Welcome to the Presentation of Plasma Based HNO3 Manufacturing Plant We thankful to authority for offering opportunity to Present our NewPLAMA Based !echnology Products"HNO3 Manufacturing HNO3 Manufacturing Plant based on Plasma Plant based on Plasma Technology in DetailsTechnology in DetailsDue to rapid change in Due to rapid change in technology, the correct design technology, the correct design of all steps of the process & of all steps of the process & last application last application of Cold Plasma of Cold Plasma Technology,Technology, VVX can offer a VVX can offer a complete plant ECO-F!E"D#$ complete plant ECO-F!E"D#$ and Energy sa%ing, totally and Energy sa%ing, totally po&ered &ith green energy, so po&ered &ith green energy, so the final Production cost is lo&'the final Production cost is lo&' INTRODUCTOR R!PORTThe Nitric "cid can be #roduced by 3 $ays %#$tarting %y odium Nitrate &'hile Nitrate( that is a natural mineral")$tarting from Air"&ir'eland(!yde process"3$tarting from Ammonia" Ost$ald process * followings" )Currently used in manufacturing*!he #+ and )+ method ha,e %een a%andoned for a lot of reasons"

PE(E"TPE(E"TThe Available Techniqueis considered the The Available Techniqueis considered the O(T)*#D processO(T)*#D process and its variants.and its variants.*t the moment all plants for the production *t the moment all plants for the production of nitric acid are currently +ased on the of nitric acid are currently +ased on the same +asic chemical operations, de%eloped same +asic chemical operations, de%eloped on original process calledon original process called O(T)*#D, O(T)*#D, which which includes: includes: Oxidation of ammonia with air to give nitric oxide.Oxidation of ammonia with air to give nitric oxide. Oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide Oxidation of the nitric oxide to nitrogen dioxide and absorption in water to give asolution of and absorption in water to give asolution of nitric acid.nitric acid.The first step reactionis carried out The first step reactionis carried out atlow pressure whereas the second atlow pressure whereas the second step is at high pressure. step is at high pressure. These These considerations, com+ined &ith considerations, com+ined &ith economic reasons gi%e rise to economic reasons gi%e rise to t&o types of nitric acid plantt&o types of nitric acid plant, , ingle pressure plants ingle pressure plants and and Dual Dual pressure plants'pressure plants'!n the single pressure plant, the o,idation !n the single pressure plant, the o,idation and a+sorption steps ta-e place at the and a+sorption steps ta-e place at the same pressure' !n dual pressure plants same pressure' !n dual pressure plants a+sorption ta-es place at a higher a+sorption ta-es place at a higher pressure than the o,idation stage'pressure than the o,idation stage'The oxidation and absorption steps can be classified The oxidation and absorption steps can be classified as:!as:! "ow pressure #pressure below $.%bar&"ow pressure #pressure below $.%bar& 'edium pressure #pressure between $.% and 'edium pressure #pressure between $.% and (.)bar&(.)bar& *igh pressure #pressure between (.) and $+bar&*igh pressure #pressure between (.) and $+bar&The main unit operations involved in the nitric The main unit operations involved in the nitric acid process is same for all t,pes of plant and in acid process is same for all t,pes of plant and in sequential order these are:!sequential order these are:!Air filtration.Air filtration.Air compression.Air compression.Air-ammonia mixing.Air-ammonia mixing.Air-ammonia oxidation over catal,tic gau.es.Air-ammonia oxidation over catal,tic gau.es./nerg, recover, b, steam generation and-or/nerg, recover, b, steam generation and-or

gas re!heating, 0as cooling.gas re!heating, 0as cooling..as compression, energy reco%ery .as compression, energy reco%ery and cooling /dual pressure plants and cooling /dual pressure plants only0'only0'Absorptionwith the production of nitric Absorptionwith the production of nitric acid.acid.1aste gas #tail gas& heating.1aste gas #tail gas& heating./nerg, recover, b, expansion of the/nerg, recover, b, expansion of the

waste gas to atmosphere, in a gas waste gas to atmosphere, in a gas turbine.turbine.

The pro+lems and disad%antages of The pro+lems and disad%antages of this, O(T)*#D process are 1this, O(T)*#D process are 1The use of Ammonia as a raw material, The use of Ammonia as a raw material, that have a cost and is dangerous.that have a cost and is dangerous.E,plosion E,plosion ris2 in ever, step of line for ris2 in ever, step of line for formation of Ammoniaexplosive mix.formation of Ammoniaexplosive mix.E,plosionE,plosion ris2 in absorbing column for ris2 in absorbing column for formation of 3itrous-3itric explosive mix.formation of 3itrous-3itric explosive mix.Toxic ris2 for handling and storage of Ammonia.Toxic ris2 for handling and storage of Ammonia."iquid waste to treat from boiler and heat "iquid waste to treat from boiler and heat exchanger.exchanger.olid waste as salt from boiler, from condensing olid waste as salt from boiler, from condensing tower and catal,st.tower and catal,st.0as emission as 3Ox between 455 to +)55 ppmv 0as emission as 3Ox between 455 to +)55 ppmv to treat.to treat.6recious catal,st loss #6latinum!7hodium& 6recious catal,st loss #6latinum!7hodium& around 5.4 to 5.4) gm- T of *3O+.around 5.4 to 5.4) gm- T of *3O+.*igh temperature in line, until 8955 :;.*igh temperature in line, until 8955 :;.*igh pressure in line, until $+ in water. ?f need more concentrated acid is necessar, a more concentrated acid is necessar, a @inal step with ulphuric Acid.@inal step with ulphuric Acid.Ase of equipments expensive and need for Ase of equipments expensive and need for careful monitoring. careful monitoring.

