12 JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

perience, and capital that could, ff mobilized, enable Western Europe to compete effective- ly in world markets and profoundly influence world trade, including dairy products, cereal grains, and meat.

The plans Common Market Countries had before them ranged from developing a com- munity-wide wage policy to the imposing con- cept of the United States of Europe.

There was a realistic recognition that it might take years, even decades, to fulfill their dreams and that, furthermore, each member country would be importing into the European Community its national problems.

Travel Gap Caused by U.S. Citizens

The U.S. travel gap which is the difference between the amount of money U.S. citizens pay for foreign services in traveling abroad and the amount of money that traveling citizens from other countries pay for services in the U.S., reached an all-time high of $2.7 billion in 1971.

In 1960, U.S. foreign travel expenditures were $1.7 billion, and $.5 billion was paid to foreign carriers for transportation, totaling $2.2 billion in U.S. "imports" of foreign services. In 1971, U.S. travelers spent $4.3 billion in foreign countries and paid $1.3 billion to for- eign carriers. That is an increase of more than $3 billion in "imports" in slightly more than a decade. Total U.S. income from foreigners in- creased from $1 billion in 1960 to $2.9 billion in 1971, resulting in widening the U.S. travel gap of from $1.2 billion to $2.7 billion over the 11 years.

The Federal Reserve Bank's press release states that it now appears the 1972 U.S. travel deficit will be the largest on record. It is estimated that 3.5 to 4 million U.S. citizens traveled to Europe in 1972. Two factors may determine future amount of the travel deficit: one, the reduced value of the dollar, making foreign travel more expensive for Americans; and two, lower overseas passenger fares for many people will be an important consider- ation in planning trips abroad. Will there ever be a standoff between the two that will help stabilize the deficit? Only time will tell.

In 8 of the last 12 years, the U.S. travel account, traditionally in the red, had a deficit equal to more than 50% of the total U.S. balance-of-payments deficit. And in two of those eight years, the travel account deficit was greater than the nation's total international deficit.

Travel Arrangements Announced for World Conference

The Third World Conference on Animal Production will be held in Melbourne, Australia, May 22-30, 1973. All members and their families in North America planning to at- tend should contact Irvine's Travel Service, 127 Northwestern Avenue, West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, the official travel service for the American Dairy Science Association and the American Society of Animal Science. This travel service has arranged for very reasonable air travel rates providing that all ground and air arrangements for individual itineraries are made through this firm.

Interested members should write directly to this service so they can arrange for pre-con- ference and post-conference tours, travel reser- vations, and reservations for the World Con- ference.

Members should refer to Page 8, Journal of Dairy Science, February 1972, for further de- tails.

All short contributions submitted by May 1, 1972 were considered by the Australian Or- ganizing Committee of the Australian Society of Animal Production for presentation.

Individual schedules will be arranged promptly by Irvine's Travel Service. Only in- ternational regularly scheduled flights will be used. It is suggested that their extensive ex- perience with world-wide travel be utilized.

P u b l i c a t i o n s . . . Multiple Publication: Statement by the

Committee on Editorial Policy Lois DeBakey 1, Chairman

Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77025

Editors of many journals in the life sciences prefer not to accept material whose substance has already been published, has been ac- cepted, or is being considered for publication elsewhere. Review articles are an exception to this editorial principle. The multiplicity of forms in which biologic, and especially bio- medical material may be printed, however, makes a categorical definition of "already pub- lished" difficult. In addition, the circum- stances of any apparent prior publication must be taken into account, especially since authors do not always have complete control over the publication of their data or concepts. Despite these complexities, the following general wgwgwgwhidelines may be useful to editors in deciding

ether or not the contents of a manuscript should be classified as "already published".

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE VOL. 55, NO. 12

JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 13

I. Classification of an article as "already published" is warranted if it has appeared in a general or specialty journal, whether basic, applied or clinical.

2. Classification of submitted material as "already published" is not warranted by pre- vious publication of:

a) an abstract of a paper presented, or offered for presentation, at a formal meeting, or

b) a report issued by requirement of a governmental agency or comparable institution.

3. Classification of material requires indi- vidual consideration when it has appeared in other forms of publication such as" mono- graphs; editorials; letters to the editor in scien- tifie publications; preliminary notes; or such unreviewed publications as widely distributed proceedings of societies, meetings, and con- ferences, and reports in scientific and medical news media. The following criteria may be helpful to editors in classifying such material a s "already published":

a) the manuscript adds no basic concept or important new information (in- eluding tables and figures) to materi- al that has appeared in one of the forms or media listed;

b) the eircumstances suggest that the prior publication in a news medium was actively promoted by the au- thor(s).

