next generation cable networks hfc technology evolution · next generation cable networks hfc...

Maciej MuzalewskiCTO

Next Generation Cable Networks HFC Technology Evolution

Confidential and Proprietary

Digital subscribers


Impact of new services on network capacity growth

Mbit/s

time

4k/8kTV


Network evolution

Challenge

„Managing exponential High Speed Data Growth and the migration to IP Video will be the biggest MSOs’

challenges in the decade”


200 Mbps

Max

DS

Per

mitt

ed B

andw

idth

for

Mod

ems

(bps

)

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

1

10

100

1k

2002 2006

10k

100k

1M

10M

100M

1G

2010Year

2014

10G

100G

2018

The Era ofDOCSIS 3.0

Channel Bonding

12 Mbps

The past 25-years show a constantbandwidth increase of ~1.5x every year...

~85 Gbps?

128 kbps

256 kbps512 kbps

1 Mbps5 Mbps

The Era ofDOCSIS 1.0-2.0

2.4 kbps

300 bps

56 kbps

1.2 kbps

9.6 kbps14.4 kbps

28 kbps33 kbps

The Era ofDial-Up

Modems

50 Mbps

5

2022

Avg

DS

Ban

dwid

th fo

r S

ingl

e M

odem

((b

ps)

1982 1986 1990 1994 1998

1

10

100

1k

2002 2006

10k

100k

1M

10M

100M

1G

2010Year

2014

10G

100G

2018

Assume that DS Tavg is 220 kbps in2010 and grows by 1.5x per year

~731 Mbps?

2022

5 Gbps DS Limit 5 Gbps DS Limit

Max. Data Service Tier Offering Downstream Avg. Downstream Traffic BW per Sub

2026 2030 2026 2030

2022-2023

Next GenFTTH

Downstream Bandwidth Trends

The Era ofDOCSIS 3.1


Trends and drivers for Next Generation Networks

� Bandwidth growth demand will stay unchanged until „2020 +”. It’ll force cable operators for major technology change within the timeframe of 10 years.

� NGN need to ensure throughput 10Gbps in order to compete with FTTH in more cost effective way.� HFC technology will dominate the cable operators' investments in network upgrades

(Brownfields)

� Greenfield Areas will be implemented in alternative technologies (eg. xPON)

� Operators will increase throughput by using different tools � Network segmentation

� Shift to IP Video � Higher spectral efficiency methods

� Bandsplit changes

� DOCSIS 3.1 !!!


DOCSIS 3.1 – Technical Objectives

1. Higher capacity (+10Gb/s DS, +1Gb/s US)- Low Density Parity Check FEC

- More effective modulation schemes - Bandwidth extension

- High DS/US frequency split

2. Cost/bit reduction - OFDM modulation in DS and in US

3. Effective migration strategy- Backward compatibility

4. Operation on existing HFC network- Can operate (with limited capacity) with zero network investment


DOCSIS 3.1 - Speed

1) Source: John Chapman presentation, DOCSIS 3.1 Engineering Symposium, Atlanta, 2013


DOCSIS 3.1 – So what’s new ?

Improved Physical Layer� OFDM� 24 to 192 MHz bandwidth, windowing, carrier nulling� New QAM constellations – up to 4096-QAM ( 16-k QAM ) � Mixed constellations – 512/1024, 1024/2048, 2048/4096� Multiple Profile Configurations� Time Interleaving – Burst Protection� Frequency Interleaving – Ingress Protection� Continual Pilots - frequency/timing synchronisation� Scattered Pilots - equalisation of channel freq. response, MER� Physical Layer Signaling Channel – in-band, 1 Mb/s data� New FEC – Low Density Parity Check – highest performing codes (8/9)� ….and many more features.


OFDM

� Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing� Radical departure from single carrier QAM of D3.0 � Quadrature Amplitude Modulation of a set of 4k/8k orthogonal carriers

overlapping in time


Why OFDM for DOCSIS 3.1 ?

