M. Sc. Engineering Syllabus Dept. of CEP

Curriculum for M.Sc. Engineering in Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science

Semester 1

Theory Courses 8 creditsSessional- I 4 credits

Semester 2

Theory Courses 8 creditsSessional-II 4 credits

Semester 3 &4

Thesis 24 credits Total: 48 Credits

As per facilities available in the department, any courses could be conducted for any session.

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TRANSPORT PROCESS & REACTION ENGINEERING

CEP 501 MASS, MOMENTUM AND ENERGY TRANSPORT4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsMomentum transport: Viscosity and the mechanism of momentum transport, Shell momentum balances and velocity distributions in laminar flow, The equations of change for isothermal systems, Velocity distributions with more than one independent variable, Interphase transport in isothermal systems, Macroscopic balances for isothermal flow systems. Energy transport: Thermal conductivity and the mechanisms of energy transport, Shell energy balances and temperature distributions in laminar flow, The equations of change for nonisothermal systems, Temperature distributions with more than one independent variable. Mass transport: Diffusivity and the mechanisms of mass transport, Concentration distributions in solids and laminar flow, The equations of change for multicomponent systems, Concentration distributions with more than one independent variable, Interphase transport in nonisothermal mixtures, Macroscopic balances for Multicomponent systems

References:R. Byron Bird, Warren E. Stewart, Edwin N. Lightfoot, Transport Phenomena, 2nd Edition. Publisher: Wiley.

CEP 502 FUNDAMENTALS OF CATALYSIS4 Hours/week, 4 creditsPart-I: FundamentalsFundamentals of catalysis, Catalyst materials, properties & preparation, Catalyst preparation, characterization & activity testing, Catalyst deactivationPart-II: Industrial practicesH2 production & synthesis process, Hydrogenation & dehydrogenation process, Oxidation process, Petroleum refining & hydrocarbon processing, Environmental control: mobile & stationary sources, Homogeneous, enzymatic & polymerization catalysis.

References:1. Albert F. Carley (Editor), et al Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (Fundamental and

Applied Catalysis) Publisher: Springer; 1st edition.2. R.A. van Santen, Hans W. Niemantsverdriet Chemical Kinetics and Catalysis

(Fundamental and Applied Catalysis) Publisher: Springer; 1st edition.3. C.H Bartholomew, Robert J. Farrauto, Fundamentals of Industrial Catalytic Process,

Publisher: Wiley-AIChE; 2nd Edition.

CEP 503 ADVANCED CHEMICAL REACTION ENGINEERING4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsIntroduction to Chemical Reaction Engineering: Batch Reactors, Continuous Flow Reactors, Continuous-Stirred Tank Reactors, Tubular Reactor, Packed-Bed Reactor, Industrial Reactors. Reactor Sizing, Rate Laws and Stoichiometry, Isothermal Reactor Design, Collection and Analysis of Rate Data, Multiple Reactions, Non-elementary Reaction Kinetics, Steady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Nonisothermal Continuous-Flow reactors, Nonadiabatic Reactor Operations, Nonisothermal Multiple Chemical Reactions. Unsteady-State Nonisothermal Reactor Design: Unsteady Operation of CSTRs and Semibatch and PFR Catalysis and Catalytic Reactors: Design of reactors for gas-solid reaction, Heterogeneous Data analysis for reactor design, Chemical vapor deposition, Catalyst deactivation, Reaction engineering in microelectronic device fabrication. External diffusion effects on heterogeneous reactions: Mass transfer fundamentals, Binary diffusion, External resistance to mass transfer, The shrinkage core model. Diffusion and reaction in porous catalysts: Diffusion and reaction in spherical catalyst pellets, Internal effectiveness factor, Falsified kinetics, Overall effectiveness factor, Estimation of diffusion-and reaction-limited regimes, Mass transfer and reaction in a packed bed, Determination of limiting situations from reaction data, Multiphase reactors, Fluidized-bed reactors, Chemical vapor deposition reactors. Distributions of residence times for chemical reactors: General characteristics, Measurement of RTD,

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Characteristics of the RTD, RTD in ideal reactors, Reactor modeling with the RTD, Zero-Parameter models, RTD and Multiple reactions. Models for nonideal reactors: One-parameter models, Two parameter models-modeling real reactors with combinations of ideal reactors, Other models of nonideal reactors using CSTRs and PFRs, Using RTD versus needing a model. Multiphase reactors: Slurry reactors, Bioreactors. Gas liquid reactions on solid catalyst: The general rate equation, Performance equation for an excess of B, Performance equation for an excess of A, Which kind of contactor to use, Applications. Enzyme fermentation: Michaelis-Menten Kinetics, Inhibition by a foreign Substance-Competitive and Noncompetitive Inhibition. Microbial Fermentation-Introduction and Overall Picture. Substrate-Limiting Microbial Fermentation: Batch Fermentors, Mixed Flow Fermentors, Optimum Operations of Fermentors. Product-Limiting Microbial Fermentation: Batch Flow Fermentors, Mixed Flow Fermentors.