Note: A two-page discussion followed for which space could not be justified. Editor-In- Chief.

Animal Oriented Book Published by Iowa State University

The first man who carried an orphaned dog home from the wilds, fed and tamed it, began a long process of domestication and breeding that has resulted in the specialized animals used today for the production of food, fiber, work, and pleasure.

The history, development, results of selec- tive breeding, and present contribution of such animals are discussed in the book.

Animals in the American Economy written by John A. Sims, Iowa State University Pro-

1This statement was released October, 1979.. Other members of the committee are: Lise B1 T, L. Leon Campbell, PauI F. Cranefield, Karl F. Heumarm, Franz J. Ingelfinger, F. Peter Wood- ford. Publication: Conference of Biological Edi- tors News Letter for November 1972.

lessor of Animal Science and Dairy Science, and by the late Leslie E. Johnson, head of the University AnimaI Science Department until his death, this animal-oriented book provides a broad appreciation of and familiarity with do- mesticated species of the Western Hemisphere. It analyzes the diversity of types, breeds and varieties within those species which play an important role in the econemy of the Ameri- cas. It emphasizes the goals and pressures which have brought them to their present status and which subject them to continuing adaptation and change.

Animals in the American Economy includes significant information on cattle, swine, sheep, goats, horses, ponies and asses, poultry, dogs and eats, small stock, fur animals, Arctic live- stock, and llamas and alpacas. Pictures of specimens of each of the major breeds are also included.

AIong with a discussion of numbers and dis- tribution, introduction and development, and improvement methods, the important per- formance characteristics and other breed data are concisely tabulated for easy comparisons. Present and potential contributions to human welfare are uppermost considerations through- out.

Animals in the American Economy should be of special interest to agricultural teachers and students, breed associations, veterinarians, livestock producers, and those involved in artificial insemination practices for breed im- provement. It is available at $7.50 from book- stores or from the Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa 50010.

Mastitis Bulletin Available from USDA

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Bulle- tin 2253 entitled: What You Can Do About Bovine Mastitis, is highly recommended for dairy farmers, county agents, extension agents and all others interested in controlling and eliminating mastitis - a disease that markedly affects the economies of milk production.

The USDA bulletin describes the diagnosis of mastitis, including strip cup technique, physical examination and the California Mastitis Test. Examples of mastitis test reac- tions and other photographs are reproduced in color.

This bulletin is for sale by the Superin- tendent of Documents, U.S. Government Print- ing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. The price per copy is 25 cents.

JOU'RNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE VOL, 53, NO. 12

14 ]OURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

Conferences... National Mastitis Meeting Moved South

The 12th Annual Meeting of the National Mastitis Council will be held February 6-7, 1973, at the Executive Inn, Louisville, Ken- tucky.

An excellent program will feature timely subjects with competent speakers requested by popular demand.

Dr. F. H. Dodd h-om the National Institute for Research in Dairying, Reading, England, leader of the mastitis team at that Institute, will discuss the Strategy of Mastitis Control. He is recognized as an international authority on animal health. He will also present up-to- date information on a mastitis control system, prevention, and elimination of infection.

Lloyd P. Duncan, Zero Manufacturing Com- pany, prominent in the milking machine indus- try, will discuss concepts of machine milking in the future. Automated milking systems will be discussed.

Dr. W. Nelson Philpot, Louisiana State University, will review the latest mastitis re- search publications.

A panel on coliform mastitis will be pre- sented by Dr. D. E. Jasper, University of Cali- fornia, Dr. R. J. Eberhart, Pennsylvania State University, and Dr. Ben D. Harrington, Raleigh, North Carolina.

Dr. Dodd, Dr. Harrington, and Dr. R. B. Bushnell, University of California, will conduct a symposium on how to approach the problem herd.

Papers presented at the annual meeting will be published and the cost will be $4 per copy.

Pre-registration is urged. The fee is $15 which includes the luncheon on February 6 and a copy of the proceedings. Mail registra- tions to: National Mastitis Council, Inc., 910 17th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006.

Mail hotel requests directly to: Executive Inn, Louisville, Kentucky 40213.

California Conference on Biological Controls: Alternatives to Pesticides

For layman and professional alike, this two- day, weekend program explores alternatives to environmentally damaging broad-spectrum chemical insecticides with scientists engaged in both current research and practical work in the field.

January 27, 9 AM to 5 PM Resistance of Pests to Pesticides. Dr. G. P. Georghiou. JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE VOL. 55, NO. 12

Microorganisms as Biological Controls. Dr. I. M. Hall, Jr. Propagation of Beneficial Insects and Mites for Pest Management. Dr. E. J. Dietrick. Predatory or Parasitic Organisms in Biological Control. Dr. R. L. Doutt.

