MONGOLICA

AN INTERNATIONAL ANNUAL OF MONGOL STUDIES

Vol. 12 (33), 2002

Volume IV

3- Section III

, , Mongolian Literature, Culture and Arts

/CONTENTS/

(in Mongolian)

X., .O- VII III 9 . "", "" Mooc- 12 . 18 . 27 . 41 . 45 . 57 . 63 . 95 . 104 . 116 . 127 . - 131 . , 137 . 153 . . 175 . 187 . - 195 . 203 . 214 . , , 220 . 225 , 236 . - . 239 . 244 . . 293 . 304 . 319 . - 324 . 326 . 346 . 358

Papers in English

Abayev N.V. An approach to solving mans ecology problems by means ofExpert-Training system on the basis of the Chan-Buddhist psycho-cultural 371 David H.. Shamanism in Korea 384 Dugarov B.S. Interrelationship of landscapand epic story 402 Enebish J. The investigator of the Origin of the wooden Tsuur (Pipe) and Hoomii, usiny Ancient sources 406 Rolf Gilberg. Mongol Shaman oufit in the National Museum of Denmark 410 Shibayama Yutaka. Modernity in the Periodization of Mongolian Literature 418 Yang Enhong. A Comparative study of the Sinjing styles of Mongolian and Tibetan Gesar Artists 429

. (1990-2002) 442

"MONGOLICA" (1990-2002)

Vol.1 (22), 1990

3 Sh.Bira. The Secret History of The Mongols 4 . - 11 . " " " "- 16 .. " " 33 . "" 47 .. - " " 51 .. - - -" " 54 I de Rachewiltz. Three Mongolian Chronicles 71 . " " 80 .. "bg" "irgen" " " 92 . ""- 103 . " " 107 .. "-- " 114 . ""- 123 . ""- 129 .. " " 135 Naranbatu. Mongol-un niuca tobciyan"-u kelen- ge-yin nayiraul-a-yin asaudal-du 142 Shigeo, Ozawa. The System of the Indicative Endings in the language of "Secret History of the Mongols" 145 D.Tmrtogoo. The Consonant Weakening in the "Secret History of the Mongols" 146 . MHT- Ba-ta-ci-qan 151 Coijungjab. "Mongol-un niua tobiyan-u olan toan-u "u" daaburi-yin tuqai 154 . - 182 Eldengtei. Manju kelen-deki "Mongol-un niua tobiyan"-u ges 189 . " (XIII ) 220 . - " " 237 P. Qorlu-a, Aman jokiyal-un ulamjilal ba "Niua tobiyan" 247 K.H. " " 265 Krueger J. Chronologie and bibliography of the Secret History 277 . " - 283 ., . '- 294 . "- ( ) 305 342

Vol.2(23); 3(24)

. , , 5 . 17 ir. Sh. The Mongolian conception of Chingis khan: historic and mythical hero 32 .. - (XIII-XIV .) 50 Derevyanko .. The early Paleolithic in Mongolia 60 . XIII-XIV 71 . (1 . ..) 79 .. - (XVII-XX .) 96 . " X. 112 Walther Heissig. A Supplement to Ramayana in Mongolia 121 . "- 140 Eldentei. Manju kelen deki Mongol-un niua tobiyan-u ges ( , "" 1 (22), 1990) 148 . 172 qab 185 ... " 197 . 207 . - 215 . ' XX 230 .. ( ) 239 .. .. 245 Koldonga Sodnom. The oirats mentioned in the "Secret History of the Mongols 256 .. . 269 ., . , 276 . 282

Vol. 4 (25)

. 5 . - 29 . - 45 - . , 55 . 75 . () 83 .. 106 Kolbas J. Monetary Evidence for Trade in the Mongol Empire 119 , . 129 . 143 .. : - 152 .. - 162 . " 173 . . "" 196 . 203 . 215

Voi.5 (26)

Sixth International Congress of Mongolists Voi.I Section I: Archaeology, Early and Medieval History 9-250 A Note by the Editer-in Chief 9

