of all af-related incident strokes (iss) and - sigg

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Page 1: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG
Page 2: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Age-specific incidence, outcome, and cost of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and systemic embolisms (SEs) from 2002 to 2012 in the OXVASC study.

60% degli stroke ischemici in pazienti di 80+ anni. 43.9% degli stroke fatali o disabilitanti sono FA-relati Il numero degli stroke da FA nei soggetti di 80+ anni si è triplicato dal 1981-1986 al 2002-2012, e questo numero è ulteriormente destinato a triplicare entro il 2050, quando più dell’80% degli eventi embolici si verificheranno in questa fascia di età

Age and sex-specific rates (per 100.000/year) for all incident AF-

related IS and SE

Page 3: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Che cosa occorre sapere per «scegliere» la terapia anticoagulante?

1. Le proprietà farmacodinamiche dei farmaci ed i risultati dei trials clinici

2. Le caratteristiche del paziente in cui intendiamo usarli

Page 4: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Che cosa occorre sapere per «scegliere» la terapia anticoagulante?

1. Le proprietà farmacodinamiche dei farmaci ed i risultati dei trials clinici

2. Le caratteristiche del paziente in cui intendiamo usarli

Page 5: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Principali caratteristiche farmacocinetiche di warfarin e dei nuovi anticoagulanti orali

singola

Ferri N and Corsini A G Ital Cardiol 2015;16(9 Suppl 1):3S-16S

Page 6: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

APIXABAN

ANTIFUNGINI AZOLICI (tranne fluconazolo)

CARBAMAZEPINA, FENITOINA, FENOBARBITAL, RIFAMPICINA, IPERICO

DILTIAZEM

DABIGATRAN

ANTIFUNGINI AZOLICI (tranne fluconazolo)

CARBAMAZEPINA, FENITOINA, FENOBARBITAL, RIFAMPICINA, IPERICO

DRONEDARONE CHINIDINA AMIODARONE VERAPAMILE

MACROLIDI

EDOXABAN

ANTIFUNGINI AZOLICI (tranne fluconazolo)

CARBAMAZEPINA, FENITOINA, FENOBARBITAL, RIFAMPICINA, IPERICO

DRONEDARONE

MACROLIDI

CHINIDINA VERAPAMILE

RIVAROXABAN

ANTIFUNGINI AZOLICI (tranne fluconazolo)

CARBAMAZEPINA, FENITOINA, FENOBARBITAL, RIFAMPICINA, IPERICO

CHINIDINA FLUCONAZOLO

MACROLIDI

DRONEDARONE

MACROLIDI

Page 7: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Principali caratteristiche farmacocinetiche di warfarin e dei nuovi anticoagulanti orali

singola

Ferri N and Corsini A G Ital Cardiol 2015;16(9 Suppl 1):3S-16S

Page 8: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Profilo concentrazione-tempo dei NOA in base alla

funzionalità renale ed epatica, alla co-somministrazione

di inibitori ed induttori di P-gp e CYP3A4

Gong IY and Kim RB Canadian Journal of Cardiology 29 (2013) S24eS33

Dabigatran Rivaroxaban Apixaban

Monodose vs bidose

Page 9: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Efficacy and safety outcomes in patients >=75 years

STROKE/SE

MAJOR BLEEDING

IC BLEEDING

GI BLEEDING

RE-LY: 7258 patients >=75 years; 6015/12091 patients 110 mg ROCKET-AF: 6229 patients >=75 years; 1476/7031 patients 15 mg ARISTOTLE: 5678 patients >=75 years; 428/9120 patients 2.5 mg AVERROES: 1987 patients >=75 years; 168/2808 patients 2.5 mg ENGAGE-AF: 8474 patients >=75 years; 7034/14069 patients 30 mg

Page 10: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Barco S. Best Pract Res Clin Haematol 2013

Stroke Bleeding Intracranial H.

HR HR HR

Se non controindicazioni, DOAC preferibili a AVK classe I

Page 11: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG
Page 12: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Che cosa occorre sapere per «scegliere» la terapia anticoagulante?

