methods of research week 3-f

8/10/2019 Methods of Research Week 3-F

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Methods ofResearchWeek 3Textbook: Adanza, E., Bermudo, P. Rasonabe, M. 2009.Methods of Research: A Primer. Manila. Rex Book Store


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Basic Applied and

Empirical Researchers

1. Basic researchesare those that deal with the process of

objects and things, or information about different topics with

no concern for a direct pay-off. Among these are studies on relationship, comparative analyses,

trends and projections.

Examples:

Relationship between emotional quotient and leadership skills

The intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors of students to enroll

in IT courses

Cost benefit analysis of contractual workers in manufacturing

cars.


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Basic Applied andEmpirical Researchers

2. Applied researches are those that probe into the unknown

using directly the results to a current problem.

examples:

Studies on rice substitutes

Modern methods for gall bladder operations

Different contraceptives for birth control

Use of native plants to serve as gasoline


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Basic Applied and


3. Empirical researches are more specific than basic

researches, but imply their nature from the use of data,

whether quantitative or qualitative.

Basically, they have the following important characteristics: Based upon observations and experiences;

Derived from direct data;


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Basic Applied and


Deal with population samples; and

Generally use estimations and hypothesis testing.

Problems that involve differences and relationships of

behavior or measurable characteristics are generally empirical

researches.


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Pure Researches

Pure researches -are researches which do not use empirical ordirect data, but are researches where the laboratory is the

humanmindand are geared towards the resolution or a

simplification of a problem or derivation of a concept or a

theory or even a formula.

Examples:

Thesis and dissertation of students for a Master of Science degree

in Mathematics, Statistics or Physics.


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Sources of Problems

Examples of Sources of Problems: Subjects in the classroom

The interaction of age and gender on the Process Methods

of Science in Teaching

Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation factors of students to takecomputer course

Intelligence theories and academic performance


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Sources of Problems

Examples of Sources of Problems:

Work experiences Interpersonal relations with co-workers

Communication flow in the three processes

The relationship between management styles of school

managers and faculty empowerment The implementation of TQM

Relationship between academic preparation and nursing

licensure examination


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Sources of Problems

Examples of Sources of Problems: Theories which need Empirical Support

Motivation-Hygiene theory with job satisfaction

Intelligence theories on learning and teaching

Cost-benefit of hiring contractual workers

Hollands theory with occupational preference


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Sources of Problems


Technological and Science Researches Quality of life among people living on the riverbanks of a

certain region

Drug addiction

Issues on pollution, global warming, tsunami, tornadoes,earthquake

Use of computers for aids in navigation

Quality health care


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Sources of Problems


Management Practices of Organizations

Practices in different organizations which need assessment

and improvement.

Some rules and regulations in government corporations maybe assessed in aid of legislation.


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Characteristics of a Good

Problem

The characteristics of a good problem are the following.:

1. firstly, it should be of interest to the researcher himself; one can

be eloquent on a subject matter which one knows and is interested

in.

2. it should have practical value to the researcher, the school;

3. it a current and novel issue;

4. more importantly, it can be finished within the allotted time,

depending on the subject, which is a requirement.


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Characteristics of a Good

Problem

The characteristics of a good problem are the following.: 5. it should not carry moral or legal impediment, nor should it be

controversial.

6. The data are available;

7. The variables are clear, separable, and updated.

8. It shall incur expenses affordable to the researcher.


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Factors that Influence theSelection of the Problem

A researcher paper usually has numerous constraints andthere are factors that limit the successful performance of

the project: The researcher should be aware of these things of :

1. availability of data

this is the most important consideration thata researcher should be concerned of.

One can never do an empirical researchwithout data.


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2. Funds

it is also one of the constraints.

A research activity is an investment and therefore, needsfunds.

One needs fund for questionnaires, data analysis, for papers,other materials and for the typing of the manuscript.

3. Capability of the writer

one should not write a topic on theory on numbers

when one has no9t taken the course.

One should write on topics which he believe he is capableof doing.


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4. Attitude and Interest of the researcher

one will be motivated to do the research if

one has the proper attitude and interest in

what one is doing.

5. Interest of the sponsor or the Benefactors should

be considered

should not conflict with the interest and

capability Of the researcher.


