motivation theory overview

8/6/2019 Motivation Theory Overview

1/15

Motivation TheoryMotivation Theory


2/15

MotivationMotivation

Definition:Definition:

1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need1) Internal drive to satisfy an unsatisfied need

2) Stimulus of behavior2) Stimulus of behavior


3/15

Motivation TheoriesMotivation Theories

Content Theories: focus on the internalContent Theories: focus on the internal

needs and desires that initiate, sustain andneeds and desires that initiate, sustain and

eventually terminate behavior.eventually terminate behavior. WHAT motivates someoneWHAT motivates someone

Process Theories: seek to explain HOWProcess Theories: seek to explain HOWbehavior is initiated, sustained andbehavior is initiated, sustained and

terminatedterminated


4/15

Content TheoriesContent Theories

Maslows Hierarchy of NeedMaslows Hierarchy of Need

Alderfers ERG TheoryAlderfers ERG Theory

Herzbergs 2Herzbergs 2--Factor TheoryFactor Theory McClellands Learned Needs TheoryMcClellands Learned Needs Theory


5/15

DefinitionsDefinitions

Frustration: occurs when needs can not beFrustration: occurs when needs can not be

metmet

Satisfaction: occurs when needs are metSatisfaction: occurs when needs are met Despair: occurs when there is frustrationDespair: occurs when there is frustration

without hopewithout hope


6/15

Maslows Hierarchy of NeedsMaslows Hierarchy of Needs

Stresses two fundamental premises:Stresses two fundamental premises:

Human beings are wanting creatures whoseHuman beings are wanting creatures whoseneeds depend on what they already have. (Youneeds depend on what they already have. (You

need what you DONT already have)need what you DONT already have)

Peoples needs are arranged in a hierarchyPeoples needs are arranged in a hierarchy


7/15

MaslowMaslow

55thth level: Self realization and fulfillmentlevel: Self realization and fulfillment

44thth level: Esteem and Statuslevel: Esteem and Status

33rdrd level: Affection and social activitylevel: Affection and social activity 22ndnd level: Safety and securitylevel: Safety and security

11stst level: Basic physiological needslevel: Basic physiological needs


8/15

Alderfers ERG TheoryAlderfers ERG Theory

Only 3 levels to the hierarchy:Only 3 levels to the hierarchy:

1.1. Existence needs: material and physicalExistence needs: material and physical

needsneeds2.2. Relatedness needs: all needs that involveRelatedness needs: all needs that involve

other peopleother people

3.3. Growth needs: all needs involvingGrowth needs: all needs involvingcreative efforts and/or productivecreative efforts and/or productive

contributionscontributions


9/15

Herzbergs 2Herzbergs 2--Factor TheoryFactor Theory

Starts with the questions of what satisfiesStarts with the questions of what satisfies

and dissatisfies people about their workand dissatisfies people about their work

Assumes the answers to those questions areAssumes the answers to those questions arekey to understanding motivationkey to understanding motivation

Job Satisfaction consists of two separateJob Satisfaction consists of two separate

and independent dimensions:and independent dimensions: Satisfiers or motivatorsSatisfiers or motivators

Dissatisfiers or maintenance factorsDissatisfiers or maintenance factors


10/15

Dissatisfiers/Maintenance FactorsDissatisfiers/Maintenance Factors

Presence is not motivational. Absences causesPresence is not motivational. Absences causesdissatisfactiondissatisfaction

PoliciesPolicies

SalarySalary Interpersonal relationshipsInterpersonal relationships

Job securityJob security

Work conditionsWork conditions

StatusStatus Technical supervisionTechnical supervision

Personal lifePersonal life


11/15

Satisfiers/MotivatorsSatisfiers/Motivators

Not unhappy if they are absent; willing toNot unhappy if they are absent; willing to

work to get themwork to get them

AchievementAchievement RecognitionRecognition

AdvancementAdvancement

The work itselfThe work itself

Possibility of growthPossibility of growth

ResponsibilityResponsibility


12/15

McClellands Learned NeedsMcClellands Learned Needs

TheoryTheory People learn their needs through lifePeople learn their needs through life

experienceexperience

3 sets of needs:3 sets of needs: Need for Achievement: need to excelNeed for Achievement: need to excel

Need for Power: need to control or influenceNeed for Power: need to control or influence

othersothers

Need for Affiliation: need to associate withNeed for Affiliation: need to associate with

others. Form interpersonal relationshipsothers. Form interpersonal relationships


13/15

Process TheoriesProcess Theories

Focus on how individuals expectations andFocus on how individuals expectations and

preferences for outcomes associated withpreferences for outcomes associated with

their performance actually influencetheir performance actually influenceperformance.performance.


14/15

Vrooms Expectancy TheoryVrooms Expectancy Theory

Vroom theorized that people are not onlyVroom theorized that people are not only

driven by their needs, but they makedriven by their needs, but they make

choices about what they will and will not dochoices about what they will and will not doto fulfill their needs based on 3 conditions:to fulfill their needs based on 3 conditions:


15/15

Vrooms ConditionsVrooms Conditions

Person must believe that effort to perform atPerson must believe that effort to perform at

a particular level will make the desireda particular level will make the desired

performance or behavior more likelyperformance or behavior more likely Desired performance or behavior must leadDesired performance or behavior must lead

to some concrete outcome or rewardto some concrete outcome or reward

Person must value the outcomePerson must value the outcome

motivation theory overview

Documents