ocean remote sensing (ors) programme
TRANSCRIPT
Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS) Programme
Teruhisa KOMATSU
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute
The University of Tokyo
W-V
2002
W-VI
2005
ORSP-I (Kawamura)
6th-S: Workshop for OC-P Establishment
W-III
1996
ORSP-II (Kawamura)
ICAM-P(Huang)
Workshop for ORSP Establishment
RedTide-P(Huang)
HAB (Fukuyo)
Red Tide Watcher
SEA-GOOS
OC-P(Ishizaka&Ahn)
YOC
YSLME
NOWPAP
NEAR-GOOS
NGSST-P(Kawamura)
NGSST Demonstration
Operation
NGSST-P(Kawamura)
NEAR-GOOSNGSST-WG(Kawamura)
Ocean Remote Sensing Programme
– A history
4.1.7 Ocean Remote Sensing (ORS)
Programme
Programme TOR:
/ Promote of application activities using satellite observations in
the WESTPAC region (Introduction of the New Technology)
/ Conduct international remote sensing projects for better
understanding of the WESTPAC region and development of
applications (Demonstration of the New Technology)
/ Contribute to the regional GOOS through the above-mentioned
activities
(Design and Implementation of the New observing system)
Satellite + Computer + Network
Under the project leadership of Dr. Hiroshi
Kawamura, the project has focused on
“New Generation Sea Surface Temperature”
(NGSST) and
“Ocean Color”.
Activities for the intersessional
period of 2005-2008
Activities for the intersessional period of 2005-2008
NGSST project
i) The NGSST-O demonstration operation has been
continuing since September 2003
ii) The NGSST-C strategic plan was developed and
distributed to the NEARGOOS-related communities
(1-km, 6-hourly coastal SST with front information)
iii) The NEARGOOS/NGSST-WG was formed, and the
kick-off meeting was successfully done last
November
New Generation Sea Surface Temperature Project
Workshop in 2008: 10 presentations (35 participants)
Open side meeting in 2008 (15 participants)
Meeting discussions:
1) Lessons learned from the NGSST-P in NEARGOOS region
2) Long interaction with NGSST-P and SEAGOOS
3) NGSST areal extension to the southeast Asian seas
Meeting conclusions:
1) Start NGSST R&D in the southeast Asian Seas
2) Set up a small scientist group for the R&G (Easy start!!)
2) SEAGOOS cooperation is left for future
Ocean Color Project
Workshop in 2008: 12 presentations (50 participants)
Closed side meeting in2008: (9participants, 5observers)
Meeting discussions:
1) Review of YOC-2007 (YSLME funded, NOWPAP cooperation)
2) Activities of YOC-2008 using the shared common dataset
Meeting conclusions:
1) Continue the YOC-2008 for improvement of the OC
algorithms in the YEC (cooperating with YSLME and
NOWPAP)
Temporal/spatial variability of TSM distribution
TSM(mg/L)
Tang’s SS
algorithm
The YOC-2007 has established oceanographic basis of
the OC technology for the YEC
Outputs of YOC-2007
The YOC activities in 2007 (YOC-2007) have resulted in
generation of
1) the YOC-2007 common dataset,
2) the regional OC in-water algorithms and
3) the SeaWiFS-based regional OC algorithms.
Through the activities in 2007, a new regional cooperation
of science-technology lead is established involving the
international frameworks (YSLME, NEAR-GOOS and
NOWPAP) for the marine environments.
Ocean Remote Sensing
- From Satellite Oceanography to Integrated
Coastal Area Management (ICAM)
1) Review present status of the regional ORS activities
(32 presentation)
2) Discuss on the regional requirements and roles of ORS,
and
3) Design ORS projects for the next intersessional period
Ocean Remote Sensing Programme
1.To enhance regional ocean observing systems
using remote sensing technology through
intensive research & developments and
capacity building
2. To promote remote sensing applications for
contributing to the IOC Medium-Term Strategy
2008-2013
3. To collaborate with and support to the other
WESTPAC programs and the regional
international frameworks using the enhanced
remote sensing functions
Ocean Remote Sensing Programme (ORSP) Objectives
ICAM workshop
Workshop in 2008: 11 presentations (40 participants)
Workshop discussions:
1) ORSP history and needs of ultra-high resolution RS
2) Possible set-up of the ICAM-related RS projects
3) Cooperation with the near-shore oceanography in the
WESTPAC region
Meeting conclusions:
1) Establish “Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project”
2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass,
mangrove, etc.
3) Tentative leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo)
High-resolution
SST
High-resolution
OC
Ultra-high-resolution sensors
7th-S Workshop: Ocean Remote Sensing – From satellite oceanography to Integrated Coastal Area Management (ICAM)
Establishment of
a new project
“Coastal Habitat
Remote Sensing”
YOC-2008 with
YSLME and
NOWPAP
Start of the
NGSST R&D for
the southeast
Asian Seas
- No WESTPAC fund
- The YOC-2008 is
funded by YSLME
- No WESTPAC fund
- Easy start !!
-WESTPAC fund
-Project design
8th General Assembly of WESTPA in Bali,
Indonesia in May 2010
Reform of Ocean Remote Sensing Project was accepted:
1) Establish “Coastal Habitat Remote Sensing Project”
2) Regional interest/requirements: Coral-reef, sea-grass,
mangrove, etc.