Message from The Director General of UNESCO to the Participants of the Sixth Congress of Mongolists 12 - VI I 14 . 16 . 18 . , 24 . " "- 31 X. 36 . - ? 43 . 47 X. 53 X. XVIII-XIX 57 . " - 63 . - 69 -. 73 , , 80 . 89 . " 92 Amitai-Press R. Arabie Sources for the History of the Mongol Empire 99 Chabros. The Idol in the Hoop: An Altain Spirit-Support among the 17th century Oirad 108 Chin Deji. Nayan's Rebellion and the Reduction of the three Eastern Ulus 111 Cho, Oh Soon. A Comprative Study on the Costumes of Korean-Mongoiian Stone Statues (II) 118 Choi, Bok-Kyu. A study of the Mesolithic Culture in Korea 163 Deb .. Secrets of Traditional Folk Medicines and Needle Treatment /Acupuncture/ of Mongolia 170 Matsukawa T. On the Uighur Origin of the Mongolian Translation of the Sutra of the Great Bear 181 Morikawa T. Several Texts of Erdene-yin Tobci 189 Nam,Sang Geung. A study of military Technics of the Thirteenth Century Mongols 196 Smith J. The Mongols & World-Conquest 206 Stobdan P. Mongol General Galdan Tsewangs Invasion to Na-Ris-Skor-Sum 215 Haider M. The Kurultai in the Medieval Central Asean Sources 220 Haining T. Chinggis Khan: Man or Superman ? 235 HarvilahtiL. Epic Composition and Memory 244

Section II: Contemporary Mongolian History 251-414 " "- II 251 . 252 . 257 . 262 . 267 . 277 M. XX apra 283 . 290 . " "- 294 . XX 297 . 302 . 309 . 319 X. 332 . 343 . 352 , 357 . - 373 . 379 Hyer . Modernizing Mongolia: Some observations 382 Nakami T. Qaisan's Secret letters from Urga 394 Santaro M. Anthropologie of Mongolian medecine 399 Shirendyb B. Home schools in Mongolia 410

Vol VI. (27)

VI International Congress of Mongoiists Vol. IISection III: Mongolian language and letters

. 7 . " "- 18 . , 37 . 44 .. 46 . apra 48 . 56 . " " - 65 . - 73 . 76 . " " h- 78 . 89 . 18-19- 103 . 108 . 118

. - 126 . 154 . 165 . 175 .. "-" /Drben ndsn/ 183 .. , /XVII-XVIII . / 191 . /60-80- ../ 195 .. - "" 206 - . . 211 oco. " 215 . h 221 - . 224 . 229 .. 236 ... .. "" - 242 Mizuno Masanori. Accusative subjects in Khalkha Mongolian 255 Junko Miyawaki. International seminar on the Computerization of traditional Mongolian script 267 Choi Keeho. A study correlationship between the Korean language and Mongolian language 275 I de Rachewiltz. Some puzzling words in the Secret History of the Mongols 278 Wayne V. Richter. Mongolian script fonts from the Macintosh (r) Personal computer 287 Hans-Peter Vietze. Bio Bzan Bstan Jin Guusis errors 302 Jan-Olof Svantesson. Vowel Palatalization in Mongolian 311 Krueger. Further remarks on the Kokeondur MS of E.T. 319

Section IV: Literature, culture and history

. 323 . 329 . 343 . 17-18 349 .. " " 358 .. 360 .. - 366 X. 371 .. 376 , . 378 . , 384 . 390 . . 402 . "" 407 . "- 417 . 419 a " " 439 Hidehiro Okada. The bilig literature in Chinggis qaan-u cadig 452 Sul, Sung-Gyung. A comparative study of Mongolian and Korean folk tales 472 Walter Heissig. Ancient greek inflences on Mongol narrative motivs 481 Lauri Harvilahti. Epic composition and memory 485 Veronika Veit. Shih Kung An (Si Mergen Noyan-U) liger 492 . . 499 .. 509 . . "" 515 " " 522 . 527 . 533 . 549 . , 522 -. 556 . " "- 559 .. " " 568 .. ? 572 . 595 Abaeva L.L. Archaic roots and origin ot the cult Mongolians among the Mongols 606 Alexandre E. Note on the architecture of the monuments of the Tu Jue (turk) empires 609 Elizabetta Choido. The worship ot the white standard (caan tu slde) in Uusin banner 618 Klaus Sagaster. The ''Real Support'' of the cult of Chinggis khan 627 Chung Myung-Ho. Mongolian cultural elements in Korean formative Buddhist art 634 Shibayama Yutaka Burkhan and Kami 636

