2ND COMBINED ARMS BATTALION 8TH INFANTRY REGIMENT

OFFICER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT

TACTICAL TASK AND PURPOSE OPERATIONAL TERMS AND GRAPHICS

AND OTHER USEFUL STUFF

PRESENTED BY 1LT CASH A. FREEMAN

COMMANDER, B CO, 2-8 IN

Instructional Lead-InDoctrine provides a military organization with a common philosophy, a

common language, a common purpose, and a unity of effort.

General George H. Decker, address at Fort Leavenworth, 16 Dec 1960

The tactical mission tasks describe the results or effects the commander wants to achieve. A mission statement contains the who, what, when, where, and why associated with a specific operation. The what and why of a mission statement are not the same thing and both are needed. The what is an effect that is normally measurable. The why of a mission statement provides the mission's purpose or reason. These tasks have specific military definitions that are different from those found in a dictionary. In some cases, the discussion includes more than just a definition; it includes results or effects in relation to the enemy, terrain, or friendly forces not associated with any specific type or form of an operation. Tasks that identify a friendly action rarely provide sufficient clarity for a mission statement.

References

• FM 1-02 Operational Terms and Graphics

• FM 3.0 Operations• FM 3.90 Tactics• FM 5-0 Army Planning and Orders

Production• FM 6-0 Mission Command: Command

and Control of Army Forces

Tactical Mission TasksTypes and Forms of Operations

Tactical Mission TasksActions By Friendly Forces

Assault Follow and AssumeAttack-by-Fire Follow and SupportBreach Link-UpBypass OccupyClear ReconstitutionCSR ReduceConsolidation and Reorganize SecureControl SeizeCounter-Reconnaissance Support-by-FireDisengagement SuppressExfiltrate

Basis of Tactical TasksEnemy Terrain Friendly

Ambush Interdict Clear BreachABF Neutralize Control DisengageBlock Penetrate Occupy DisplaceBypass Recon Recon ExfiltrateBreach Rupture RetainCanalize SBF SecureContain SeizeDemonstrate Destroy Defeat DisruptExploitFeintFixInterdict

Attack-by-Fire: Tactical mission task in which a commander uses direct fires, supported by indirect fires, to engage an enemy without closing with him to destroy, suppress, fix, or deceive him.

Clear: Tactical mission task that requires the commander to remove all enemy forces and eliminate organized resistance within an assigned area

Breach: Tactical mission task in which the unit employs all available means to break through or secure a passage through an enemy defense, obstacle, minefield, or fortification

Bypass: Tactical mission task in which the commander directs his unit to maneuver around an obstacle, position, or enemy force to maintain the momentum of the operation while deliberately avoiding combat with an enemy force.

Control: Tactical mission task that requires the commander to maintain physical influence over a specified area to prevent its use by an enemy or to create conditions necessary for successful friendly operations

Counter-Reconnaissance: Tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to counter enemy reconnaissance and surveillance efforts. Counter-Reconnaissance is not a distinct mission, but a component of all forms of security operations.

Tactical Mission TasksTerms and Graphics

Disengage: Tactical mission task where a commander has his unit break contact with the enemy to allow the conduct of another mission or to avoid decisive engagement.

Exfiltrate: Tactical mission task where a commander removes soldiers or units from areas under enemy control by stealth, deception, surprise, or clandestine means.

Follow and Assume: Tactical mission task in which a second committed force follows a force conducting an offensive operation and is prepared to continue the mission if the lead force is fixed, attritted, or unable to continue.

Follow and Support: Tactical mission task in which a committed force follows and supports a lead force conducting an offensive operation.

Tactical Mission TasksTerms and Graphics

Tactical Mission TasksTerms and Graphics

Occupy: Tactical mission task that involves moving a friendly force into an area so that it can control that area. Both the force's movement to and occupation of the area occur without enemy opposition.

Reduce: Tactical mission task that involves the destruction of an encircled or bypassed enemy force.

Retain: Tactical mission task in which the commander ensures that a terrain feature controlled by a friendly force remains free of enemy occupation or use.

Secure: Tactical mission task that involves preventing a unit, facility, or geographical location from being damaged or destroyed as a result of enemy action.

Seize: Tactical mission task that involves taking possession of a designated area by using overwhelming force.

                         

     

Support-by-Fire: Tactical mission task in which a maneuver force moves to a position where it can engage the enemy by direct fire in support of another maneuvering force .

Block Fix

Canalize Interdict

Contain Isolate

Defeat Neutralize

Destroy Penetrate

Disrupt Turn

Tactical Mission TasksEffects on Enemy Forces

Tactical Mission TaskTerms and GraphicsBlock: Tactical mission task that denies the enemy access to an area or prevents his advance in a direction or along an avenue of approach.

