desert margins program gef challenges and opportunities
TRANSCRIPT
DESERT MARGINS PROGRAMDESERT MARGINS PROGRAM
GEFGEF
CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
High
Low
Non-degraded
DMP member countries
DMP potential countries
Land degradation severity in desert margins of SSA
0 1000 km
N
Very arid
Arid
Semi-arid
Semi-humid
Humid
Agro-ecological zones of the desert margins of WA
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Year
200
300
400
500
600
Mill
et g
rain
yie
ld (
kg h
a-1 )
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Year
2
4
6
8
10
Pop
ulat
ion
(1 1
06 )
0
100
200
300
Mill
et p
rodu
ctio
n (k
g pe
r ca
pita
)
M ille t production
Population
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Year
0.4
0.8
1.2
1.6
2.0
Tot
al m
illet
gra
in p
rodu
ctio
n (
1 10
6 M
T)
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000Year
1
2
3
4
5
6
Are
a cr
oppe
d w
ith m
illet
(1
106
ha)
Population increase
Need for increasing the production
Increase in cropped area
Decrease or suppression of the fallow cycle(traditional way of restoring soil fertility)Cropping of marginal land
• Decreasing yields• Land degradation• Increasing competition between crop and livestock for common natural resource base
An unbalanced system, a downward spiral
Demographic control
Intensification of Agriculture
Climate change and
climate fluctuation
Climate change and
climate fluctuation
The yield gap and the limitations that cause it
Potential
yield (Experimentat
ion)
Actual yield
Yield gap
Biophysical limitations• Soil fertility• Water• Variety, etc
Which inputs are lacking?Socio economic and policy limitations• Knowledge• Credit• Availability
Why inputs are not used?
Major constraints to sustainable
agricultural production and
biodiversity conservation
Environmental constraints
Infertile erosion prone soils
Limited and unpredictable rainfall
Inadequate irrigation
Reduction of suitable land for agricultural
purposes
Pests and diseases
Technological constraints
Inappropriate technology transfer
Weak research-extension-farmer linkages
Inappropriate and inadequate technological
packaging, as well as limited technological
awareness
Limited involvement of universities in
research and extension education and lack
of adequate trained personnel
Policy constraints
Incentives to increase agricultural production are not harmonized and sustained
Inappropriate land tenure systems that limit access to land and security of tenure
Inadequate policy to support sustainable agricultural farming systems
Policy constraints ( Cont’d)
Exclusion of the corporate sector from agricultural farming systems
Inefficient financial support to implement technology
Weak logistics to extend technologies e.g. roads, telephones and tools
Socio-cultural constraints• Indigenous technical knowledge is not taken into account
Some farmers are not convinced of the added
value of technology
Technology conflicts with local knowledge
and time-tested traditional practices
Gender barriers to technology adoption
Economic constraintsInadequate access to markets for agricultural produce
Low market competitiveness for agricultural produce
Insufficient funding for agricultural research
Economic constraints (CONT’d)
Limited access to farm inputs and credit
High cost of fertilizers inputs and other soil-condition ameliorating methods
Competition/conflicts between agriculture and livestock enterprise on limited land resources
Institutional constraintsInadequate integration of research and development activities
Lack of coordination among and between agricultural research institutions (IARCs and NARS)
Inadequate promotion of sustainable agricultural farming systems
Nutrient mining
• Burkina Faso: - 95 000 T of N
- 28 000 T of P2O5
- 79 000 T of K2O
(equivalent to US $ 160 million)
• Mali: 40% of farmers agricultural revenue comes from nutrient mining
Desert Margins Program
Wider Objectives (Goal) To arrest land degradation and conserve and
restore biodiversity in the Desert Margins through sustainable utilization of biodiversity
Specific Objectives (Purpose) To develop and implement strategies for
conservation, restoration and sustainable use of dry land biodiversity (to enhance ecosystem function and resilience)
Expected Outputs
1. Improved understanding of ecosystem status and dynamics with regard to loss of biodiversity
2. Strategies for conservation, restoration and sustainable use of degraded agro ecosystems developed and implemented
3. NRM Capacity of stakeholders and target populations enhanced
4 Sound policy intervention/guidelines for sustainable resource use formulated, adopted and implemented
5 Participatory natural resources management methods are implemented
6 The target populations are involved at each stage of the project’s cycle
Expected Outputs (contd.)
7. Participation Build capacity of stakeholders to participate fully
6. Up scaling Develop strategies for replication Institutional capacity building of government institutions/farmers in up scaling
Wider testing at project site
5. Policy guidelines/ legislation
Review and draft new guidelines Test new guidelines / policies Adopt Nation-wide guidelines/ policies
4. Sustainable alternative livelihoods
Inventory Tested / Adapted / Adopted Adoption and pilot testing in selected villages
3. Capacity building In participatory approaches to land and biodiversity management
In up scaling
2. Rehabilitation of land use
Testing implementation scenes
Adoption and pilot testing in selected villages
1. Monitoring and evaluation (status and dynamics)
Data gathering- Consultation- Synthesis- Compiling existing approaches
1 2 3 4
5 6
Project Activities by year
Costs and Financing (Million US $)
GEF: Project : Phase 1 (2 years) $4,987,134
Phase 2 (2 years) $5,617,044 Phase 3 (2 years) $5,365,822
PDF A : $ 25,000 PDF B : $ 340,000
Subtotal GEF $16,335,000
Total project cost $49,507,307 (GEF + Co-Fi +
Govt in Kind)
Steering CommitteeSecond Level
DMP C.U.
ASARECA SACCAR CORAF
First Level
Third Level
B.F Mali Niger Senegal KenyaBots Nam S.A Zimb
Governance Structure of DMP
ICRISAT Board
Conclusions
• Biodiversity conservation and sustainable use in the Desert Margins will require:
1. Promotion of sustainable livelihoods
Diversification of sources of income
Promoting sustainable harvesting
Exploring innovative sustainable uses of
biodiversity for generating income
Developing markets for products with
added values
Benefit-sharing including bioprospecting
Lessons learned from traditional sustainable
management
Integrated management approaches
Watershed management
Trans-boundary considerations
Sustainable natural resource management
Water harvesting
Soil conservation
2. Availability of sound management practices
Management practices (cont’d)
Land tenure/property rights issues
Community based activities
Empowerment
Public awareness, education/training,
international experience
Participatory adaptive management
Participatory crop/tree improvement
Management practices (cont’d)
Law enforcement and policy implementation
Decentralization
Community participation
Negotiating skills/conflict resolution
International & regional networking
Thank You