Vol. 7 VI International Congress of mongolists Vol.3Section V: Economics and philosophy and law and politics

. 5 . , , 13 . , 19 . , 30 . - 39 . 50 . 56 . " " 60 . 67 . 75 . ? 88 . 1930- II 93 . apra - " 96 . .1 120 . 122 . , , 124 . 141 . 151 . " "- 173 .. 189 .. 197 .. 204 . / 80- 90- / [214] Alicia J. Campi. The unique challenges facing Mongolia as it adapts its nomaic socialist economy to the market system [221] UI-Sup Shim. Lessons from Korea to Mongolia: Comporative Economic development context [235] Muneyuki Murai. A precondition for socialism in Mongolia [239] Teh-Kuang Chang. The special feature of the G. Lubsantseren Agwangbaldans Treatise "A Serenade of Attaining the Insight-Message of the Universe" [245] 1992 constitution of Mongolia [247] Daniel Rozenberg. Cultural issues in the privatization of Mongolia's postral production [251] Sechin Jagchid. Modernization and Nationalistic movements in Inner Mongolia [263] Alan Sanders Mongolias position as a landlocked state [274]

Vol.8. Vol 1. International bibliography on Mongolian Studies

Preface [3] Australia [5] Bulgaria [13] Denmark [23] Finland [43] France [61] Germany [86] England [155] Hungary [191] Israel [223] Italy [227] Korea [231] Poland [253] Sweden [365] Turkey [374] Vietnam [379]

Vol.9 (30)Seventh International Congress of Mongolists

vol.1. Section IV: Economics philosophy law and politics - , . . [11] . [15] Message of F. Mayor, Secretary-General, UNESCO [19] .. 10 [23] . [43] . XXI [61] . [73] . [87] . 1990 [103] - . [111] . , [121] . , , [137] . [145] . /1928-1932/ [151] X. XX, XXI [159] . [167] . [175] . , [187] . [195] . , [205] . , , " . [209] . , [219] . [221] . 1990 [247] . : [251] . [261] . , . [267] . [279] . [287] X. , 1990- [309] . [321] . [327] . , [331] . , , [337] . [349] . 1990- [361] , X. [371] . : [379] . [385] . - , [405] . [421] . , [431] , . [439] . , [445] -. [455] .. 1990- . [471] .. - [477] .. : , , [487] .. 1921-1924 [505] .. / / [511] Bayasakh J. Mongolia and Russia-China on the eve of the new millennium [521] Benweel A. The Role and Status of Women in the Gobi [531] Campi A. Moving Mongolian Nomadism into 21st Century: Cultural and Ecological Preservation oupled with Economic vitality and National Security [535] Hyer E. The Great Game, : Mongolia between Russia and China [561] Hyer P. Chinese Incursions into Mongolia in Modern times: The Activities of Wang Tongchun in the Ordos [569] Murai M. A special feature of Mongolia in the 1990 s from a legislative aspect [575] Lhagva O. On the space-time structures in the human civilization [581] Liao H. The Second Ulsyn Ikh Khural in Mongolian Transition Time [597] Robinson B. Mongolia in Trasition: New Forms of Education and Training [609] Santaro N. Mongolian Yurt Simulation of Universal Space and Global Rottion [613] Shim Ui Sup. International Comparison of Disadvantages for Mongolian Economic Development [617] Sovd G. The legal System of Mongolia [629] Stobdan P. Mongolia and Asian Secutity [633] Uranbileg J. Balance of Payments and stabilization Programme [647] Veit V. Mongolian Traditions: To Wang (1757-1887) and J.Sambuu (1895-1972) on Animal Husbandary [653] Schwarz H. Mongolia in the Era of Ethnicity [659]