1. Le proprietà farmacodinamiche dei farmaci ed i risultati dei trials clinici

2. Le caratteristiche del paziente in cui intendiamo usarli

Page 13: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG
Page 14: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

NOACs – RCTs in AF: efficacy and safety in patients ≥ 75 y

Estratto da Capranzano P et al. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2013;11:959-73; Granger et al. N Engl J Med 2011;365:981-92; Connolly et al. N Engl J Med 2009;361:1139-51; and Patel et al. N Engl J Med 2011;365:883-91

*p<0.001 for interaction between age and treatment

Age ≥75y

Stroke or SE

Major bleeding

ICH 0.37 vs 1.00;

0.37;(0.21-0.64)

4.43 vs 4.37; 1.01;(0.83-1.23)*

1.89 vs 2.14; 0.88;(0.66-1.17)

0 D110

2 1 Warfarin

Rates %/year; HR; (95% CI)

D110 vs W

0 D150

2 1 Warfarin

Rates %/year; HR; (95% CI)

D150 vs W

0.41 vs 1.00; 0.42;(0.25-0.70)

5.10 vs 4.37; 1.18;(0.98-1.42)*

1.43 vs 2.14; 0.67;(0.49-0.90)

0 Riva

2 1 Warfarin

Rates %/year; HR; (95% CI)

Rivaroxaban vs W

0.66 vs 0.83; 0.80;(0.50-1.28)

4.86 vs 4.40; 1.11;(0.92-1.34)

2.29 vs 2.85; 0.80;(0.63-1.02)

0 Apixaban

2 1 Warfarin

Rates %/year; HR; (95% CI)

Apixaban vs W

0.43 vs 1.29; 0.33;(0.17-0.63)

3.33 vs 5.19; 0.63;(0.48-0.82)

1.56 vs 2.19; 0.71;(0.48-0.99)

Page 15: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

STROKE, SE, MB, DEATH Disabling STROKE, life-threatening bleeding, DEATH

STROKE, SE, life-threatening bleeding , DEATH

Page 16: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

0.5 1.0

Favours NOAC Favours warfarin

1.5 2.0

105 (0.76) 119 (0.86)

224 (3.15) 154 (2.16)

0.70–1.15 0.89

1.19–1.78 1.46

137 (1.15) 126 (1.07) 0.85–1.38 1.08

188 (1.56) 126 (1.07) 1.18–1.85 1.48

Dabigatran 110 mg2

Rivaroxaban4 †

Apixaban1

Dabigatran 150 mg2

232 (1.51) 190 (1.23) Edoxaban high dose3 * 1.23 1.02–1.50

NOAC Warfarin HR 95% CI

No. of events (%/yr)

NOACs vs. warfarin: major gastrointestinal bleeding

Created from: 1. Granger et al. N Engl J Med 2011;365:981-92; 2. Connolly et al. N Engl J Med

2010;363:1875-6, suppl app; 3. Giugliano et al. N Engl J Med 2013;369:2093-104; 4. Patel et al. N Engl J Med

2011;365:883-91, suppl app.

Edoxaban low dose3 * 129 (0.82) 190 (1.23) 0.67 0.53–0.83

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Page 18: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG
Page 19: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

ELDERLY CRF GI BLEEDING

HIGH BLEEDING

RISK

STROKE in VKA

THERAPY

LOW PILL BURDEN

APIXA DABI 110 EDOXA 60

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Page 21: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Aumentato rischio - trombo-embolico - emorragico

Page 22: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

DOACs versus warfarin in patients with moderate CKD

Qamar, A. & Bhatt, D. L. (2015) Balancing the risks of stroke and bleeding in CKD Nat. Rev. Nephrol. doi:10.1038/nrneph.2015.14

STROKE/SEE

MAJOR BLEEDING

Included with Cr Cl <50mL/min 19% 20% 17% 22%

exclusion criteria

Page 23: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Major Bleeding 0.1635