January 28, 9 AM to 5 PM Mosquito-Eating Fish as Biological Control Agents. Dr. E. E. Legner. Integration of Diseases of Insects Into Pest Management Programs. Dr. L. A. Falcon Habitat Management of Pests. Dr. V. M. Stem. Integrated Pest Control. Dr. H. T. Reynolds.

Speakers will be from the campuses at Berkeley and Riverside, California. The confer- ence will be in Room 4000, Mathematical Sciences Building, Riverside Campus. The fees will be $25 for the noncredit lecture series and $40 for 2 units of credit in biology.

For enrollment details write: Biological Sciences and Natural Environment, P.O. Box 24902, 6105 Math-Sciences Bldg., University Extension, UCLA, Los Angeles 90024 or phone (213) 829-3839 or 825-3921.

Interstate Milk Shipments Group to Hold Conference in May

The recently reorganized National Con- ference on Interstate Milk Shipments will con- vene its 1973 meeting in Des Moines, Iowa, May 20-24.

The Conference will consider proposals to improve sanitation and reciprocity agreements for the movement of fluid milk and milk products among states. The Conference, or- ganized in 1950, holds an annual meeting every two years.

Attendance at sessions is open to any inter- ested person. Individuals in government, pri- vate industry, or otherwise interested in the work of the Conference are encouraged to sub- mit proposed subjects for discussion and to personally attend and participate.

All inquiries and suggestions should be di- rected to John F. Speer, Milk Industry Foun- dation, 910 17th Street, N.W., Washingtcn, D.C. 20006

Water Quality Conference Scheduled at Illinois

Organic Matter in Water Supplies: Oc- currence, Significance and Control, is the title of the 15th Water Quality Conference to be held in Champaign, Illinois February 7-8, 1973.

The conference is planned for engineers

JOUItNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE 15

and scientists in education, government, in- dustry and in private practice, and for water and wastewater works managers and opera- tors.

The American Water Works Association, the Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, and the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Illinois, are joint sponsors.

Further information may be obtained from Professor V. L. Snoeyink, 3230 Civil Engineer- ing Building, University of Illinois Urbana 6180I.

Food Technologists to Meet in Miami Beach

The 33rd Annual Meeting of the Institute of Food Technologists will be held June 10- 13, 1973, at Miami Beach, Florida, in Conven- tion Hall where approximately 200 papers will be presented by scientists.

More than 5,000 food scientists and teeh- nolo~sts are expected to attend technical, or- ganizational and other functions including the Institutes Food Expo, a technical exhibit for food professionals affiliated with industry, edu- cation, research, and government.

The Hotel Fontainebleau will be headquar- ters for the meeting.

The Institute of Food Technologists, or- ganized in 1939, is an international profession- al society of more than 11,000 members and is located in Chicago at 221 North La Salle Street.

Industry Developments.. Federal Water Pollution Control Act

Becomes Law

The Federal "Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 will have a dramatic im- pact upon the dairy industry, which enters a new era of regulation.

Those plants presently discharging wastes into open streams or navigable waters are faced with a new set of effluent limitations which will require not only good prevention practices within the dairy plant but also a well operated waste treatment facilitv.

Those dairy plants using municipal systems are faced with a certainty of additional user charges when a municipality seeks a Federal Grant; in addition, such dairy plants will un- doubtedly have to establish new monitoring and analytical systems and may even be faced with the probability of installing pretreat- ment facilities to make the waste acceptable for the municipal svstems.

The Evaporated Milk Association is monitor- ing all these developments through the Dairy Industry Committee Task Force on Environ- mental'Problems. The work of this dedicated group of dairy leaders takes on additional im- portance as attempts are made to be cer- tain that the guidelines and limitations adopted bv the Environmental Protection Agency are realistic and in line with current industry practice and can be attained with the present technology available to the industry.

Fred J. Greiner, Executive Vice Presi- dent, Evaporated Milk Association, 910 17th Street, Washington, D.C. 20006

Cheese Sales Increase

Consumers are buying considerably more eheese in 197'2. Sales rose 117o over a year earlier during January-July 1972, nearly t~viee the 6~ annual increase of the past 4 years. Most varieties showed good gains.

Reasons for increased cheese sales are: 1. Higher meat prices have turned con-

sumers to cheese as an alternative source of protein.

2. Rising incomes have stimulated pur- chases. Research indicated a 10% rise in consumer incomes is associated with a 2 to 570 increase in cheese purchases.

3. Greater use of the food stamp program makes cheese more widely available to lower income families.

4. Increases in retail cheese prices, although up about 370, have slowed from the 670 average of the past 3 years.

5. Pizza's popularity continues, stimulating use of Italian-type cheese; demand for cheeseburgers and snacks which use processed cheese also is increasing.

