mechanical electrical - justanswer

1997 Continental

Steering System

Inspection and Verification

1. Verify the customer's concern by operating the steering system while driving to duplicate the condition.

2. Inspect to determine if any of the following mechanical or electrical concerns apply:

VISUAL INSPECTION CHART

Mechanical Electrical

● Tire pressure, loose wheels. ● Lash in tie rod end, or front wheel

spindle tie rods. ● Loose suspension retainers. ● U-joints loose connecting bolts on

column intermediate shaft. ● Loose steering gear assembly

attachment to crossmember or intermediate shaft.

● Improper drive belt tension. ● Binding or misaligned steering

column. ● Power steering pump, fluid level,

hose leak or line restrictions. ● Power steering fluid burned, aerated

or contaminated with water (appearance of strawberry milk shake).

● Open Fuse 28 (10A) fuse junction panel or power distribution box Fuses 3 (60A), 7 (30A).

● Circuitry, connections—open, grounding or shorting.

● Vehicle dynamics control module.

3. If inspection reveals obvious concerns that can be readily identified, service as required.

4. If the concern remains after inspection, connect the Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent scan tool to the data link connector (DLC) located beneath the instrument panel to perform DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS test. If the scan

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1997 Continental

tool responds with NO RESPONSE/NOT EQUIPPED for the vehicle dynamic module, go to Pinpoint Test A. If the DATA LINK DIAGNOSTICS test is passed for the vehicle dynamic module, retrieve continuous DTCs and execute Self Test Diagnostics for the vehicle dynamic module to retrieve current DTCs.

5. If self test is passed and no DTCs are retrieved, go to the Symptom Chart to continue diagnostics.

6. If DTCs are retrieved, go to the Vehicle Dynamic Module Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index to continue diagnostics.

7. If the vehicle dynamic module cannot be accessed by the scan tool, go to Pinpoint Test A.

The Rotunda Service Bay Diagnostic System (SBDS®) 001-00001, may also be used to diagnose this system.

Symptom Charts

Refer to the Electrical and Vacuum Troubleshooting Manual for connector numbers cited in the pinpoint tests.

Use Rotunda Digital Volt-Ohmmeter 014-00407 and Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent to perform pinpoint tests.

Using NGS

Diagnostics for this system require use of the Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent. The module controlling the system being diagnosed communicates with the Data Link Connector located beneath the instrument panel.

Connect the OBD II style communication cable to the NGS. Attach the NGS and communication cable to the Data Link Connector beneath the instrument panel. Select the proper vehicle model and year from the NGS menu. You may then access the testing area of the NGS menu required to diagnose this vehicle system. Refer to the following Symptom Chart for module selection. Begin diagnosis as described in Section 18-04.

Rotunda Service Bay Diagnostic System (SBDS®) 001-00001 may also be used to diagnose this system.


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1997 Continental

Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) Diagnostic Trouble Code (DTC) Index

DTC DescriptionDTC Caused

By

ACTION TO TAKE Only if Data Communication Link Test Passes and Customer

Symptom Remains

B1317 Vehicle Dynamics Module Detects High Battery

VDM GO to DTC B1317.

B1318 Vehicle Dynamics Module Detects Low Battery

VDM GO to DTC B1318.

B1342 ECU Internal Short VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1722 Height Sensor Pwr—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1723 Height Sensor Pwr—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1731 LF Corner Up Timeout VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1732 LF Corner Down Timeout VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1733 RF Corner Up Timeout VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1734 RF Corner Down Timeout VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1735 Air Suspension LR Corner Up Timeout

VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1736 Air Suspension LR Corner Down Timeout


C1737 Air Suspension RR Corner Up Timeout


C1738 Air Suspension RR Corner Down Timeout


C1770 Vent Solenoid—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1773 Vent Solenoid—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1790 LR Air Spring Solenoid—Ckt Failure


C1793 LR Air Spring Solenoid—Short to Gnd



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1997 Continental

C1795 RR Air Spring Solenoid—Ckt Failure


C1798 RR Air Spring Solenoid—Short to Gnd


C1820 Compressor Thermal Timeout Exceeded


C1840 Disable Switch—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1842 Disable Switch—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1882 RF Height Sensor—Open Ckt VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1883 RF Height Sensor—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1884 RF Height Sensor—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1886 RR Height Sensor—Open Ckt VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1887 RR Height Sensor—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1888 RR Height Sensor—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1890 LF Height Sensor—Open Ckt VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1891 LF Height Sensor—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1892 LF Height Sensor—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1894 LR Height Sensor—Open Ckt VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1895 LR Height Sensor—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1896 LR Height Sensor—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1898 VAPSII—Ckt Loop Open VDM GO to DTC C1898.