References:1. K. Roel Westerterp, W. P. M. Van Swaaij, A. A. C. M. Beenackers Chemical Reactor

Design and Operation, Publisher: John Wiley & Sons;2. Laurence A. Belfiore Transport Phenomena for Chemical Reactor Design, Publisher:

Wiley-Interscience3. A.E. Rodrigues; “Theory of Residence Time Distributions”, in Multiphase Chemical

Reactors , A.E. Rodrigues, J.M. Calo and N.H. Sweed , 19814. Fogler, H. Scott; Elements of chemical reaction engineering .5. Levenspiel, Octave; Chemical reaction engineering .6. S. Whitaker Concepts and Design of Chemical Reactors. 7. Froment, Gilbert F.; Chemical Reactor Analysis and Design .

CEP 504 PROCESS ANALYSIS AND CONTROL4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsThe Laplace transformation:The Laplace transform, Inversion by partial fractions, Further properties of transforms. Linear open-loop systems: Response of first order systems, Physical examples of first-order systems, Response of first-order systems in series, Higher-order systems: Second-order & transportation lag. Linear closed-loop systems: The control system, Controllers and final control elements, Block diagram of a chemical-reactor control systems, Closed-loop transfer functions, Transient response of simple control systems, Stability, Root locus. Frequency response: Introduction to frequency response, transportation lag, Bode diagrams, Nyquist plots. Control system design by frequency response: Bode stability criterion, Gain and phase margins, Ziegler-Nichols Tuning technique, Nyquist stability criterion. Process application: Advanced control strategies, Controller tuning and process identification, Control valves, Theoretical analysis of complex processes. Sampled-Data control systems: Sampling and Z-transforms, Open-loop and closed-loop response, Stability, Modified Z-transforms, Sampled-data control of a first-order process with transport lag, Design of sampled-data controllers. State-space methods: State-space representation of physical systems, Transfer function matrix, Multivariable control.Nonlinear control: Examples of nonlinear systems, Methods of phase-plane analysis, The describing function technique. Computers in process control: Digital computer simulation of control systems, Microprocessor-based controllers and distributed control.

References1. Donald R. Coughanowr, Process Systems, Analysis and Control, McGraw-Hill 2. George Stephanopolous,Chemical Process control, Prentice Hall of India

CEP 504A EQUILIBRIUM STAGE PROCESSES2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Review of underlying principles of equilibrium stage processes, Multicomponent distillation, Calculation of stages by short cut methods using Fenske, Underwood Gilliand Correlation, Graphical methods, Computer aided methods, Azeotropic & extractive distillation, Multicomponent absorption

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for dilute & concentrated solutions, nonisothermal absorption, Mass transfer accompanied by irreversible & reversible reactions.

References:1. Buford D. Smith, Design of Equilibrium Stage Processes (McGraw-Hill Series in

Chemical Engineering)2. J. D. Seader, Ernest J. Henley, Separation Process Principles

CEP 505 EQUILIBRIUM IN SOLUTIONS: MATHEMATICAL TREATMENTS2 Hours/week, 2 CreditsIntroduction- scope of aquatic chemistry, the solvent water-solute species, chemical thermodynamics & kinetics, dissolved carbon dioxide, atmosphere-water interactions, precipitation & dissolution, anthropogenic generation of acidity in atmosphere, gas-water partitioning, gas-water equlibria in closed & open system, oxidation & reduction, Equilibria & microbial mediation.Equilibrium in Aqueous Solutions-Chemical Equilibrium, equilibrium constants, Protolytic equilibrium, complex-forming equilibrium, Heterogeneous equilibrium, precipitating reactions, oxidation-reductions

References1. Stumm W et. al. Aquatic Chemistry2. Christian, Analytical Chemistry3. Islam M A, Equilibrium in Solutions: Mathematical Treatments (Lecture Sheets)

CEP 506 NANOSCALE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Catalog description: Technology of nanoengineered materials and devices. Semiconductor nanostructures. Nanotubes and nanowires. Molecular electronics. Course goals – Nanoscience: This course will introduce students to the rapidly developing field of nanoengineered materials with special focus on their electronic properties. The course is expected to appeal to electrical engineers, materials scientists, physicists and alike. Therefore, fundamental aspects of the electronic properties of these materials, as well as fabrication processes and applications will be discussed in this course. The scientific lecture will consist of 30 total lecture hours. A list of the topics include electronic transport in 1, 2, and 3 dimension, nanofabrication technology, scanning probe techniques, semiconductor superlattices and quantum dots, nanoparticles, nanotubes, nanowires, and molecular electronics.

Detailed course topics: Chapter 1: Electronic transport in 1,2 and 3 dimensions: Quantum confinement, energy subbands, quantum wells, quantum wires, quantum dots. Effective mass, drude conduction and mean free path in 3D, ballistic conduction, phase coherence length, and quantized conductance in 1D. Chapter 2: Compound semiconductor nanostructures: growth of compound semiconductors, superlattices, self-assembled quantum dots. Chapter 3: Nanoparticles, nanotubes and nanowires, fullerenes (buckyballs, graphene) Chapter 4: Molecular electronics: optoelectronic properties of molecular materials, nanotechnology, devices: OLEDs, OTFTs. Chapter 5: Nanofabrication and nanopatterning: Optical, X-ray, and electron beam lithography, self-assembled organic layers, scanning tunnelling microscopy, atomic force microscopy. Grades: Homework/Term Test/Class Performance 30% and Final test 70%

Required texts: Vladimir V. Mitin, Viatcheslav A. Kochelap, Michael A. Stroscio: Introduction to Nanoelectronics: Science, Nanotechnology, Engineering, and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2008. Additional course-packet provided in class.