Vol.10. (31) Seventh International Congress of Mongolists Vol. II.Section I: History, archaeology and anthropology

H. VII I [9] . , , [11] . XX [21] . "" [29] . V-V [43] . [49] . - (1206-1260) [55] . - , [83] --. [89] . 95] . - [101] . [113] . " [147] X. (-V) [155] . [167] . [173] . [177] . [187] X. [195] . .., .. [209] . [219] . [229] . [239] . [249] X. 1921 [263] .. - - [271] .. XIX XX [285] .. V-V . [293] .. : [299] . [307] .. [313] .. - XVII [321] .. .. .. [327] .. - [337] . [343] .. 20-30 . [357] Chiodo . Some Observations on two texts to Avalokitesvara from Xarbuxyn Balgas [369] Endicott-West E. Russo-Chinese merchan competition in Mongolia in 1910 [379] Gervers M. The Seated Goddess on the Felt Hanging from Pazyryk Kurgan [387] Nakami T. Russian diplomats and the mongol problems of independence in the early 1910s [401] Okada H. The mongolian independence of 1911: from the Chinese or the Manchus [415] Omakayeva E.. General Survey of Mongol Studies in Kalmykia [421] Rachewiltz I. Was Toregene Qatun Ogedei's "Sixth Empress [441] Smith J. Obstacles to the Mongol conquest of Europe [461] Voaden D. Aviation and Politics in Mongolia: 1921-1947 [471] Wakamatsu H. A study of Qinghai Thirty Banners [485] Wright D. Mongolian Studies in Ch'ing China [489]

Vol.11 (32), 2001

., X., . . [7] . . [21] . , [27] . [39] . [54] . " [62] . [66] . - [73] . [85] . [93] . , [98] - . , [104] .. , [114] . [120] . [136] . [139] . [157] . , , , [165] . [168] Y. , [171] . [181] . , [197] , . [204] . [239] -. , , [245] . " " - "klg" , [258] . [265] . , , , [270] . [282] .., .. - - [288] Baatar ... Several questions in the mngolian language editions of the four books [293] Choi Kee-Ho. A study of the genealogy of Korean and Mongolian languages [297] Eva Csakki. A glimpse at the history of the research on Turkic and Mongolian loan suffixes [302] Jun-Olof Svantesson. Reduplication in Mongolian phonology [313] Hans-Peter Vietze. The Kalmyk script on computer [322] Masanori M. On verbal suffixes which can indicate a past fact in Modern Mongolian [327] Stephane Grivelet. The study of the Mongolian attempt of script shift and its implication for the definition of digraphia [330] Tmrtogoo D. On some inflexional suffixes transferred into the world-stem in Mongolian [336] Vivan Franzen. An acoustic investigation of Mongolian vowels

Vol. 12 (33), 2002

X., . - VII III X. , - . . . . X. . . . . . . - . , . . . . . - . . . , , . . . - . . . . . - . . . Abayev N.V. An approach to solving man, ecology problems by means of Expert-Training system on the basis of the Chan-Buddhist pycho-culItural David H.B. Shamanism in Korea Dugarov B.s. Interrelationship of landscape and epic story Enebish J. The investigatior of the Origin of the wooden Tsuur (Pipe) and Hoomii, usiny Ancient sources Rolf Gilberg. Mongol Shaman oufit in the National Museum of Denmark Shibayama Yutaka. Modernity in the Periodization of Mongolian Literature Yang Enhong. A Comparative study of the Sinjing styles of Mongolian and Tibetan Gesar Artists .. ( 1990-2002)