C1901 RR Shock Actuator—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1904 RR Shock Actuator—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1905 LR Shock Actuator—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1908 LR Shock Actuator—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1909 RF Shock Actuator—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1912 RF Shock Actuator—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1913 LF Shock Actuator—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.


























1997 Continental

C1916 LF Shock Actuator—Short to Gnd VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1929 Front Comp Relay—Ckt Failure VDM GO to Section 04-05.

C1931 Front Comp Relay—Short to B+ VDM GO to Section 04-05.

U1023 Engine RPM Signal Not Received PCM REFER to the Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis Manual.

U1039 Vehicle Speed High Resolution Signal Missing or Invalid

ABS GO to Section 06-09, Inspection and Verification to continue diagnosis.

U1181 SCP Invalid or Missing Data for Personalization (Memory) Features

DDM GO to Section 01-09, Inspection and Verification to continue diagnosis.

U1199 SCP Invalid or Missing Data for External Access (Doors)


U1199 SCP Invalid or Missing Data for External Access (Doors)

LCM GO to Section 17-02, Inspection and Verification to continue diagnosis.

U1235 SCP Invalid or Missing Data for Displays


U1235 SCP Invalid or Missing Data for Displays

LCM GO to Section 13-01, Inspection and Verification to continue diagnosis.

U1736 SCP Lack of Acknowledgement for Telltales

VIC GO to Section 13-01, Inspection and Verification to continue diagnosis.

Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) Parameter Identification (PID) Index

Display Description PID Content

CCNTVDM Number of Continuous DTCs on VDM one count per bit

VSS_VDM Vehicle Speed Sensor Via SCP Network 1/128

VAPS_IN VAPSII Input Current Input 0-100%







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1997 Continental

VAPSOUT VAPSII Output Current Set Point 0-100%

HGT_PWR Height Sensor Power Volts

ASLFSOL Left Front Air Spring Solenoid ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

ASRFSOL Right Front Air Spring Solenoid ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

ASLRSOL Left Rear Air Spring Solenoid ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

ASRRSOL Right Rear Air Spring Solenoid ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

AS_COMP Air Suspension Compressor Relay State ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

AS_VNT Vent Solenoid Output State ON OFF SHORTVBAT SHORTGND OPEN

AS_TRIM Air Suspension at Accurate Trim TRIM notTRIM

ASDISSW Air Suspension Inhibit Switch ON OFF

RRSHOCK Right Rear Shock Actuator State FIRM SOFT OPEN B+ GND

LRSHOCK Left Rear Shock Actuator State FIRM SOFT OPEN B+ GND

RFSHOCK Right Front Shock Actuator State FIRM SOFT OPEN B+ GND

LFSHOCK Left Front Shock Actuator State FIRM SOFT OPEN B+ GND

DOORVDM External Access Door Ajar Switch AJAR notAJAR

IGN_RUN Ignition Switch State RUN notRUN

VBATVDM Battery Voltage volts Vehicle Dynamics Module (VDM) Active Command Index

Active Command Display Action

Module Sleep — —

Semi-Active Ride Control LFSH SOFT ON OFF

RFSH SOFT ON OFF

LRSH SOFT ON OFF

RRSH SOFT ON OFF

Air Suspension Control HGT POWER ON OFF

LF SOL ON OFF

RF SOL ON OFF


1997 Continental

LR SOL ON OFF

RR SOL ON OFF

COMPRESSR ON OFF

VENT ON OFF

WARN MSG ON OFF

VAPSII Output Pulse Control VAPSIIOUT ANALOG %

Symptom Chart

Steering System Diagnosis

Condition Possible Source Action

NOTE: Discolored Steering Fluid in a Rack-and-Pinion Steering System Should Not be Misdiagnosed as a Functional or Noise Concern When Steering Very Difficult/Very Easy.

