mode of communication

8/11/2019 Mode of Communication

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Total Communication is a philosophy

requiring the incorporation of

appropriate aural, manual, and oralmodes of communication in order toinsure effective communication with andamong hearing impaired persons

Gannon, 1981, p.369


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Hearing individualsbenefit from

information given tothem from theenvironment via theauditory channel

Deaf and Hard ofHearing individuals

must use othermeans ofexchanginginformation in orderto provide a base for

languagedevelopment


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Firstcommunicationthrough sign in A.D.530

Benedictine monks

formed a signsystem tocommunicate dailyneeds while

keeping a vow ofsilence

Each countrydeveloped a signsystem

Signs were sharedand systemschanged


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ASL = American Sign Language or Ameslan

Created by deaf individuals in the UnitedStates

Now it is used by 250,000 to 500,000

Americans of varying ages

60% of ASL signs originated from French sign

language

Accounts of sign communication is recorded-


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American Sign Language (ASL)

Manually Coded English Systems

Contact Signing (CS) Rochester Method

Total Communication

Oral Communication Cued Speech


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Visual/manual communication system withits own syntax and vocabulary

Signs in conjunction with facial expressionand body language convey concepts

Facial and bodily cues differ from

nonverbal cues used with speech

An interactive language between the

signer and the receiver


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Speech aspects thatcommunicate thespeakers intention

include consonantaland vocalicsegments that areblended together to

form the message

ASL also hassegmentaldistinctions that are

blended to formsigns that are thenorganized to conveythe signers intention


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Research conducted by William Stokoeidentified three independent part of asign

1. Handshape or dez (designator)how the fingers are extended

2. Location or tab (tabulation)

where on the body or in space the sign is

made3. Movement orsig (signation)

how the hand or hands move up,down, circular, etc.

(Baker & Battison, 1980)


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-From the study of humans who areborn deaf and learn sign languagesthat are used around them that the

ability to hear speech sounds is notnecessary condition for theacquisition and use of language.

-Certain auditory locations within thecortex are activated during signing

even though no sound is producethat supporting the contention thatthe brain is neurologically equippedfor language rather than speech.


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WRITINGWriting is a method of representinglanguage in visual or tactile form.

Writing systems use sets of symbols torepresent the sounds of speech, and mayalso have symbols for such things as

punctuation and numerals.


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Written and spoken language differ in many ways.

However some forms of writing are closer tospeech than others, and vice versa. Below aresome of the ways in which these two forms oflanguage differ:

Writing is usually permanent and written textscannot usually be changed once they have beenprinted/written out.Speech is usually transient, unless recorded, andspeakers can correct themselves and change

their utterances as they go along.


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A written text can communicate across time andspace for as long as the particular language andwriting system is still understood.Speech is usually used for immediate interactions.Written language tends to be more complex and

intricate than speech with longer sentences andmany subordinate clauses. The punctuation andlayout of written texts also have no spokenequivalent. However some forms of written

language, such as instant messages and email,are closer to spoken language.

mode of communication

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