missouri ffa and agriculture education · web viewlandscape management: landscape design concepts...

Landscape Management: Landscape Design Concepts

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Landscape Management LM2 Landscape Design Concepts

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Design Elements:

Texture:

Form:


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Color:

Line:

Principle of Design:


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Scale and Proportion:

Balance:

Rhythm, Sequence and Repetition:


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Landscape Design:

Focal Point:

Plants:


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Symbols:

Variations of Circles:

Variation of Lines:

Plant List:

Lettering:

Title Block:

TM2.3



LM2.1



LM2.1


Plant Forms

Form Description Examples

Horizontal Spreading

Pendulous

Trailing

Mounded

Irregular

Pyramidal

Columnar

Rounded

Oval

Vase-Shaped (Upright Spreading)


LM2.2


Plant Forms

Form Description Examples

Horizontal SpreadingBranches and leaves form broad crowns; crowns expand in horizontal fashion

Live oaks, London plane trees

Penduloussometimes called “weeping” trees, long flexible branches which may or may not touch the ground, irregular shape

weeping willow, weeping cherry, weeping mulberry

TrailingProduce horizontal growth; few if any upright branches; good for border planting and ground cover

Wintercreeper euonymus, jasmine, bleeding heart, wisteria

Mounded

Rounded shape, short to the ground; similar to round but stem-length is shorter so shrub is closer to the ground than rounded tree

Japanese spiraea, Japenese garden juniper, eastern white pine

Irregularcan be variety of heights, sometimes more wide than tall, open and irregular shape

cherry, dogwood, ginkgo, mimosa

Pyramidal wide at the bottom, horizontal branches, need space for wide expansion

blue spruce, Fraser fir, pin oak, western red cedar

Columnartall, narrow, upright branches, height provides screen or block without being too wide

Italian cypress, Lombardy poplar, pyramid oak, Emerald Green arborvitae.

Rounded upright with dense branching upright to form rounded shape

jacaranda, red oak, Ohio buckeye, red maple, white ash

Oval Similar to rounded, but more oval shaped (taller and narrower)

green ash, American mountain ash, paperbark birch, Norway maple, Kentucky coffeetree

Vase-Shaped (Upright Spreading)

widest at the top just like a vase, branches are upright, offers elevated shade for walking below

crape myrtle, American elm, Kwanzan cherry

Fastigate similar to columnar but have multiple trunks, not usually natural varieties

upright European hornbeam, fastigiate Ginkgo biloba


LM2.2


Landscape Plans

Critique the landscape plans for their use of the design elements.

Landscape 1

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 2

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 3

Texture

Form

Line

Color

Landscape 4

Texture

Form

Line

Color


LM2.3


Balance in a Landscape

1. Sketch a landscape with symmetrical balance.

2. Sketch a landscape with asymmetrical balance


LM2.5


Landscape Designs

At three locations at or near the school, evaluate landscape design for the design elements.

Location #1

Description of area_____________________________________________________________________

Evaluate each design element:

Texture

Basic plant forms

Color/environmental factors

Line

Emotion

Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point

Location #2



Texture

Basic plant forms


Line

Emotion


LM2.5


Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point

Location #3



Texture

Basic plant forms


Line

Emotion

Size of plants

Balance

Rhythm

Simplicity

Focal point


LM2.5


Arrangement of Trees and Shrubs

Trees and shrubs can be arranged in the public, private, and service/utility areas in any of three ways: line plantings, corner plantings, and foundation plantings. All plantings are grounded in cultivated beds and mulched. Design elements and principles are used in order to help stimulate imagination and interest in the plantings.

Line Plantings- Line plantings of trees and shrubs can be used to make walls, screens, or enclosures. Line plantings can be composed to block or frame a view. They can give total, partial, or no privacy. To enhance a line planting be careful not to oversimplify, causing monotony; or to create chaos, with too much variety of any design element. A line planting looks appealing when trees and shrubs are put into groups of three, five, or seven. An effective way to make a line planting is to place shorter plants in front of taller ones, and stagger the plants in the line.

Corner Plantings- Corner plantings are used at the corners of connecting lines in a landscape plan and are formed with two parts, the in-curve and the out-curve. The in-curve is the center of the planting area where the tallest plant is placed. It is also the area of the planting that will attract most of a viewer’s attention. The out-curve is on both sides of the in-curve. Shorter plants are placed at the out-curve with taller plants placed at the in-curve, giving a stair-step effect. Corner plantings can be added to the end of a line planting for a continuous screen or wall effect.