Reference texts:

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1. Rainer Waser: Nanoelectronics and Information Technology: Advanced Electronic Materials and Novel Devices, Wiley-VCH, 2003.

2. Edward L. Wolf: Nanophysics and Nanotechnology: An Introduction to Modern Concepts in Nanoscience, 2 ed., Wiley-VCH, 2006.

3. John H. Davies: The Physics of Low Dimensional Semiconductors: An Introduction, Cambridge University Press, 1998.

CEP 507 ADVANCED CHEMICAL ENGINEERING (SESSIONAL-I)4 Credits Overview of the concepts, logic, arguments, approaches in chemical industries. Solution to Problems (design approach) in chemical engineering processes (Fluid mechanics, mass and heat transfer with and without chemical reactions)

CEP 508 Scientific-technological documents- writing and presentation (SESSIONAL-II)4 CreditsSurvey and report preparation, Paper writing, Project-proposal preparation, Short report writing, Presentation of works in Seminar/workshop

CEP 509 Solution of native current technical-technological problem (Project)4 Credits Task assignment, scientific formulation of the problem, Technical work, Solution proposal, Seminar/Poster Presentation

POLYMER ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY

CEP 510 POLYMER COMPOSITES4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsIntroduction: Polymer composites and constituting materials, Design and Manufacturing, Market, Fields of applications: Transportation, Marine, Aerospace and Military, Construction, Electrical and Sanitary, Sports and others. Matrix (Thermoset, Thermoplastic and Elastomers) properties: Thermal, mechanical and others. Reinforcements: Glass Fibers, Carbon Fibers, Aramid Fibers, Polyethelene Fibers, Preimpregnated Reinforcement: Solvent Impregnation, Melt Impregnation, Powder Impregnation. Core Materials: Wood Core, Honeycomb and Corrugated Cores, Expanded Foam Cores. Properties of composites: Thermal, mechanical and others. Manufacturing Technique: Generic Manufacturing related Issue- mold Fabrication, Direct Manual Mold Fabrication, Flexible Molds. Thermoset-Matrix technique- Prepreg Layup, Liquid Molding, Injection Molding, Resin Transfer Molding, Vacuum Injection Molding, Reaction Injection Molding, reinforced Reaction Injection Molding, Structural Injection Molding. Compression Molding, Filament Winding, Pultrusion, Other Techniques. Thermoplastic-matrix Techniques- Prepreg Layup, Liquid Molding, Compression Molding: Compression Molding of Prepreg and Flat Laminates. Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites: Properties, Prediction Models. Potential of native fibers and cores as reinforcements

ReferencesAstrom B. T., Manufacturing of Polymer Composites, Nelson Thornes Ltd., UK, 2002

CEP 511 MECHANICS OF COMPOSITES4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Mechanics of Composite: Introduction to Composite Material, Classification, Polymer Matrix Composites, Metal Matrix Composites, Ceramic Matrix Composites, Recycling of Fiber Reinforced Composites, Mechanics Terminology.Macromechanical Analysis of a Lamina: Review Definitions, Stress, Strain, Elastic Modulus, and Strain Energy. Hook’s Law for Different Types of Materials, Anisotropic material, Monoclinic Material, Orthograpic material (Orthogonally Anisotropic/ Specially orthotropic), Transversely

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Isotropic Material, Isotropic Material, Hook’s Law for Two Dimensional Unidirectional Lamina: Plane Stress Assumption, Reduction of Hook’s Law in Three dimensions to Two Dimensions, Relationship of Compliance and Stiffness Matrix to Engineering Elastic constants of Lamina. Hook’s Law for a Two Dimensional Angle lamina. Engineering Constants of an Angle Lamina, Invariant Form of Stiffness and Compliance Matrices for an Angle Lamina, Strength Failure Theories of an Angle Lamina: Maximum Stress Failure Theory, Strength Ratio, Failure Envelopes, Maximum Strain Failure Theory, Tsai-Hill Failure Theory, Tsai-Wu Failure Theory, Comparison of Experimental Results with Failure Theories. Hygrothermal Stress and Strains in a Lamina: Hygrothermal Stress and Strains in a Unidirectional Lamina, Hygrothermal Stress- Strain Relationship for an Angle Lamina.