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6. Importance of the issues involved

- topics that are already saturated withfindings should be avoided. It should be a

topic that is current and likewise popular.

7. Regency of the issueit is an event or an issue that is

contemporary and of interest to many.


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8. cooperation of other People

one should be assured of others who willplay an important part in the research report.

9. Facilities and Instruments are available

- facilities and instruments needed in anexperiment should be available, especially

laboratory equipment and chemicals


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The Title of the ResearchReport

Considerations for choosing the title of the report:

1. it should not be long and should not be more than 20

words.

2. It should include the variables (independent and

dependent) and the method of analysis

3. it should give insight virtually on what the research is

all about

4. it should serve as a reference for the whole research

report which others can use.


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The Title of the ResearchReport

Considerations for choosing the title of the report:

5. it should enable one to claim the paper as his own, and

helps other rese3archers to refer to ones work as they surveysome theories themselves.

6. the following words should not be a part of the title since allresearches are studies, an analysis of variables, and aninvestigation like: A Study of, An Analysis of, or AnInvestigation of,

7. It should not important to include the date and locationthe investigation as these can be placed in the Scope andDelimitation of the Study


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Examples of Title of the

Research Report

The relationship Between Emotional Quotient and LeadershipSkills of Managers of a Manufacturing Firm

1. Independent Variable- Emotional Quotient 2. Dependent Variableleadership Skills

3. Method of AnalysisCorrelational analysis may

proceed to simple and multiple linear regression

Major Sources of Stress and Performance of Managers of Top

Corporation in Makati

1. Independent variableSources of Stress

2. Dependent VariablePerformance

3. Method of Analysiscorrelation analysis and proceed to linear

regression analysis


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Examples of Title of the

Research Report

The Role of Strategic Planning on the Organizational

Effectiveness of a Manufacturing Firm

1. Independent Variable- Strategic Planning

2. Dependent VariableOrganizational Effectiveness

3. Method of Analysissimple linear regression

Total Quality Management as an Organizational Development

Intervention on Faculty Empowerment

1. Independent variableTotal Quality Management

2. Dependent VariableFaculty Empowerment

3. Method of AnalysisPre and Post result, use dependent t-test


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Variables in QuantitativeResearch (cont'd)

Independent versus dependent independent variable (IV) is presumed to cause changes

in another variable

dependent variable (DV) is changed because of another

variable; it measures the effect of the independent

variable

exampleeffect of anxiety (IV) on memory (DV)


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Variables in QuantitativeResearch (cont'd)

Mediating and moderating variables

a mediating variable occurs between two other variables

in a causal chain (e.g., anxiety causes distraction

(mediating variable) which affects memory)

moderating variables qualify a causal relationship as

dependent on another variable - e.g., the impact ofanxiety on memory depends on level of fatigue

(moderating variable)


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Parts of a Research Report

There are two kinds of research formats:

1. The format of a thesis and dissertation; and

2. A format for a scientific research journal


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There are two kinds of research formats:

1. The format of a thesis and dissertation

Example:

Chapter Titles

1 The Problem and Its Background

2 Review of Related Literature and Studies

3 Methods of Research and Procedure

4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data

5 Summary of Findings, Conclusion and Recommendations


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2. A format for a scientific research journal

A. Abstract

B. Key Concepts

C. Objectives

D. Methodology E. Results and Discussions

F. Conclusion and Recommendation


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Detailed Discussion ofChapter 1

Introduction

The first word in the introduction should be strongenough to cause an impact on the reader or stimulate

interest in the paper.

Statement in this chapter should signify the importance of

the paper through statement supported and substantiated

by references from important researches.

Reports or quotation taken from references should not be

more than one-third of a page.


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Theoretical Framework orConceptual Framework

The research report may rest on a theory or set of theories.

It is a general statement which shows an interplay of variables, ahappening with an eventual result, a guide or a road map of what theresearch should be.

If the study has no theoretical framework, the researcher may build uphis own conceptual framework, putting all the variables in a schematicdiagram.

All the variables stated in the problem and the dynamics of suchvariables should be considered in this part.

Variables found in the study, but not mentioned in the framework, arebound to be questioned as irrelevant to the research.

methods of research week 3-f

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