LM2.6


Foundation Plantings- Foundation plantings are placed directly alongside a house. They were very popular many years ago in helping to hide large foundations. Today, homes are built more efficiently and it is not usually necessary to cover the foundation area. Foundation plantings are still used today, but have a different purpose. They help connect the house to the rest of the landscape. Foundation plantings are more effective if they do not stop at a corner of the house, but continue around the corner of into the yard.

Public Area- The focal point in the public area is the front door and entryway. The landscaping of the public area should be attractive and inviting, easily leading people into the house or building. The funneling approach is the best way to draw attention to an entrance. The taller plants are placed the furthest from the door. As the plants are placed closer to the door, their heights gradually decrease.

Another approach that can be used to draw attention to the front door is to emphasize the doorway by using manufactured or natural enrichments such as boulders, birdbaths, or driftwoods. A strong visual characteristic of form, color, or texture in an accent plant or specimen plant will work as well.

Private and Service/Utility Area- Opportunity for creativity exists in placement of the focal points in the private and service/utility areas. The focal point should be emphasized, and the remaining area arranged to complement the coal point. How the area is designed depends on the size and shape of the area and how it is to be used. The private area is a place of privacy and relaxation. It is an extension of a house to the outdoors, often including a patio or deck and an open space for activities. The entire area can be landscaped formally or informally, depending on the client’s desire.

The service/utility area may or may not have a focal point, depending upon the actual use and size of the area. It may be partially or totally screened. The private and service/utility areas can be screened and divided to control views into and out of the areas. Screens and divisions aid in traffic circulation. Screens and divisions can be made with line or corner plantings, or constructed from wood or concrete.


LM2.6


Landscape Scenarios

Assign student the two scenarios listed below. Teacher may choose to allow students to work in groups of two. After students are done, have them present designs and discuss how the elements make them different.

Using measurements given, complete the following steps in designing the public area.

Scenario 1:

Draw this section of house on graph paper using a scale of 1” = 4’

Design the public area using the front door as the Focal point.

Use a corner and foundation planting with mass groupings, accents, or specimen plants.

Make a list of all plant materials used. Design with plants that will grow well in this

sunlight. Remember not to cover the windows with

plants. Make a title block for this design. All images from IML Landscaping

Management

Scenario 2:

Draw this section of house on graph paper using a scale of 1” = 4’

Design the with line and corner plantings.

Create a focal point in the southwest corner to shade the patio from afternoon sun.

Design a partial screen for privacy from the western neighbor.

Add color to the design. Make a list of all plant materials

used. Make a title block for this design.


LM2.7


Landscape Scenarios

Rubric

Points 4 Points 3 Points 2 Points 1 Point

Drawing Drawing is done to

a scale that matches 1” = 4'

1 error in Scale

Drawing

2 errors in scale drawing

3 or more errors in scale

Plantings

All plantings/groupings are appropriate for the area designed.

Most plantings/groupings are appropriate for the area designed.

A few plantings/groupings are appropriate

for the area designed.

1 of the plantings/groupings

is appropriate for the area designed.

List of materials

All plants that are used are listed in

alphabetical order.

Most plants that are used are listed in

alphabetical order.

Few of the plants that are used are

listed in alphabetical order.

A couple plants that are used are

listed in alphabetical order.

Title Block

All elements of the title block are

presented

3 of the elements of the title block are

presented


presented


presented


LM2.7


Landscape Design Concepts Evaluation

Multiple Choice:1. Which is not a physical feature of a plant in relation to texture?

a. Barkb. Branchesc. Foliaged. Roots

2. What is simple leaf texture?a. Coarseb. Fine c. Mediumd. Receding

3. How many dimensions does a plant form have?a. Oneb. Twoc. Threed. Four

4. Which of the following give the longest lasting color in the plant environment?a. Barkb. Budsc. Flowersd. Foliage

5. What is not a principle of design? a. Focal pointb. Proportionc. Rhythmd. Texture

6. What is a mirror image balanced called? a. Asymmetricalb. Linearc. Off-balanced. Symmetrical

7. What type of plant has strong, visual feature but is most effective when planted in groupings?a. Accent plantb. Mass plantc. Single plantd. Specimen plant

8. Why is a line planting used?a. To block a viewb. To provide total privacyc. To give no privacyd. All of the above

9. Which is not true foundation planting?a. It was used many years agob. It is not necessary todayc. It unites the house to the yardd. It is not necessary to cover entire foundation area of the house.


LM2.8

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