CEP 512 MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGIES4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Introduction: Growth of membrane science and technology. Preparation and Characterisation of membranes: Overview of the methods. Transport in membranes: Driving forces, non-equilibrium thermodynamics, Transport through porous membrane: transport of gases through porous membranes, Knudsen flow, frictional model, Transport through nonporous membrane, Transport in ion-exchange membranes. Membrane processes (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration, pervaporation, membrane distillation, membrane contactor and ion exchange membrane): introduction and history, theoretical background, membrane and materials, membrane selectivity, membrane modules, membrane fouling control, membrane cleaning, and applications of each process. Carrier facilitated transport: coupled transport, facilitated transport. Polarisation phenomena and fouling: concentration polarisation, characteristic flux behaviour in pressure driven membrane operations, gel layer model, osmotic pressure model, boundary layer resistance model. Industrial applications of membranes- examples. Module and process design: plate and frame module, spiral wound model, tubular module, capillary module, hollow fiber module. References:1. Basic Principle of membrane Technology by Marcel Moulder 2. Membrane Technology and Applications by R. W. Baker

CEP 513 CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS OF POLYMER4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsIntroduction: Fundamentals of polymer, different types of polymers. Polymerization: Mechanism of step-growth and chain growth polymerization-radical, ionic, coordination and ring opening polymerization. Copolymers, stereoregularity: copolymer composition, reactivity ratios, sequence distributions. Reactions of Synthetic and Biological Polymers. Thermodynamic and Kinetics of Polymers: Polymerization and depolymerization equillibria, solution thermodynamics of High Polymer-Ideal solution, Entropy, Enthalpy of solution, Flory-Huggins Theory , kinetics of condensation, step growth, free radical and ionic polymerization. Physical Characterization of polymer: Polymer molecular weight and size- Determination of molecular weights of polymers by membrane osmometry, vapour phase osmometry, end group analysis, light scattering, viscometry, ultracentrifugation and G P. Morphology,Glass transition temperature, Crystalnity of polymer. Mechanical Properties: Interrelation of moduli, strees-relaxation, DMTA, DETA.

Books Recommended1. J.M.G.Cowie, Polymers: Chemistry & Physics of Modern materials, 2nd edition, nelson thornes.2. Harry R. Allcock, F.W.Lampe, Contemporary Polymer Chemistry, 3rd edition, pearson Education3. F.W. Billmeyer, Jr., Text Book of Polymer Science, 3rd edition (1984), Wiley-Interscience, New York. 4. G. Odien, Principles of Polymerization, 3rd edition (1991) John Wiley & Sons, Singapore.

CEP 514 POLYMER MODIFIED CONCRETES4 Hours/week, 4 Credits General Information and Classification of Polymer Concrete, Characteristic Features of the Materials Used, Theory of Structure Formation using Polymer Concretes and Physical and Chemical Principles

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in Formulating their Compositions, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Polymer Concretes, Resistance of Polymer Concretes to Aggressive Media, Durability of Polymer Concrete Structures, Effect of Temperature and Fire on Polymer Concrete Structures, Design Characteristics of Polymer Concrete and Reinforced Polymer Concrete Structures, Technology of Producing Polymer Concrete Products, Polymer Sulphur Concretes: New Efficient Materials, Rational Application of Polymer Concrete.Reference:Polymer Concretes and their Structural Uses by K.V. Mikhailov, V.V. Paturoev & R. Kreis.

CEP 515 MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY SESSIONAL2 CreditsBased on membrane technology theory courses

CEP 516 POLYMER COMPOSITE PREPARATIONS AND CHARACTERIZATION SESSIONAL3 CreditsBased on polymer composite theory courses

COMPUTER APPLICATION & PROCESS CONTROL

CEP 520 PROCESS CONTROL4 Hours/week, 4 Credits A survey of selected advanced topics of control as applied to chemical processes, mathematical modeling, parameter estimation & process identification, multivariable control, optimal & adaptive control, real time, and digital control.

References:1. B. Wayne Bequette, Process Control: Modeling, Design & Simulation, Publisher: Prentice

Hall PTR.2. Carlos A. Smith, Armando B. Corripio, Principles and Practice of Automatic Process

Control, 2nd Edition, Publisher: Wiley.3. Dale E. Seborg, Thomas F. Edgar, Duncan A.. Mellichamp, Process Dynamics & Control,

2nd Edition, Publisher: Wiley.

CEP 521 OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Study of optimization algorithms & their applications to chemical engineering problems, Linear & nonlinear programming, Optimum search methods, Geometric programming.

References:1. Godfrey C. Onwubolu, B.V. Babu, New Optimization Techniques in Engineering, 1st

Edition, Publisher: Springer.2. Frederick H. Walters, Lloyd R., Jr. Parker, Sequential Simplex Optimization: A

Technique for Improving Quality and Productivity in Research, Development, and Manufacturing (Chemometrics series), Publisher: Crc Pr I Llc.

CEP 522 MATHEMATICAL MODELING4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Formulation of physico-chemical problems- introduction, illustration of formulation process, summary of model building process, Solutions techniques of Midels Yielding, Ordinary differential equations (ODE), Classification of ODE, Solution of second order non-linear equations, Solutions techniques for models producing partial differential equations (PDE), Approximate & numerical solutions.