● High (Excessive) Power Steering Efforts at All Vehicle Speeds is Recognized While Turning Corners and During Low Speed Maneuvers and Especially While Parking. The Assist Concerns May Occur in Both Directions or Only in One Direction, They May be

● Low power steering gear fluid.

● FILL as required and CHECK for system leaks.


1997 Continental

Intermittent, or Consistent/Continuous.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear assembly external or internal leak.

● REPLACE power steering short rack assembly. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Power steering pump external leak.

● REFER to Section 11-02.

● Power steering pump pressure and flow improper.

● PERFORM Pump Flow and Pressure Tests. SERVICE as required.

● Variable assist power steering system malfunction.

● RETRIEVE and SERVICE DTC.

● Improper drive belt tension.

● CHECK for proper drive belt tension. REFER to Section 03-05.

● Hose external leak. ● SERVICE or REPLACE as necessary.

● Hose restriction. ● CLEAN or REPLACE as necessary.

● Power steering pump pulley loose/warped.

● REPLACE power steering pump pulley. REFER to Section 11-02.


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1997 Continental

● Power steering pump drive belt loose/glazed/broken or water on drive belt.

● INSPECT drive belt tension and REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 03-05.

● Engine idle too low.

● REFER to Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis Manual.

● Tires not properly inflated.

● INFLATE to proper inflation.

● Suspension bent or interference.

● INSPECT, SERVICE or REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 04-00.

● System contaminated.

● INSPECT system for foreign material.

FLUSH systemREFER to power steering pump, Section 11-02.

● Return line full flow filter plugged and filter bypass valve will not open.

● Reservoir filter plugged.

● Filter in variable assist power steering II banjo bolt plugged (light effort at all times).

● Prior to replacing a power steering pump, EXAMINE filter in power steering pump reservoir and in power steering auxiliary actuator (under inlet connector assembly) for plugging and REPLACE power steering pump reservoir or steering auxiliary actuator mounting bolts as necessary. REFER to Section 11-02.







1997 Continental

● Flex coupling rubbing against housing face.

● REPOSITION flex coupling. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Steering column out of alignment or binding.

● ALIGN steering column assembly. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Low assist requested for stiff suspension setting.

● CHECK selection in Steering Assist Menu of message center.

● Engine Stalls With Steering Wheel Rotation During Parking

● Inoperative idle speed control circuit.

● REFER to Powertrain Control/Emissions Diagnosis Manual.

● Pressure switch on variable assist power steering inoperative or wire disconnected.

● RECONNECT wire or REPLACE pressure switch.

● Steering Does Not Vary With Vehicle Speed

● Steering Effort High at All Time

● Vehicle speed signal line open or shorted.


● Power steering auxiliary actuator inoperative.

● Open circuitry.




1997 Continental

● No Communication With Vehicle Dynamics Module

● Variable assist power steering system.

● REFER to Pinpoint Test A.

● Low Efforts at All Vehicle Speeds

● Variable assist power steering system.


● High assist requested.

● CHECK selection in steering assist menu of message center.

● Check for clog in primary actuator mounting bolt filter.

● REPLACE banjo bolt.

● Low Efforts Above 48 km/h (30 mph)

● Variable assist power steering system malfunction.


NOTE: Clean Off the Power Rack and Pinion Steering Gear Before Performing ANY Power Rack and Pinion Steering Gear External Leakage Checks

● External Leakage at Steering Gear.

● Leaks between power steering control valve actuator and power rack and pinion steering gear.

● NOTE: The only serviceable components on the variable assist power steering power steering short rack are the tie rod bellows, front wheel spindle tie rods, power steering control valve actuator, actuator bolts and actuator bolt seals. All external leaks, which cannot be serviced by tightening tube fittings to torque




1997 Continental

specification, are to be serviced by installing a power steering short rack assembly. REFER to Section 11-02.

● TIGHTEN actuator bolts to specification. REPLACE four square cut seals and tighten mounting bolts to specification. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Leaks between power steering control valve actuator and actuator bolts.