3) Leader (Professor Komatsu, ORI, U-Tokyo)
Spawning and nursery ground for
marine animals
Zostera marina in Seto Inland Sea
Buffering effect of wave and currents
Erosion of bottom substrate
Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease
Spawning and nursery ground
for marine animals
Zostera marina in Seto Inland Sea
Background
Buffering effect of wave and currents
Erosion of bottom substrate
Disappearance of Zostera marina due to wasting disease
Production of seagrass and seaweed beds in cash
Example of Seto Inland Sea Japan
Annual production per 1 ha (10,000yen) in Seto Inland Sea in 1971
Regions Moba Region
Bungo Suido
Suo Nada
Iyo Nada
Hiroshima Bay
Bingo Nada
Bisan Seto
Harima Nada
Osaka Bay
Kii Straight
47.5
45.0
27.0
-24.8
41.0
235.4
-56.7
-3.7
1.6
2.8
4.9
5.8
2.4
2.9
4.3
-7
17
-5
7
98
-13
Source: Nansei Regional Fisheries Laboratory, 1974
Ecological roles and services of coastal habitats
(seagrass and seaweed beds, coral reefs, mangroves,
tidal flats)
•High primary production
•High biodiversity through providing habitats for animals and
plants
•Supply of marine bio-resources as foods for local people
•Production of O2 and absorption of CO2 and nutrients
•Environmental stability e.g. buffering effect against water
movements
•Creation of environment
Background
Seto Inland Sea case
Reclamation in Seto Inland
Sea around 1960sSeagrass beds in Seto
Inland Sea
Cumulative reclamation and Zostera marina
Law on Environmental Conservation of the Seto Inland Sea
Threatened coastal ecosystems in the world
20
40
60
80
100
1950 1975 2000 2025 2050Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003
Revision
Three quarters of world population will live within 100 km from the coast till 2025 and threaten coastal ecosystems World Bank (2003) World Development Report
Background
Threatened coastal ecosystems
Coral reef Blast coral fishing Devastated reef
bottom
ReclamationAgricultural pollution Industrial pollution
Background
Realizing sustainable use of coastal
habitats • Monitoring , control and surveillance of coastal
habitats are indispensable for sustainable
development of fisheries and human society.
• In Southeast Asia, monitoring and surveillance
of coastal areas are key issue due to broad
unknown areas for policy makers and even for
local people.
• Remote sensing is an efficient and practical
method for monitoring and surveillance of
coastal habitats
Background
Sensors for coastal remote sensing
Aerial photography
Launch of Landsat satellite (1972)
Sensors with spatial resolution (30~100 m) were most widely used(e.g. Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Landsat TM)
long-time series/inexpensive data
Sensors with better spatial resolution <10 m(e.g. IKONOS, SPOT)
better spectral & spatial versatility/extremely expensive data
JAXA launched ALOS (2006)AVNIR-2 spatial resolution(10 m)/multispectral (420~890nm)/radiometric (8 bits)
PRISM spatial resolution (2.5 m)/panchromatic (520-770nm)/8bits
Characteristics of AVNIR-2 sensor
Swath Width 70 km ( at nadir)
Spatial Resolution 10 m (at nadir)
Wavelength Band 1: 0.42 – 0.50 µm (visible blue)
Band 2: 0.52 – 0.60 µm (visible green)
Band 3: 0.61 – 0.69 µm (visible red)
Band 4: 0.76 – 0.89 µm (near infrared)
Scanning method Push broom
Pointing angle + 44⁰
Quantization 8 bits
Bands 1, 2, 3 and 4 are nearly equivalent to those
of LANDSAT TM.
We can analyze time series data consisting of
LANDSAT TM and ALOS from 1973 to now.
27
ALOS AVNIR-2
(2008)LANDSAT-5
TM (2005)
ALOS (2008) LANDSAT (2005)
Monitoring of habitats in Malaysia
Sibu Island:Seagrass, seaweed and coral habitats
Time series data analysis by Prof. M. Ibrahim Seeni (UTM)
No seagrass
Live coralSargassum
Seagrass
Examination of sidescan sonar-based seatruth data
Information on seabottom
in 2006
Classified as
healthy coral but
seatruth showed
they were dead
in 2008
Damaged corals
Live corals
Map
Remote sensing of coral lagoon around Barrang Lompo Island,
Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi, based on AVNIR-2
image taken in October 2006
Comparison among islands
Time series data analysis
Island
Objective of the workshopStart-up of this project to exchange current information on the coastal habitat
mapping in member states
To identify target coastal area for mapping habitats in each participant’s
country from various viewpoints such as important ecosystems, vulnerability
of ecosystem, their distributions, human impacts including fishing activities
and reclamation, contrasting areas with and without conservation measures.
To exchange and review coastal habitat mapping and sea-truthing methods,
ameliorate and standardize these methods adapting to the WESTPAC region
in this project.
To discuss some appropriate outreach products on coastal habitat mapping
for integrated coastal area management at the end of this project and the
future activities to be carried out in the next year.
Remote sensing can visualize
habitat conditions
Policy makers
Remote sensing
of habitat
mapping
Local people
Sustainable coastal
environments
Review the remote
sensing methods for
coastal habitats and
aquaculture facilities
To have a current mapping
methods of coastal habitats,
and identify common method to
be used in some identified
areas
Collection of
information
about
mapping
methods
March
2011
Analyze initial
mapping results of
coastal habitat and
aquaculture facilities
Analyze the results generated
from Remote Sensing and
overcome problems encounted
in mapping coastal habitats
Elaboration of
mapping
methods are
expected
Decem
ber
2011
Dissemination of
mapping products of
Remote sensing on
the coastal habitat
Dissemination of research
results for local people and
policy makers
Remote
Sensing
Products on
coastal habitat
May/Ju
ne
2012
Schedule plan of ORSP for ICAM
Please join us!
Thank you for your attention