� Hardware efficiency� Tolerance to interference from other signals

• Few carriers impacted ( identified and compensated )

� Spectral efficiency through bit-loading• Subcarrier constellation based on subcarrier MER

� Flexible modulation • Different modullation profiles for different cable modems

� Better spectrum utilization• Carriers up to edge of channel through transmit windows

� Frequency agility • Legacy channels within OFDM by carrier nulling


DOCSIS 3.1 OFDM Spectrum


DOCSIS 3.1 to Maximize Network Capacity

512 QAM8/9

~29 dB

2048 QAM8/9

~34 dB

4096 QAM8/9

~37 dB

8192 QAM8/9

~40 dB

16384 QAM8/9

~43 dB

1024 QAM8/9

~32 dB

RecomendedModulation Formats for DOCSIS 3.1

DOCSIS 3.1 to Maximize Network b/s / Hz1) Higher Order Modulation 2) Modern FEC 3) Mul tiple Modulation Profiles 4) Backward Compatibili ty

Source: M.Emmendorfer, ARRIS „The Evolution of Cable Acces Technologies..”, SCTE Cable-Tec EXPO 2013, Atlanta

Euro DOCSIS

DOCSIS

256 QAM ~32dB Lost gain in b/s / Hz

256 QAM ~30dB Lost Gain in b/s / Hz

Upstream up-grade scenario


Today1 – step

DOCSIS 3.12 – step

SNR improvement

RF Technology

DOCSIS 2.0 ATDMA

DOCSIS 3.1 OFDMA

DOCSIS 3.1 OFDMA

FEC Reed -Solomon

LDPC LDPC

Modulation Format

64 QAM 512 QAM 4096 QAM

Spectrum Efficiency

6 b/s / Hz 9 b/s / Hz 12 b/s / Hz

Gain in Capacity

100% 150%(+ 50%)

200%( + 33%)

Milestones for DOCSIS 3.1 implementation

HFC upgradeHFC segmentation 500 -> 250 HP/ONBandsplit 65MHz/1GHzShort amplifier cascades

HFC upgradeHFC segmentation 500 -> 250 HP/ONBandsplit 65MHz/1GHzShort amplifier cascades

2013 2015 2020 2025

Major change >2020

1GHz Downstream becomes to be critical limitation

1.Network upgrade> 1GHz – just N+0

2.Distributed CCAP with full D3.1 spectrum

3.EoC

4.FTTH

Upgrades 2015-2020

Deep network segmentation 250-64HP/ON

Bandsplit 85-200MHz/1GHz,

N+0 ..2 coax architecture

Upgrades 2015-2020

Deep network segmentation 250-64HP/ON

Bandsplit 85-200MHz/1GHz,

N+0 ..2 coax architecture

Source: Cablelabs 2013

DOCSIS 3.1 roadmap

Expanded DS&US

2020+

Deployments in existing

freq.


Next Generation Cable Access NetworkArchitecture Options


I-CM

TS

or I-CC

AP

Edge Q

AM

CC

AP

with R

emote

Lower P

HY

M-C

MT

S

RemotePMD

CC

AP

with R

emote

Lower P

HY

CC

AP

M

AC

Core

Rem

ote CC

AP

Rem

oteA

ccess Shelf

M-CCAPPacket Shelf

Rem

ote PH

YRem

oteLow

er PH

YPhysical Medium Dependent (PMD) - DAC

Lower PHYOFDM generation

Upper PHYFEC & Bit Interleave

Data Slice & Frame Builder

DOCSIS Lower MAC

DOCSIS Upper MAC

Downstream DOCSIS Functions Centralized AccessArchitectures Distributed Access Architectures


Next Gen FTTH Era



HFC Network Evolution in Europe

� Network segmentation� More optical nodes deeper in the network (50-150 HP / Node)

� Fiber deep architecture (mainly N+0 or N+1, N+2)

� In the perspective of 2020+ the amount of HE Tx/Rx will increase >5x

� Bandwidth up-grades � Requirements for ≥1GHz / 200 MHz for 10+ years from now

� Again massive up-grades of nodes and amplifiers

� First DOCSIS 3.1 implementations in 2015 � Initially within existing frequency bandwidth

� New requirements when DOCSIS 3.1 subscribers reach critical mass

� In ~2017-2022 we may expect new requirements for US / DS� probably only possible for N+0 architecture

� MSO’s will continue implementation of FTTH / RFoG for new builds � Evolution not the revolution !

VECTOR’s strategic directions Infrastructure products portfolio

� Short term� Keep current product portfolio competitive

� Mid-term � Continue development of RFoG solutions

� Provide complete and the most competetive optical platform available on the market, to improve network performance and operational cost.

� Introduce return channel solution supporting wide frequency range ≥200MHz and improved network performance

� Long-term� Expand into Distributed Access Architecture technology


[email protected]

Thank you for your attention !


next generation cable networks hfc technology evolution · next generation cable networks hfc...

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