Muscular System (Chapters 9 and 10)Function- transforms chemical energy (_____) into _______________energy, so that the muscles are capable of exerting a ________.

Muscle Overview• Muscle functions:

1. _______________ _______________ - voluntary and involuntary

2. _______________ _______________ - working against gravity

3. _______________ and _______________ joints to avoid damage

4. Generating __________through movement

Muscle Overview• Functional characteristics of Muscle:

1. _______________ response to a stimulus2. _______________ shorten when

adequately stimulated3. _______________ ability to be stretched or

extended (even beyond their resting length)4. _______________ the ability of a muscle

fiber to recoil and resume its resting length after being stretched

Muscle Overview• Muscle fibers/ _______________ :– formed from the fusion of _______________

(_______________ cell that gives rise to muscle cells)

– long, _______________, _______________ cells

– Contain _______________ / myofibers called ______ and _________ that are responsible for muscle contraction.

Skeletal Muscle• Attach to and _______the

_______________• Have the _______________ of the muscle

types• _______________ stripes along the

muscle tissue• Can be controlled _______________

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross

• _______________– connective tissue covering that surrounds the muscle.

• _______________– Connective tissue that joins bones to muscles.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross

• _______________ : connective tissue covering that surrounds the fascicle

• _______________ : bundle of muscle fibers• __________and ___________supply is present so the

muscles can react to stimulus and receive proper _____________ to function and receive energy.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross• Attachments:– Most span __________ and

attach to bones in at least ___ locations.

– _______________ muscle attachment in which moves toward the ____________ bone

– _______________ muscle attachment that moves toward the ____________ or less ____________ bone.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Gross• Ways muscle attach:– __________- the

____________ of the muscle is fused to the ____________ of a bone of perichondrium of a cartilage (ex. __________).

– ___________- the muscle’s connective tissue wrappings extend beyond the muscle as a ropelike ____________ ; common (ex. __________ ).

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular• ____________ ________ is the muscle cell.• Long and ____________ cells• ____________, because of ____________

cells• Because of the ____________ of cells, the

names of certain structures are different, but the primary ____________ is the same.

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular

• One muscle fiber• ____________ : connective tissue

covering that surrounds the fiber

Skeletal Muscle Structure- Cellular

• ____________ : plasma membrane; below this are ____________ and ____________

• ____________ : cytoplasm of the muscle fibers; contains large amounts of ____________ (stored ____________ )

• ____________ ____________ : endoplasmic reticulum; releases ____________ ions during contraction and absorbs them during relaxation.

• ____________ : red pigment that stores ____________ within the protein.• Look at myofibrils (next slide)

Endomysium

Cellular structure of a muscle

• ____________ : (bundles of ____________ ) Contain the ____________ elements of the muscle cell.

• ____________ : a repeating series of ____________ ____________ ____________ ____________ bands.

Sarcomere (a segment of myofibril)

• ____________(area between 2 Z disks) made of:1 ____________ Thick ____________ protein; have a light H zone present when relaxed and is bisected by an M line.2. I band- Thin Actin protein

Myofilament

• The ____________ of the thin past the thick produces muscle ____________ (____________ )

actin

myosin

fascicle

Muscle cell

Myofilament

Muscle Contraction and Relaxation

Muscle Contraction• The ____________ ____________ has a high concentration of

____________ ions ( ______ )• A muscle ______ sent to the sarcoplasmic reticulum causes the

membrane to release ______ • The presence of ______ allows links to be formed between

______ (______ ) and ______ (______ )• Thick filaments have a ______ head which attach to the ______

on the thin filament.• These linkages are called ______ ______ .• ______ ______ attach to microtubules at each A and I band

junction forming an elongated tube; can conduct impulses to the deepest parts of the tissue signal for the release of ______ .