Fifth International congress of Mongolists Vol. 1 . [3] . [9] Message by Mr. Georges Malempre [12] . [14] . - [20] .. - [25] Heissig W. Historical realities and elements in the mongol heroicepic [33] A.. - - [37] , , - [44] . [49] . [53] . [57] - . - [62] . (XIX XX ) [65] H.XIV-XVII , [71] . [75] X. [79] . - [84] . II - [90] . [93] . 19- [96] . - [99] . - [103] . , [109] . [113] X. [116] . " " [120] . , [123] . [128] , . [132] .. [138] .. [143] .. [146] .. [151] P.E. . -- [158] .. XVIII - XIX . [165] . 1931 [170] . [178] .. - (. XX ) [182] . - [189] .. V-V [193] .. (XIII ) [197] -. - [203] . . [209] . - [213] . [220] ., .. " " [227] .. - . [240] .. [247] . . - 1912 . [253] , XX [260] . [265] . [269] .. [272] . [278] .. [283] .. [288] .. [294] .. XVIII [300] . [308] Owen Lattimore. Mongolia as a leading State [312] Butler W.E. Mongolia in the family of socialist legal system [322] Onuki M. How socialism has changed the nomadism the significance of the change from the research in Brd vrkhangai aimag [325] Address by Vongdara Bosenham [329] Motamedi A.A. Vestiges of the Mongols in Afghanis tan [331] Chen Gaohua. Palatial life in Shangdu during Uuan dynasty [334] Krystina Chabros. Man in time and space: an interpretation of some symbolic aspectsof nomadization in Mongolia [335] Erika Taube. Unknown ethnographic and folklore materials of the Kalmuks [340] Piero Corradini. Mongols in the administration of the Ching (Manchu) Empire [343] Paul D. Buell. Mongolian foods and recipes in the Yin-shan cheng-yao: perspectives on the changing foodways of a pastoral people [349] Muneyki Murai. Theoretical revision in "Non-Capitalist development" : A theory of socialist orientation-the position of Mongolia The theoty of socialist way in the third world [365] Junko-Miyawaki. On the first Rje-btsun-dam pa Khutughtu [370] Michael Underdown. The creation of Sayin Noyan ayimag [375] Judith Nordby. Mongolian Women of the revolution 1921-1928 a preliminary study [386] Hidehiro Okada. Origin of the Ordos shrine of Chinggis Khan [394] Yoshida-Junichi. On the battle of Koyiten [400] Phunchok stobdan. Process of Urbanization in Mongolia [410] Esfahanian D.The effect of the Mongol invasion on the course of Iranian History [413] Shinichi Kubota. On the religious code of Tegus Bayasgalan-tu Nom-un Sang Keid Temple [415] Rosen S. An early Mongol manuscript in Sweden [417] Tetsuo Morikawa. Some remarks on the Biography of Altan Qaan [424] Tanaka K. On the value of a brief history of the Mongolian revolution in reconstructing the true picture of the Ear Eastern Republic [428] Sharma R.C. Emerging cultural and scientific Indo-Mongolian Linkages [431] Gombojab Hangin. The Garli sacrifice at the Ejen Khoro [433] Bischoff F.A The political import of the Legendary seal of Chinggis Khan [441]

