nutrition ii
DESCRIPTION
Nutrition II. Nutrients. Macronutrients. Micronutrients. Carbohydrate. Vitamins. Fat. Minerals. Protein. H 2 O. Micronutrients and H 2 O. vitamins and minerals found in variety of foods balanced diet no supplementation (Ca ++ ). Vitamins. Accessory nutrients (C,H,O) - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nutrition II
![Page 2: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Nutrients
Carbohydrate
Fat
Protein
Macronutrients
Vitamins
Minerals
H2O
Micronutrients
![Page 3: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Micronutrients and H2O vitamins and minerals
found in variety of foods
balanced diet no supplementation (Ca++)
![Page 4: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Vitamins Accessory nutrients (C,H,O)
Supplied thru diet (except D)
Manufactured during photosynthesis
![Page 5: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Types of Vitamins Lipid soluble
- A, D, E, and K
Water soluble- C- B: B1, B2, B6, B12, niacin, folic acid
![Page 6: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Lipid Soluble
Should not be consumed in excess
E.g. kidney damage 20 excess D
![Page 7: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Water Soluble Generally not stored
Excess is voided
![Page 8: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Role of Vitamins Links & regulators in energy
releasing reactions
Control tissue synthesis
![Page 9: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
SupplementationProper Diet Repeated Use
Supplementation
However?
![Page 10: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Supplementation Exceptions:
- C- B – folic acid- B1 and B6 (some athletes)- B12 in vegetarians
![Page 11: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Antioxidant Role Free radicals - highly chemically
reactive molecules/fragments Produced in body:
- O2-, H202, OH-
Produced in environment:- smoke, pollutants, medications
![Page 12: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Antioxidant Role free radicals oxidative
stress/cellular damage
oxidation of LDL atherosclerosis
Oxidataive stress cell deterioration, advanced aging, CA, DM, CAD
![Page 13: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Antioxidant Vitamins A (& precursor -carotene), C , E
Protect plasma membrane
-carotene & C CA
E & -carotene CAD, blood clots
![Page 14: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Recent Research roundworm life by 50%
synthetic drugs that mimic: superoxide dismutase catalase
persist longer than vitamins
![Page 15: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Vitamins and Exercise B-complex – coenzymes for CHO,
lipid, & protein catabolism energy
Contribute to Hb synthesis (RBC)
![Page 16: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Megavitamins 10-1000x RDA
Excess vitamin ResultC serum uric acid goutB6 Liver disease/nerve damageB2 Impaired visionE Headache, fatigue,blurred vision, GI
disturbance, muscular weakness, low BG
A Nervous system toxicityD Kidney damage
![Page 17: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Minerals Elements Constituents of enzymes, hormones,
vitamins Combine w/ other chemicals (calcium
phosphate in bone, heme blood) Critical for certain processes (muscle
contraction)
![Page 18: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Minerals Naturally occurring Supplementation unnecessary
(except Ca, Fe) Excess can be toxic
![Page 19: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Roles of MineralsStructure (bones/teeth)Function:
- heart rhythm- muscle contraction- neural conductivity- acid-base balance
![Page 20: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Roles of MineralsRegulation Cell metabolism
(enzymes/hormones)
Balance catabolism/metabolism electrolytes
![Page 21: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Calcium Osteoporosis :
- less bone density to start- reduced intake teenage years- activity- estrogen / menopause
Other factors: smoking, alcohol abuse
![Page 22: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Prevention Ca++ supplementation Vitamin D availability Estrogen therapy W/b activities (consistent) Avoid excessive meat, salt, coffee,
alcohol
![Page 23: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prevention
20 amenorrhea estrogen
![Page 24: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Phosporus
Provides rigidity to bones & teeth Essential to ATP, CP Combines w/ lipids plasma
membrane Buffer acids produced 20 heavy
exercise
![Page 25: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
MagnesiumInvolved in: anabolism of serum glucose
liver/muscle glycogen catabolism of glucose, fatty acids,
AA anabolism of lipids & proteins nerve conduction and muscle
action
![Page 26: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Iron Found in:
- hemoglobin- myoglobin- cytochromes
![Page 27: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Iron-deficiency anemia hemoglobin conc. Sluggishness Loss of appetite Reduced capacity for exercise Common in
![Page 28: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Iron-deficiency anemia in Females Pregnancy
Menstruation
Vegetarian diet- animal Fe more readily absorbed
![Page 29: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Iron RDAAge Iron (mg)
Children 1 – 10 10Males 11 – 18 12
19 10Females 11 – 50 15
51 10Pregnant 30Lactating 15
![Page 30: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Exercise-Induced Anemia? Loss of iron thru:
- Perspiration- Urine 20 RBC destruction & temp.- Spleen activity- Mechanical RBC destruction
Probably minimal
![Page 31: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Supplementation? Hematological work-up Accumulate to toxic level and
contribute to: Liver disease DM Heart damage / CAD Joint damage
![Page 32: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Electrolytes Na+ - blood plasma/extracellular
Cl- - blood plasma/extracellular
K++ - chief intracellular
![Page 33: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Na+ and Cl- Modulate fluid exchange
Regulate exchange of nutrients and wastes between cell and external medium
![Page 34: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Na+ and K++ Establish electrical gradient across
cell membranes for: Nerve impulses Muscle contraction Gland function
![Page 35: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Na+ induced HTN 1/3 of individuals w/ HTN
Typical diet exceeds RDA by 10x
Not always the problem
![Page 36: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
Minerals & Exercise Excessive loss Impair heat tolerance &
performance Cramps Exhaustion Heat stroke
![Page 37: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Minerals & Exercise
Good diet
Glass of OJ replaces Ca, K, Mg lost in 3 L of perspiration
Supplementation
![Page 38: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Water 40 – 60% of body mass
65 – 75% of muscle
50% of body fat
![Page 39: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Water 62% extracellular
38% intracellular
![Page 40: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Functions of Water Transport and reactive medium
- diffusion of gases- transportation of nutrients,
gases, & wastes Heat-stabilizing Lubricates joints Structure & form
![Page 41: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
Water RegulationInput (ml) Outpu
t(ml)
Food 1000
Urine 1250
Fluids 1200
Feces 100
Metabolism
350 Skin 850
Lungs 350Total 255
0Total 2550
![Page 42: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Water Regulation in Hot Weather during ExerciseInput (ml) Outpu
t(ml)
Food 1000 Urine 500Fluids 1200 Feces 100Metabolism
350 Skin 5000
Lungs 700Total 2550 Total 6300
![Page 43: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Water and Exercise 100% relative humidity
- evaporation impossible- loss of cooling mechanism
No humidity- optimum cooling- excessive fluid loss plasma volume circulatory strain
![Page 44: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
Assessing Fluid Loss Accurate body weight pre- and
post-exercise
1 lb. BW = 450 mL (15 oz.) dehydration
![Page 45: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Hyponatremia Water intoxication 20:
Loss of electrolytes (Na+)
Large ingestion of water
![Page 46: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Hyponatremia Dilution of extracellular Na+
Headache, confusion, malaise, nausea, cramping, coma, pulmonary edema, death
![Page 47: Nutrition II](https://reader036.vdocuments.mx/reader036/viewer/2022062520/568160d8550346895dd00a30/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
Hyponatremia Usually during prolonged exercise
Do not consume > 1 L / hr.
Include some Na+
Include glucose facilitate glucose-sodium transport