References:

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Rice et al., Applied Mathematics & Modeling for Chemical Engineerss, Wiley, 1999

ENERGY & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

CEP 530 FUEL CELL TECHNOLOGIES4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Introduction to Fuel Cells & Alternative/Renewable Energy: An introduction to fuel cells, history and safety issues, with an overview of the most commonly used alternative and renewable energy sources, including geothermal, solar, biomass, hydro-generation, and wind generation. Emphasizes fuel cell applications and processes, reformation of fossil fuels, heat transfer, chemical reaction, and power conditioning, combined heat and power, and distributed generation systems. Fuel Cell Principles, Components & Controls: Fuel cell system components and principles of operation and reformation of hydrogen rich fuels will be explored. System components include cooling systems, control circuits, fuel circuits, DC power circuits, AC power circuits, and balance of plant and water treatment concepts. Includes electrical distribution interface, and the use and maintenance of logbooks, technical manuals, material safety data sheets (MSDS), and disposal log.

References:1. Fuel Cell Technology Handbook by Gregor Hoogers, Wiley Publishing.2. Electric Energy An Introduction by Mohamed A. El-Sharkawi, CRC Press3. Fuel Cell Systems Explained (FCSE) by James Larminie/Andrew Dicks, Wiley,

CEP 531 ADVANCES IN BIOFUEL2 Hours/week 2 creditsEnergy production through waste recycling, Renewable energies and present state of their application, Biodiesel, Potential and principle challenges compared with fuels of fossil originBiodiesel versus diesel (life cycle analysis and comparative study of environmental impact), Applicable legal directives, Biodiesel production, Production and use of biodiesel in Asia, Potential of application, Production from dedicated culture of oleaginous, Production from waste frying oils, Project of one unit to produce biodiesel using waste frying oils

Reference:J. V. Gerpen, B. Shanks, R. Pruszko, D. Clements, G. Knothe; Biodiesel Production Technology , National Renewable Energy Laboratory, U. S. Department of Energy,Battelle. , 2004

CEP 532 ENERGY MANAGEMENT & MODELING2 Hours/week 2 creditsEnergy auditing, energy conservation schemes, energy conversion, representation of energy consumption in the industry, costing techniques, financial appraisal & profitability, investment decisions, energy utilization and conversion systems, thermal energy & electrical energy systems, waste heat recovery, energy modeling.

References:Vincent Kaminski, Energy Modelling: Advances in the Management of Uncertainty

CEP 533 WATER, AIR & SOIL POLLUTION CONTROL4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Introduction to air pollution. Sources of air pollution. Air pollution from combustion engines. Concentration and deposition. How gases and particles are measured Analysis of environmental data. Interior pollution. Climate change. Ozone depletion Water quality indicators. Quality criteria and standards for water. Impact of wastewater discharges in receiving streams. Qualitative and quantitative characterization of urban and industrial wastewaters. General principles for water and wastewater treatment. Preliminary wastewater treatment: equalization, screening, grit removal, oil and grease removal. Primary wastewater treatment: sedimentation

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References: Eckenfelder, Jr., W. Wesley; Industrial water pollution control . ISBN: 0-07-116275-5Estados Unidos da América. Environmental Protection Agency.; Handbook for Monitoring Industrial Wastewater

CEP 534 RENEWABLE ENERGY AND RESOURCES3 Hours/week, 3 CreditsIntroduction to Alternative and Renewable Energy: The types of renewable energy and technology, Renewable Energy Sources. Solar Energy: Introduction to Solar Energy, Photovoltaic cells, PV system for homes, PV systems for non-domestic buildings, Cost of energy from PV, Solar electric- advantages and disadvantages. Wind Energy: Wind mapping, applications of wind energy: wind turbines, Wind direction and speed, energy consumption (kilowatt hour) Hydro power: Basic concepts of hydro power , applications Bioenergy: Bioenergy sources- energy crops, waste, solid biomass; Biogas and Biodigesters, Biodiesel (I and II generation)- feed stock, effect of catalyst on transesterification, problems and prospect; Bioethanol- form lignocellulosic biomass, as a transportation fuels, environmental impact, present production status.

RreferenceGodfrey Boyle- Renewable Energy: Power for a Sustainable Future (2nd edition), Oxford University Press, 2004Charles Wyman - Handbook on bioethanol: production and utilization

FOOD & BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING

CEP 540 CHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY OF FOOD3 Hours/week, 3 CreditsFood chemistry-definition and importance, water in food, water activity and shelf life of food. Carbohydrates-chemical reactions, functional properties of sugars and polysaccharides in foods. Lipids: classification, and use of lipids in foods, physical and chemical properties, effects of processing on functional properties and nutritive value. Protein and amino acids: physical and chemical properties, distribution, amount and functions of proteins in foods, functional properties, effect of processing.-Losses of vitamins and minerals due to processing. Enzymes in foods, and food industry, bio-deterioration of foods, food contaminants, additives and toxicants. History of microbiology of food. Microbial growth pattern, physical and chemical factors influencing destruction of microorganisms. Types of micro-organism normally associated with food-mold, yeast, and bacteria. Micro-organisms in natural food products and their control. Contaminants of foods-stuffs, vegetables, cereals, pulses, oilseeds, milk and meat during handling and processing. Biochemical changes caused by micro-organisms, deterioration of various types of food product. Food poisoning and microbial toxins, microbial food fermentation, standards for different foods. Food borne intoxicants and mycotoxins.