                         

     

Canalize: Tactical mission task in which the commander restricts enemy movement to a narrow zone by exploiting terrain coupled with the use of obstacles, fires, or friendly maneuver.

Contain: Tactical mission task that requires the commander to stop, hold, or surround enemy forces or to cause them to center their activity on a given front and prevent them from withdrawing any part of their forces for use elsewhere.

Defeat: Tactical mission task that occurs when an enemy force has temporarily or permanently lost the physical means or the will to fight. The defeated force's commander is unwilling or unable to pursue his adopted course of action, thereby yielding to the friendly commander's will and can no longer interfere to a significant degree with the actions of friendly forces. Defeat can result from the use of force or the threat of its use.

Destroy: Tactical mission task that physically renders an enemy force combat-ineffective until it is reconstituted. Alternatively, to destroy a combat system is to damage it so badly that it cannot perform any function or be restored to a usable condition without being entirely rebuilt.

Tactical Mission TasksTerms and GraphicsDisrupt: Tactical mission task in which a commander integrates direct and indirect fires, terrain, and obstacles to upset an enemy's formation or tempo, interrupt his timetable, or cause his forces to commit prematurely or attack in a piecemeal fashion.

Fix: Tactical mission task where a commander prevents the enemy from moving any part of his force from a specific location for a specific period.

Interdict: Tactical mission task where the commander prevents, disrupts, or delays the enemy's use of an area or route.

Isolate: Tactical mission task that requires a unit to seal off-both physically and psychologically-an enemy from his sources of support, deny him freedom of movement, and prevent him from having contact with other enemy forces.

Neutralize: Tactical mission task that results in rendering enemy personnel or materiel incapable of interfering with a particular operation.

Tactical Mission TasksTerms and GraphicsSuppress: Tactical mission task that results in the temporary degradation of the performance of a force or weapon system below the level needed to accomplish its mission.

Turn: Tactical mission task that involves forcing an enemy element from one avenue of approach or movement corridor to another.

Tactical Mission Purpose

Divert Cause

Enable Protect

Deceive Allow

Deny Create

Prevent Influence

Open Support

Envelop Surprise

Types and Formsof Army Operations

Movement To Contact Retrograde Operations Relief in Place- Search and Attack - Delay River Crossing

Attack - Withdrawal Troop Actions- Ambush - Retirement- Demonstration Reconnaissance Operations- Feint - Zone- Raid - Area

- Spoiling Attack - RouteExploitation - Recon in ForcePursuit - SecurityForms of Offensive Maneuver - Screen

- Turning Movement - Guard- Frontal Attack - Cover- Penetration - Point

- Infiltration Security Operations- Envelopment Information Operations

Area Defense Breaching OperationsMobile Defense Passage of Lines

Task and Purpose TreeNesting Diagram

TASK: FIX

PURPOSE: PREVENT

TASK: SBF

PURPOSE: ALLOW

TASK: BREACH

PURPOSE: ALLOW

TASK: DESTROY

PURPOSE: PREVENT

TASK: DESTROY

PURPOSE: PREVENT

TASK: SBF

PURPOSE: ALLOW

TASK: DESTROY

PURPOSE: PREVENT

TASK: BREACH

PURPOSE: ALLOW

7 Forms of Contact

• Visual

• Direct Fires

• Indirect Fires

• Rotary Wing and Fixed Wing Aircraft

• NBC

• EW

• Obstacles

Vehicle BasedWeapons Capabilities

M1 Abrams MBT M2 Bradley IFVMain Gun: AP: 3,500 M AP: 2,000 M +

HE: 3,000 M HE: 3,000 M * 30 Degrees 100 meters

TOW: N/A 3,750 meters

Coaxial MG: 900 meters 900 meters

M2 .50 cal: (A)1830 N/A (P)1100 & 700

Organic Small ArmsWeapons Capabilities

Weapon Caliber Max Effective Point (M) Max Effective Area (M) Remarks M9 9 mm 50 M 50 M Carrying Position

M16A4 5.56 mm 550 M 800 M

M4 5.56 mm 500 M 600 M

M203 40 mm 160 M 350 M Collateral Damage

M2 12.76 mm 700 (G)/1100 (V) 1830 M 2550 M Suppression

M240B 7.62 mm 800 M 1100 M 1800 M Suppression

M249 5.56 mm 600 M 800 M 1000 M Suppression

MK19 40 mm 1500 M 2212 M Restrictive

M14 7.62 mm 460 M N/A Accuracy/Unreliable

Javelin HEAT 2000 M N/A 65 M minimum