Metabolism and Energy

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Cells require energy and materials to stay alive.

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Energy: The ability to do work.

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Types of EnergyPotential

Kinetic

Bond

Free

Stored energy

Energy of motion

The energy required to break a chemical bond

The energy in a chemical reaction available to do work

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ThermodynamicsWhat does thermodynamics study?

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Thermodynamics

The science that studies the transfer and transformation of thermal energy

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Laws of thermodynamics

1st Law: Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed from one form to another.

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Laws of Thermodynamics

2nd Law: all energy conversions result in an increase in entropy.

Entropy = disorderEnergy is required to keep order in a closed system

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Metabolism: all the chemical reactions that change or transfer matter and energy in cells.

the source of energy for cells is glucose C6H12O6

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Types of ReactionsWhat is the difference between an exergonic and an

endergonic reaction?

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Types of Reactions

Exergonic: Reaction that releases energy.

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Types of Reactions

Endergonic: Reaction that requires energy.

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Types of RespirationWhat is the difference between anaerobic

andaerobic respiration?

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Types of Respiration

Aerobic Cellular Respiration: Uses oxygen to release energy from glucose

Efficient

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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

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C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP

This reaction is an oversimplification and actually requires about 25 seperate reactions to occur

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Types of Respiration

Anaerobic Cellular Respiration: Does not oxygen to release energy from glucose

Not Efficient

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Metabolic PathwaysMetabolic pathways: a sequential series of chemical reactions in living cells

a substrate is changed into a product and the product becomes a substrate for a subsequent reactionrequire unique enzymes for each reaction in the pathway

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Metabolic Pathways

A high EA is required to get glucose to react with oxygen (it is not a spontaneous reaction). Use a series of enzyme controlled reactions to allow cells to control the rate of the reactions (produce energy when they need it).

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