MULTIMEDIA LEARNINGTEN RESEARCH PRINCIPLESSonia Yu

TEN RESEARCH PRINCIPLES OF MULTIMEDIA LEARNING

1. Multimedia – People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone

2. Contiguity – People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented near rather than far from each other

3. Coherence – People learn better when extraneous words, pictures and sounds are excluded

4. Modality – People learn better from words and pictures when words are spoken

5. Redundancy – People learn better from animation and narration rather than animation, narration and on-screen text

6. Personalization – People learn better when words are presented in conversational style

7. Voice – People learn better from human voice

8. Signaling – People learn better when stresses are used

9. Interactivity – People learn better when they can control the pace of presentation

10. Pretraining – People learn better when they received pretraining

MULTIMEDIA

1. Shred the cabbage and put into pot.

2. Mix the cabbage and minced meat together by hand.

3. Add the balm, salt and a little tai bai fen (cornstarch/cornflour) and mix again.

4. Massage the cabbage mixture with your hand for 10 min to make it dry.

5. While you massage the mixture, if you feel that there is not enough tai bai fen, you should add more.

6. Put the mixture on the crusts.

7. Wrap the crusts up as in the picture below.

8. Put the dumplings in boiling water. First, they will sink but in 2-3 minutes they should come up, which indicates that they are cooked.

9. Transfer them carefully from the pot to a plate and enjoy.

Words alone Words and picture

CONTIGUITY PRINCIPLE

Violating ContiguityWords and picture

MODALITY, PERSONALIZATION, SIGNALING AND VOICE PRINCIPLE –