References:Bender, A.E. 1978. Food Processing and Nutrition. Academic Press, London. Fellows, P. and Ellis H. 1990. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice, New York.Jelen, P. 1985. Introduction to Food Processing. Prentice Hall, Reston Virginia, USA.Wildey, R.C. Ed. 1994. Minimally Processed Refrigerated Fruits and Vegetables. Chapman and Hall, London.Branen A.L. and Davidson, P.M. 1983. Antimicrobials in Foods. Marcel Dekker, NewYork.Jay J.M. 1986. Modern Food Microbiology. 3rd Edn. VNR, New York.Robinson, R.K. Ed. 1983. Dairy Microbiology. Applied Science, London.

CEP 541 PRINCIPLES OF FOOD PROCESSING AND PRESERVATION

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2 Hours/week, 2 CreditsScope and importance of food processing. Food preservation principles: Unit operation and unit processes in food processing. Effect of processing on food products. Evaluation of different processing techniques. Design of food processing equipment and plants. Plant effluent treatment and waste management. Principles and methods of food preservation-freezing, heating, dehydration, canning, additives, fermentation, irradiation, extrusion cooking, hydrostatic pressure cooking, dielectric heating, microwave rocessing, aspectic processing, hurdle technology, Juices and concentrates/membrane technology. Storage of food, modified atmosphere packaging. Refrigeration, freezing and drying of food, minimal processing, radiation processing.

References:Arsdel W.B., Copley, M.J. and Morgen, A.I. 1973. Food Dehydration, 2nd Edn. (2 vol. Set). AVI, Westport.Bender, A.E. 1978. Food Processing and Nutrition. Academic Press, London.Fellows, P. and Ellis H. 1990. Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice, New York.Jelen, P. 1985. Introduction to Food Processing. Prentice Hall, Reston Virginia, USA.Lewis, M.J. 1990. Physical Properties of Food and Food Processing Systems. Woodhead, UK.Wildey, R.C. Ed. 1994. Minimally Processed Refrigerated Fruits and Vegetables. Chapman and Hall, London.

CEP 542 FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY4 Hours/week, 4 Credits Introduction to fermentation : Rate of microbial growth and death. Fermentation kinetics, mass transfer diffusion, membrane transport, dialysis, nutrient uptake. Aeration and agitation in fermentation: Oxygen requirement, measurement of adsorption coefficients, bubble aeration, mechanical agitation, correlation between mass-transfer coefficient and operating variables. Fermentor design, operation measurement and control and types of fermentation, sub-merged/solid state. Sterilization-air sterilization, media sterilization. Application of fermentation technology in industries. Principle and use of biosensor. Production of vitamins, amino acids, organic acids, enzymes and antibiotics, alcohols. Bioenergy from waste: sources of biomass, biogas production, H2

gas production. Project: will be designed by course teacher.

References:Stanburry P.P. and Whitaker, A. 1984. Principles of Fermentation Technology.Pergamon Press, Oxford UK.Steinkraus, K.H. 1983. Handbook of Indigenous Fermented Foods. Marcel Dekker,New York.Srivastava, M. L., Fermentation Technology, Narosa Publishing House

CEP 543 FOOD TECHNOLOGIE2 Hours/week 2 creditsAn in depth study of different food processing industries with special reference to processing of cereal, vegetable, fruit, milk, fish, edible oils and production of fermented food products and sugar technology.

References:Kent, N.L. 1983. Technology of Cereals. 3rd Edn. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK.Jagtiani J., Chan, H.T. and Sakal, W.S. Ed. 1988. Tropical Fruit Processing AcademicPress, London.Dey, S. 1994. Outlines of Dairy Technology. Oxford Univ. Press, New Delhi.MaCrae, R., Robinson, R.K. and Sadler, M.J. Ed. 1993. Encyelopaedia of Food Science,Food Technology and Nutrition Academic Press, London.Hamilton, R.J. and Bharti, A. Ed. 1980. Fats and Oils: Chemistry and Technology.Applied Science, London.Salunkhe, O.K. Chavan, J.K, Adsule, R.N. and Kadam, S.S. 1992. World Oilseeds:

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chemistry, Technology and Utilization. VNR, New York.

CEP 544 QUALITY CONTROL IN FOOD2 Hours/week 2 creditsFood legislation. Principles of quality control. Chemical, physical and organoleptic methods for examination of foods and biochemical products. Laboratory control methods for processing plants. Detection of pathogens in food. Plant sanitation and quality assurance program in food and biochemical manufactutre.

References:Krammer, A. and Twigg, B.A. 1970. Quality Control for the Food Industry. 3rd Edn. AVI, Westport.Pattee, H.E. Ed. 1985. Evaluation of Quality of Fruits and Vegetables. AVI, Westport.Ranganna, S. 1986. Handbook of Analysis and Quality Control for Fruits and Vegetable Products. Tata McGraw Hill, New Delhi.Tannenbaum, S.R. Ed. 1979. Nutritional and Safety Aspects of Food Processing, marcel Dekker, New York.

