Case of Sustainable Land Management Financing in the Context of Climate Change

Multi-focal Area Programming in the GEF- Opportunities and Challenges

Overview

• Recap of Land Degradation Focal Area as GEF window for financing SLM

• Cross-focal area linkages for SLM - specifically Climate Change Mitigation

• Emerging Priorities and Implications

Land Degradation Focal Area Mandate – Finance efforts to arrest and reverse current global trends in land degradation, specifically desertification and deforestation

Focus – Sustainable Land Management (SLM) in production landscapes

Impacts:•Flow of ecosystem services increased or maintained•Sustained crop, livestock, and forest production•Sustainable livelihoods (development benefit)

Multiple Benefits through SLMEcosystem Services in Production Systems

– Soil health improvement– Land and water conservation– Biodiversity conservation - above and below ground– Reduced GHG emissions and carbon sequestration

Development– Climate-resilient production systems – Options for household food security and income

Multi-focal Area Projects• LAND DEGRADATION: Flow of ecosystem services in

production systems; Integrated approaches to reduce pressure from competing uses

Deliver multiple environmental and social benefits, seeking synergy with –

• BIODIVERSITY: Integrated Landscape approaches and Sustainable use of biodiversity

• CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION: LULUCF component for reducing GHG emissions and carbon sequestration

• CLIMATE CHANGE ADAPTATION (LDCF/SCCF): Adaptation and resilience in the agriculture, livestock, and food security sectors

SFM/REDD-plus Program

Funding derives from three GEF Focal Areas - Biodiversity, Climate Change and Land Degradation

Separate funding envelope created to provide incentive funding for interested countries

Goal: Achieve multiple environmental benefits from improved management of all types of forests

Typology of LDFA investmentsLD-stand alone Multifocal area SFM/REDD+

Focus: Agriculture and Rangeland Management

Focus: Integrated Landscape Management

Focus: Carbon benefits in forests Landscapes

China: Sustainable and Climate-Resilient Land Management in Western PRC

Ecuador: Promotion of Climate-Smart Livestock Management

Azerbaijan: Sustainable Land and Forest Management in the Greater Caucasus Landscape

Pakistan: Sustainable Land Management Program to Combat Desertification

Kazakhstan: Improving Sustainability of PA System in Desert Ecosystems

Kenya: Development of SFM and Support to REDD for Drylands Forests

Uzbekistan: Reducing Pressures on Natural Resources from Competing Land Use

Turkey: Sustainable Land Management and Climate Friendly Agriculture

Mongolia: Securing Forest Ecosystems through Participatory Management and Benefit Sharing

0 2 4 6 8 10

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10

100

1000P

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on

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CO

2 se

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este

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(U

S$)

Carbon dioxide sequestered (ton per hectare per year)

No-tillage

Inorganic fertilizerIntercropping

Alley farmingManure

Cover crops

Crop residues

Rotation intensification

Soil amendments

Terracing

Rotation diversification

Rainwater harvesting Cross slope barriers

Include trees Afforestation

Tree crop farming

Improved fallow

Source: World Bank, 2012

“Normal” or sustainable level of SOC

BAU GEF Project with LDFA Resources

GEF Project with LD + MFA Resources

SO

C

SLM for food security

SLM+SFM+LULUCF for CC-M

Scenarios for SOC in GEF Projects

Emerging Global Priorities for SLM• Agriculture (crop, trees, livestock) and Environment

GEF positioning in the context of SDGs– specifically GEF role in aligning the environmental agenda in

agriculture to address the challenges facing global sustainability.

• Food Security, especially in Drylands – improving food crop production through SLM LD positioning

• maintaining the land resources and ecosystem services needed to support crop and livestock production

Increased carbon in soils

Climate-smart agriculture

Decrease GHG emissions

Mitigation

Value to farmers, communities, society

More biomass, more residue, more production

More employment

Better land management

Adaptation

Agriculture production and

productivity

Climate change

Reduce poverty and food security

How low carbon options contribute to agriculture productivity and food security

Implications

• Focus on transformational change at scale• Stronger link to global development aspirations –

agriculture and food security, “Nexus” approach • Demonstrate and harness effective cross-focal

area linkages – synergies for conventions• Non-traditional Partnerships – sectors,

institutions• More resources, effectively targeted

Challenges

• Resource allocation – justifying focal area priorities

• Global Environmental Benefits – from single to multiple focal areas

• Monitoring and reporting – Focal Area Tracking Tools