O#D Plasma Technology Process1O#D Plasma Technology Process1TheA?7 have around 4$> of Ox,gen and %B> TheA?7 have around 4$> of Ox,gen and %B> of 3itrogen plus a ver, little other gas as ;arbon of 3itrogen plus a ver, little other gas as ;arbon Cioxide and others.Cioxide and others.At the beginning of Dear $955 the production of At the beginning of Dear $955 the production of nitric acid was also made with thisprocess nitric acid was also made with thisprocess 2nown as 2nown as 2ir-eland-Eyde2ir-eland-Eyde or arch, from ox,gen or arch, from ox,gen and atmospheric nitrogen.and atmospheric nitrogen. -This #rocess has been abandoned for anumber of reasons that did not meet the demand of the industry+ including%A . !echnological difficulty in past time toha,e the right components as pumps/ spray no00le/ corrosion resistantmaterials and others"B . High consumption of electricity * operating cost"

The "e& Plasma Technology processThe "e& Plasma Technology process

3igh Voltage !onisation3igh Voltage !onisation$& 34 8 4O4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 43O4 gas$& 34 8 4O4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 43O4 gas

1et 7eactor1et 7eactor4& +3O4 8 *4O !!!E 4*3O+ 8 3O4& +3O4 8 *4O !!!E 4*3O+ 8 3O

liquid 8 gas #Antreated& liquid 8 gas #Antreated&

ecirculation &ith3igh Voltage ecirculation &ith3igh Voltage !onisation&Cold Plasma!onisation&Cold Plasma+& 43O 8 O4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 43O4gas+& 43O 8 O4 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 43O4gas

1et 7eactor1et 7eactor=& 43O4 8 4*45 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 4*3O+ =& 43O4 8 4*45 !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!E 4*3O+

@inal 6roduct liquid@inal 6roduct liquidThe 34 gas added with O4 gas go in first step The 34 gas added with O4 gas go in first step where cross a special*igh Foltage7eactor.where cross a special*igh Foltage7eactor.?n this reactor the 34 react with O4 to form ?n this reactor the 34 react with O4 to form

3O 8 3O4 G 3Ox 3O 8 3O4 G 3Ox #reaction $& #reaction $&The Air is filtered to remove dust and The Air is filtered to remove dust and other materials and blowers in the other materials and blowers in the first step where air enters into a first step where air enters into a special FFHIs ;old6lasma 7eactor.special FFHIs ;old6lasma 7eactor.?n this reactor the 34 react with O4 ?n this reactor the 34 react with O4 to form to form

3O 8 3O4 G 3Ox #reaction $&3O 8 3O4 G 3Ox #reaction $&The 3Ox cross a special wet reactor in The 3Ox cross a special wet reactor in which it is contactedwith a diffuses fog which it is contactedwith a diffuses fog water.water.The onl, 3O4 in 3Ox react with water to The onl, 3O4 in 3Ox react with water to form 3itric Acid #reactions 4&.form 3itric Acid #reactions 4&.The partially unreacted "O return to The partially unreacted "O return to Cold plasma reactor to complete the Cold plasma reactor to complete the reaction into "O4 / reaction 50'reaction into "O4 / reaction 50'The unreacted 3O and the excess 34 goes The unreacted 3O and the excess 34 goes to1aste Air Treatment 6lant b, second to1aste Air Treatment 6lant b, second blowers.blowers.The 3itric Acid produced is drained as a The 3itric Acid produced is drained as a liquidfrom wet reactor and go in some liquidfrom wet reactor and go in some tan2s for storage.tan2s for storage.The &ater need for reactions can +e The &ater need for reactions can +e ta-en from ri%er, la-e or &ell and is ta-en from ri%er, la-e or &ell and is treated to remo%e the pollutantstreated to remo%e the pollutants..@inall, this water cross a deionising plant @inall, this water cross a deionising plant to Osmosis or 7esin before to go to fog to Osmosis or 7esin before to go to fog no..le inside the wet reactor.no..le inside the wet reactor.The 1aste Air Treatment 6lant is foresee The 1aste Air Treatment 6lant is foresee to