PETROLEUM & NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING

CEP 550 PETROLEUM RESERVOIR FLUIDS2 Hours/week 2 creditsPhase behaviour of hydrocarbon systems ideal and non-ideal gases and liquid systems; qualitative and quantitative phase behaviour; fundamental properties of gas, oils, and waters; application of basic fluid properties to compositional analyses; separation and reservoir behaviour.

References:Amyx, J.W. Bass, D.M. and Whiting, R.L., Petroleum Reservoir Engineering. McGraw-Hill, Toronto, 1960. (pp. 211-470). ISBN 0070016003.McCain Jr., W.D., The Properties of Petroleum Fluids, 2nd edition. The Petroleum Publishing Company, Tulsa, Oklahoma, 1990. ISBN 0878143351.

CEP 551OIL AND GAS WELL DRILLING AND COMPLETION2 Hours/week 2 creditsRotary drilling, drilling fluids, drilling hydraulics, penetration rates, drilling techniques, core and core analyses, drillstem testing, casing and cementing procedures, well completion and stimulation.

References:Bourgoyne, A.T., Millheim, K.K., Chenevert, M.E. and Young, F.S. Applied Drilling Engineering. Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX (1986, 2nd printing 1991). ISBN 9991135979.Gatlin, C., Petroleum Engineering, Drilling and Well Completion. Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1960. ISBN 0136621554.

CEP 552 PETROLEUM PRODUCTION OPERATIONS4 Hours/week 4 creditsOverall view of important steps involved in Petroleum Production Engineering. Inflow performance relationships. Two-phase vertical flow. Decline curve analysis. Other steps include importance of reservoir description, role of effective communication between the reservoir and the well bore, oil and gas separation, well bore damage, fluid movements and vigor of excluding undesirable fluids, workover and stimulation methods, oil well cementing and through tubing logging. Surface facility: storage, separators, emulsions, flow measurement gas hydrates.

References:

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Kumar, S, Gas Production Engineering. Gulf Publishing Co., 1987.Nind, T.E.W., Principles of Oil Well Production, 2nd edition. McGraw-Hill Book Co. Ltd., NewYork, 1981. ISBN 0070465762.

CEP 553 WELL LOGGING AND FORMATION EVALUATION2 Hours/week 2 creditsTheory and engineering and applications of measurements of physical properties of the formation near the well bore, types of well logging devices, interpretation and use of information in petroleum, and natural gas engineering.

References:Helander, D.P., Fundamentals of Formation Evaluation. Oil and Gas Consultants International Inc., 1983. 4554 S. Harvard, Tulsa, OK., 74135. ISBN 0930972023.Serra, O., Fundamentals of Well-Log Interpretation, Volume 1. Elsevier Science Publishers, New York, N.Y., 1984. ISBN 0444421327.Ellis, D.V., Well Logging for Earch Scientists. Elsevier Science Publishing Co., 1987. ISBN 0135005620.Dewan, J.T., Essentials of Modern Open-Hole Log Interpretation. Penn Well Books, Tulsa, OK., 1983. ISBN 0878142339.

CEP 554 NATURAL GAS ENGINEERING4 Hours/week 4 creditsEstimation of reserves; flow measurements; flow through conduits; steady, transient, Darcy and non-Darcy flow through porous media; well testing, back pressure and drawdown tests;deliverability; well interference; phase behaviour in gas and condensate reservoirs. Decline curve analysis.

References:John Lee and Robert A. Wattenbarger, Gas Reservoir Engineering. Donald L. Katz and Robert L. Lee, Natural Reservoir Engineering: Production and Storage.Ikoku, C.U., Natural Gas Reservoir Engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 1991. Krieger Pr.ISBN 0894646400.

CEP 555 OIL REFINING AND PETROCHEMISTRY-I4 Hours/week, 4 Credits1. Crude Sources: Sedimentary basins and hydrocarbon migration pathways Prospecting. Drilling. Extraction. Transport. 2. Natural Gas Sources: Basins. Supply, transport and distribution· Pipe line networks· Other markets with other energetic sources. · Portugal and European Community natural gas networks. 3. Petroleum Products General Statistics: Capacities, European and world Consumptions · Portuguese market 4. Crude Composition and Characterization: Different type of hydrocarbons · Sulphur Compounds · Oxygen, nitrogen and organometallics compounds. 5. Petroleum Products: Most important properties and characteristics· Normalized essays· Quality standards 6. Crude Distillation Process: Main refining process with their fundamental aspects and operation· Physical and chemical properties of hydrocarbon and petroleum cuts· Yields, cuts and final products specifications· Products applications. 7. Refining Process: General classifications· Industrial chemical reactions and catalysis· “Process Flow Diagrams” – Porto and Sines refineries. 8. Refining and Petrochemical Environmental, Quality ad Safety: Air, water and ground pollutions ·ISO 9001 e 11001 Standards· Safety politics