>80 596 2.10 (11) 3.39 (15)

>50–80 2912 3.53 (85) 4.45 (104)

> 30-50 1898 3.32 (47) 6.27 (87)

≤ 30 221 4.64 (7) 13.4 (17)

No. of patients ≥ 75

years Apixaban %/yr (n)

Warfarin %/yr (n)

Hazard Ratio (95% CI)

P Value for Interaction

Stroke/SE 0.4954

Cockcroft-Gault (eGFR mL/min)

>80 597 1.41 (8) 2.16 (11)

>50–80 2922 1.45 (39) 1.70 (45)

> 30-50 1906 1.74 (28) 2.69 (44)

≤ 30 222 1.70 (3) 5.57 (9)

Efficacy and safety outcomes of Apixaban in elderly patients (≥ 75 years) across the range of eGFR (ARISTOTLE study)

CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; HR hazard ratio; SE, systemic embolism

Adapted from Halvorsen S et al. European Heart J doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu046 epub February 2014.

NOTE: Patients with calculated creatinine clearance of <25 ml /minute were excluded from ARISTOTLE

Apixaban Better Warfarin Better

0,0625 0,125 0,25 0,5 1 2

Page 24: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG
Page 25: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

In che cosa è sconsigliabile «personalizzare» la terapia anticoagulante?

Nella scelta del dosaggio…

Dabigatran >30 ml/min: 300 mg/die (150 BID) 220 mg/die in pazienti >=80 anni e/o in terapia con Verapamile; 300 o 220 mg/die da valutare individualmente in pazienti 75-80 anni, o con IRC moderata, o ad alto rischio emorragico

Rivaroxaban >50 ml/min: 20 mg OD 15-50 ml/min: 15 mg OD

Edoxaban >95 ml/min: avoid use 50-95 ml/min: 60 mg OD 15-50 ml/min: 30 mg OD

Apixaban 10 mg/die (5 BID) 5 mg/die (2.5 BID) se 2/3: età >=80, peso < 60 kg, crea >1.5 mg/dl (eGFR 15-29 ml/min)

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The study evaluated clinical features of AF patients newly treated with VKAs (1024) or DOACs

(1314: 438 Dabigatran, 463 Rivaroxaban, 413 Apixaban)

Page 27: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Retrospective study to evaluate adherence to current manufacturer dose recommendations and thromboembolic and bleeding events in 224 patients administered DOAC at reduced dose

between Jan 2011 and Aug 2014

10.7% patients treated with Apixaban met 2 out of 3 clinical criteria for dose reduction; 54.7% of Rivaroxaban -treated patients and 32.2% of Dabigatran-treated patients had renal insufficiency requiring a dose reduction A past medical history significant for bleeding and mild to moderate renal dysfunction were frequent in patients treated with a reduced dose DOAC

Page 28: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;69:2779–90

Page 29: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

To evaluate the effects of the 5 mg twice daily dose of Apixaban on stroke or SE and bleeding among patients with 1 or no dose reduction criteria

Page 30: of all AF-related incident strokes (ISs) and - SIGG

Nei pazienti anziani con FANV, i DOACs presentano un profilo complessivo di beneficio clinico superiore al warfarin, prevalentemente dovuto ad una riduzione dei sanguinamenti intracranici .

Sono poche, e comunque molto meno numerose di quelle legate al warfarin, le interazioni farmacologiche «a rischio» da tenere a mente con i DOACs, mentre è importante tenere presenti altre caratteristiche farmacocinetiche, quali la via di eliminazione renale, di importanza critica nel paziente anziano.

Con i limiti intrinseci derivanti dai confronti indiretti tra gli studi di fase III dei DOACs vs warfarin, i dati a disposizione dovrebbero consentire al medico di scegliere la terapia potenzialmente più vantaggiosa a livello individuale in rapporto all’età, alla presenza di ridotta funzionalità renale, alla storia di pregresso sanguinamento o all’alto rischio emorragico, nel rispetto delle dosi raccomandate per l’impiego clinico.

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