash basin outside and go over to the dining tent to sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze and the shade.
PREPOSITIONS PRACTICE ANSWERS
Francis Macomber had, half an hour before, been carried to his tent from the edge of the camp in triumph on the arms and shoulders of the cook, the personal boys, the skinner and the porters. The gun-bearers had taken no part in the demonstration. When the native boys put him down at the door of his tent, he had shaken all their hands, received their congratulations, and then gone into the tent and sat on the bed until his wife came in. She did not speak to him when she came in and he left the tent at once to wash his face and hands in the portable wash basin outside and go over to the dining tent to sit in a comfortable canvas chair in the breeze and the shade.
INTERJECTIONS
INTERJECTIONS
Interjections express surprise or emotion—oh, ouch, ah, hey, etc. They often stand alone as fragments, and even when interjections are part of a sentence, they do not relate grammatically to the rest of the sentence.
Hey, no one said life would be easy.
Whoa! Chill out, brother.
Yikes! That test was difficult.
Wow, I didn’t know you were going to say that.
Ouch, that hurt!
I don’t know but, goodness, that experience was crazy!
FUNCTION EXAMPLES
INTERJECTIONS PRACTICECircle the interjections in the sentences below.
1. Hey! Keep your hands off that camera.2. Darn, Alice is late again.3. Gee, I really thought I would have won.4. I think I, uh, forgot your name.
Write your own sentences with interjections, expressing the following emotions:
5. Surprise
6. Hesitation
7. Pain
8. Impatience
INTERJECTIONS PRACTICE ANSWERS
1. Hey! Keep your hands off that camera.2. Darn, Alice is late again.3. Gee, I really thought I would have won.4. I think I, uh, forgot your name.