CEP 556 OIL REFINING & PETROCHEMISTRY-II4 Hours/week, 4 Credits 1. Refinery Overview: Refinery classification and major units, Plot plan, process flow and piping diagrams and relevant equipments. 2. Crude Distillation: Fundamentals, Crude oil dessalter, Process variables and operating conditions 3. Auxiliary Refinery Process: Amine Scrubbing Unit, Merox Treating Unit, Sulfur Recovery Unit, Gas Recovery Plant. 4. Hydrotreating of petroleum (diesel

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M. Sc. Engineering Syllabus Dept. of CEP

hydrotreating): Hydrotreating reactor and catalysts, Chemistry and process flow, Process variables and operating conditions, Hydrotreated product yields and properties 5. Catalytic Reforming: Reforming reactors and catalysts, Chemistry and process flow, Process variables and operating conditions, Reformer unit configuration, Reduction of aromatics and benzene in reformate. 6. Isomerization: Catalysts, chemistry & operating conditions: Process flow/processing options, Isomerization yields and product properties. 7. Polybed PSA – hydrogen recovery: Process basics, Adsorption fundamentals, Different type of operation. 8. Fluid Catalytic Cracking: Catalysts, chemistry & process Flow, Process variables and operating conditions, Cracking of heavy feedstocks. 9. Hydrocracking of Petroleum: Catalysts, chemistry & process Flow, Process variables and operating conditions, Hydrocracker yields and product properties. 10. Alkylation: HF Alkylation process, Sulfuric Acid Alkylation process, Feedstocks and product properties. 11. Aromatics Petrochemicals: Process flow/processing options, BT liquid-liquid extraction, Paraxylene adsorption, Xylenes isomerization

TEXTILE ENGINEERING

CEP 560 TEXTILE ENGINEERING-I2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Study of textile fibres: classification, production, structure and properties of the main textile fibres - natural and man-made, Legislation concerning marking and labelling of the composition of textiles: Short overview of spinning, weaving and knitting technologies, Yarn numbering systems, Basic characteristics of yarns, woven and knitted fabrics, Laboratory tests: Microscopic analysis pof the main textile fibres. Fibre identification techniques, Chemical analysis of the composition of a fibre blend, Analysis of the structure of a woven fabric

CEP 561 TEXTILE ENGINEERING-II2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Pre-treatment processes of textile materials: Singeing. Desizing. Scouring. Mercerisation. Bleaching. Fluorescent optical brightening. Washing. Fulling. Fixation. Thermofixation. Colour measurement: brief overview: Colour differences. Colour matching, Machines for pre-treatment and dyeing of fibres, yarns and fabrics (woven and knitted), Water in the textile industry: Reduction of the consumption and water recycling. EC Directive of integrated pollution prevention and control – application to textile companies, Cleaner technologies, Brief overview of energy aspects, Laboratory Tests: Desizing, scouring and bleaching of cotton woven and knitted fabrics, including the use of fluorescent brigthening agents,Compairison of the results.

ReferencesPeters, R. H.; Textile Chemistry , N . ISBN: 0-444-41120-8 (vol.3)

CEP 562 TEXTILE ENGINEERING-III2 Hours/week, 2 Credits

1. Study of the transformation of textile products half-transformed into finished products, with special emphasis in the processes and the effect that if can get. 2. Relationship between fiber, type of structure and process of Finishing. Boarding of the different suquence and equipment of the process, defining which the parameters that in it would printing and in the finishing operations can influence the final quality of articles 3. The printing operation its aims and framing in the textile row. Study of the types and processes of printing. 4. Textile finishing its aims and framing of the process of in the textile row. Used finishing processes:- specific finishings (chemical and mechanical) & special finishings 5. Processes application 6. Equipment 7. Environment problems 8. Functional finishing 9. New technologies. New processes. Effect special

CEP 563 TEXTILE ENGINEERING-IV

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M. Sc. Engineering Syllabus Dept. of CEP

2 Hours/week, 2 Credits Introduction of dyeing sector in the textile row, Basic concepts about the colour and its importance for the textile processing, Classification of the dyestuff and its relation with the textile fibers, Study of the main properties of fasteness and its relation with dyestuff and usedFibers, Study of the general theory of the dyeing, Study of the direct, vat, reactive, sulphureous, dispersed, acid and cationic dyestuff, Study of the dyeing processes of celullosic, polyester, polyamide, acrilic, wool fiber and the mixtures of polyester with celullosic, Environmental problems related to the dyeing process, New technologies/process

Energy and Process Engineering

CEP 564 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS4 Hours/week, 4 CreditsFundamentals of Equilibrium Thermodynamics: Fundamental laws of thermodynamics will be covered in depth. Applications of these laws in design chemical engineering devices, such as heat engines, will be attempted.Applications of Thermodynamics to Flow Processes, Vapor/Liquid Equilibrium: Introduction.Solution Thermodynamics: Theory, Solution Thermodynamics: ApplicationsChemical-Reaction Equilibria, Topics in Phase Equilibria.Thermodynamic Analysis of Processes.Introduction to Molecular Thermodynamics.

Books Recommended1. JW Tester and M. Modell Thermodynamics and Its Applications 3rd ed. 2. J. M. Smith & H.C. Van Ness       Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics3. J.M. Smith                                Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics

CEP 570 Thesis24 Credits

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