Vol.2. , , . [3] . [8] . temg-// [14] . [17] . / / [22] . 1- /u/- /-/ [29] . [35] . [40] . , [50] . [54] . [59] . [63] . [67] . [72] . [78] . . - [83] . /. / [87] . [91] . [94] . [97] . : [100] . [110] . [113] . , , [117] . . - " [120] ., . [127] X. [131] . [135] A.A. [141] . [147] . " [151] - . [161] . [165] . [170] .. [174] .. [179] . [185] .. : [188] . - . Mahavyutpatti [194] . [200] . [207] . [219] . [223] . [231] .. : / -/ [237] . [245] . [249] . [251] . [255] . [260] . - 267 .., .. 273 . 279 .. 284 . 291 .. 297 .. 304 Bayartu. Geser khan of Beijing edition 312 Marie-Lise Beffa & Roberte Hamayori. Written Mongolian from its transliteration to its automatic writing, Analysis and coding of the traditional Mongolian script for computer-processing 315 Agnes Birtalan. Two tales of damamukonamasutra (liger-n dalai) in oirat oral tradition 327 Ozawa Sh.The system of the indicative endings in the language of "Secret History of the Mongols" 335 Igor de Rachewiltz. Some reflections on paragraph one of the Secret history of the Mongols 337 Robert I. Binnick. On the most distant affiliations of the mongolian languages 344 Okada K, Some remarks on the textology of the short story "White month and black tears by D.Natsagdorj 355 Nagi G. Some sociolingvistic aspects of socialist construction in the MPR 363 Boris Aradovic. The Mongol invasion in Croatia and its impact on ctoatian literature 365 Yutaka shibayama. The development of modern mongolia short stories in the course of modernization 373 B.Burinbeki. The Aethetics of mongolian poetry and its course of development 376 Choi. Lubsangjav. On the types of mongolian word roots 380 Lauri Harvilahti. Overtone singing and spectral analysis 382 James Evert Bosson. A modest proposal for the erymology of mongol 391 Mikio Shimizu. On the cononant ''g'' in modern khalkha dialect (summary) 395 Hitoshi Kuribayashi. How the redused vowels have influenced the syllabic structure of Mongolian 396 Renate Bauwe. A discourse on the mongolian tuudsh as literaru genre 402 Elizabeth Endicott-West. Muslim merchants in the mongolian Yuan dinasty 407 Jan Olof Svantesson. Stress in Khalkha Mongolian 410

Vol.3.

. , , 3 . 6 X. "" 9 . "- 13 . "- 29 . 1986 - - 36 . 41 . 47 . 55 . , 59 . 66 . 71 . 76 . 81 . . 90 . 95 . /1977-1986/ 101 .., .. - /27 / 107 .. XVII- XVIII . 112 . . 113 . 119 .. 128 . " " 134 .. 143 . - 147 ., . XII-XVI . 155 . 160 ., . 164 .., .. : 171 . " 176 .. , , 180 . 186 .. 192

-. XX 198 .. - 202 . . / / 209 .. - 213 .. .... ^ 225 ., . - - 229 Beserve The right of safe conduct: A re-examination of the cause for the Mongol assault on khwarezm, 1219-1225 232 Bawden C.R. The first British mcngolists (1818-1840) 241 Egly Aleksandr. Queiques apports Tibetains dans I'architecture Mongole 252 Maurizio Tosi. A reconsideration of the developed for ging economy in Central Asia and Mongolia during early and middle holocene times at the light of recently research in the middle east 256 Dominique Dumas. The so-called ''religious indiference'' of the Mongols 262 Cai-Mei-biao. Events relating to Toregene Khatun (summary) 265 John R.Krueger. Crowley as American linguist and first black mongolist 268 Veronika Veil, Five Manju-Mongolian Documents from the Ch len-lung/ Chia-ch'ingPeriods in the Library of the Academy in Hhhot 273 Tuncer Gulensoy. The mongolian studies in Turkey and the Turkish and Mongolian languages 274 Sayed Sultan Shah Homam. A brief report on the Kabul manuscript 284 Kara G. Kirghiz onomatopoeic words of Mongolian origin 294 Osman fikri Sertkaya. Mongolian words and forms in Chagatay Turkish (eastern Turki) and Turkey turkish (western turki) 297 Esther Jacobson. Order and selection in the art of prehistoric Mongolia 306 Yar Muhammad Khan, and Dean. The political relations of the turkish sultans of Indo-Pakistan with the Mongols in the 13th century 321 Henry G.Schwarz. Otrar 333 Toshitaka Nakae. Outlook of mongolian studies in the field of dairy science throughout the world 341 Tubshin. Mongolian studies in Inner Mongolia University (abstract) 345 Nejat Dijarbekili. Military architectural constructions in Mongolia "The watch towers" 346 Bahaeddin Ogel. Studiesand res earches on Turkish-Mongois relations in the universities of Turkey 352 Gervers M. The generation that live in felt tents: The history and use of felt among the nomads 357 Jacques Legrand. The aspiration and the unity of Mongolian articulation system 368 Ivan Dolezal. Data on the MPR and the Manchurian province in the occupied Czechoslovakias press in the years of the world war II 374