6. Consumer tastes are shifting to more exotic foods using foreign type cheeses.

7. Cheese is used increasingly in other foods. And use of eheese foods and spreads and specialty cheeses has become fashionable.

In recent years, retailers have emphasized cheese display and promotion. The wide varie- ty of cheese packages and types now available is adapted to almost anv consumer taste, and has contributed to increased consumption. Im- provements in quality and uniformity have also helped eansumption.

Cheese consumption in 1971 rose 57o to 12.1 pounds per person. Both American and other varieties showed good gains with con- sumers eating 7.4 pounds of American cheese

JOURXAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE VOL. 55, NO. 12

16 JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE

and 4.7 pounds of other-than-American varie- ties.

Per capita consumption of Italian-types reached 2.3 pounds last year, 12% above 1970. The leaders among Italian varieties were Parmesan and Mozzarella. Mozzarella, with a per capita consumption of 1.4 pounds, is second to Cheddar in popularity.

Dairy and Food Expo '72 Attracts Record Crowd

Food & Dairy Expo '72 attracted more than 14,000 persons to the October 1-5 Show.

Participating in the Dairy and Food Indus- tries Supply Association-sponsored Exposition were 7,798 processors, a substantial increase over the last two shows. Exhibitors numbered 3,868, also an increase from 1970.

Visitors totaled 1,474, the most in the Ex- position's 51-year history. Visitors included educators, students, sanitarians, public health officials, editorial press representatives and nonprocessor foreign attendees.

President Roy E. Cairns, Waukesha Foun- dry Co., Waukesha, Wise., reported that at- tendance increased more than 35% above the Houston, Texas, show in 1972. Expo 1974 is scheduled for October 20-24, 1974, in the Dal- las, Texas, Memorial Auditorium and Conven- tion Center.

P R O G R A M of the

American Dairy Science Association Southern Division

February 4-7, 1973 Sheraton Biltmore Hotel, Atlanta, Georgia

This meeting is held as a part of the 70th Annual Meeting of the Association of Southern Agricultural Workers, Inc. The dairy sectional meeting will be held in the Sheraton Biltmore Hotel.

Note to Participants: In each of the meeting rooms, 2 X 2 projection equipment will be available for each session. If other projection equipment is needed, it will be the responsi- bility of the participants to furnish their own equipment.

Registration for the Southern Division, ADSA will begin at 7:30 AM, February 5, t973, at an appropriate place near the Texas Room in the Sheraton Bfltmore Hotel.

Headquarters and registration for the Asso- ciation of Southern Agricultural Workers will be in the Cabana and Quality Central lobbies of the Sheraton Biltmore Hotel. Registration fee for ASAW will include a copy of the com- JOURNAL OF DAIRY SCIENCE VOL. 55, NO. I2

plete Association's program and a copy of the entire proceedings - to be mailed at a later date. (Graduate Student Competition Papers a r e

scheduled for Monday AM)

February 4, 1973 Extension

Presiding: Barney Harris, Jr., University of Florida, Gainesville

Growing Dairy Calves

7:00-9:00 e~ Physiology of digestion in the newborn calf.

L. B. Daniels, University of Arkansas, Fay- etteville.

Formulating satisfactory milk replacers. V. W. Nielson, Milk Specialties Co., Dundee, Illi- nois.

Health programs and disease problems of re- placement calves. LaVerne Schugel, Land O'Lakes, Minneapolis, Minnesota.

Question and Answer Session Business Session

February 5, 1973 Texas Room, Sheraton Biltmore Hotel

JOINT SESSION - - PRODUCTION, MANUFACTURING AND EXTENSION

Presiding: J. N. Maddux, University of Georgia, Athens

8:00 Digestion trials on high moisture rolled milo and dry rolled milo, M. F. Flyrm*, and O. T. Stallcup, University of Arkansas, FayetteviUe.

8:15 Effect of micronizing sorghum grain on production of dairy cows, R. M. Alexander*, L. J. Bush, and G. D. Adams, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.

8:30 Effect of milk sample condition on replicate fat tests when analyzed by a Mark II Mflko-Tester, M. E. A1-Omar*, R. H. Gough, and .T.H. Gholson, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge.

8:45 Composition of Cheddar cheese whey from normal and abnormal Milk, M. L. Duffus*, H. E. Randolph, and O. D. Butler, Texas A & M University, Col- lege Station.

9:00 Measurement of tyrosine and histidine decarboxylase activity of selected dairy microorganisms and in cheese by a sensitive radioisotopie method, M. N.

*Author presenting paper