● TIGHTEN actuator bolts to specification. REFER to Section 11-02. REPLACE two upper and two lower actuator seals.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear fittings loose, cross threaded or stripped.

● INSPECT and TIGHTEN to specification or REPLACE power steering short rack assembly. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Leaks from power rack and pinion steering gear seals (input shaft, pinion or either rack seals).

● REPLACEpower steering short rack assembly. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Steering gear housing cracked or leaking (due to a porous condition).









1997 Continental

NOTE: The Loose Condition Can be Detected With Greater Reliability With the Engine off and Steering Wheel Straight Ahead. A Very Light Touch on the Steering Wheel Should be Used in Checking for This Condition.

● Loose On Center.

● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling connecting bolt loose.

● TIGHTEN retaining nuts (to crossmember) to specification. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear mounting bolts loose.

● TIGHTEN to specification. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Intermediate shaft spring loaded U-bolt distorted.

● REPLACE U-bolt. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Flex coupling clamp bolt loose.

● TIGHTEN. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Front wheel spindle tie rod loose.

● REPLACE inner tie rod.

● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling joints loose or worn.

● REPLACE steering column intermediate shaft coupling assembly. REFER to Section 11-04.







1997 Continental

● Steering column clips missing or broken.

● REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Flex coupling fractured.

● REPLACE as required.

● Inner tie rod loose or worn.

● TIGHTEN or REPLACE as required.

● Wheel loose or worn.


● Loose lug nuts. ● TIGHTEN. REFER to Section 04-04.

NOTE: Groove on Steel Hub of Steering Wheel Must be in Line With Mark on Top End of Steering Shaft With Front Wheels in Straight Ahead Position to Line Up Steering Wheel Spokes Properly. Steering Wheel Centerline Should be Within 10 Degrees of Vertical Plane After Toe-In is Adjusted.

● Steering Wheel Not Centered Properly.

● Incorrect toe setting.

● SET front end alignment. REFER to Section 04-00.






1997 Continental

● Flex coupling clamp bolts loose/missing.

● REPLACE and TIGHTEN. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Pinion installed in rack off location.


● Power rack and pinion steering gear loose on front sub-frame.


● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling installed off location in column shaft V-block.

● INDEX shaft to correct position. REFER to Section 11-04.

NOTE: Discolored Steering Fluid in Rack-and-Pinion Steering System Should Not Be Misdiagnosed as a Functional or Noise Concern.

● Rough/Sticky Feeling—Erratic Steering Efforts

● Steering gear binding because of inadequate yoke clearance or gear tooth machining errors.

● PERFORM Turning Effort Check as described.

● Loose or worn drive belt.

● CHECK tensioner or REPLACE. REFER to Section 03-05.






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1997 Continental

● Front suspension lower arm ball joint worn.

● REPLACE front suspension lower arm assembly. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Column trim rubbing steering wheel.

● REPOSITION trim on column.

● Binding in power rack and pinion steering gear control valve assembly.


● Water or oil on drive belt.

● CLEAN or REPLACE. REFER to Section 03-05.


● ALIGN steering column. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Flex coupling distorted or fractured.

● ALIGN or REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Flex housing rubbing against housing face.

● ALIGN or REPOSITION flex coupling. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling joints binding.










1997 Continental

● Steering linkage, front spring and shocks are loose, worn or binding.

● LUBRICATE, ADJUST or REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Steering column clips missing or damaged.

● SERVICE as required. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Front wheel bearing loose or worn.



● Bent or damaged rack assembly.


● Low tire pressure. ● INFLATE tires to proper pressure.

● Improper front end alignment.

● ALIGN front end. REFER to Section 04-04.

● Momentary Build Up of Pressure Followed By a "Snapping" Feel or Sound With a Return To Normal Effort. Can Occur For Small Steering Corrections or Steering Reversal. May Occur In Either One or Both Directions.

● Excessive side clearance between Teflon® valve seals and housing.

● REPLACE power steering short rack. Refer to Section 11-02.









1997 Continental

● During Cold Start Below -6°C (21°F), Parking Steering Effort Is Very High. After Power Steering Warms Up, a "Snapping" Feel or Noise is Followed By a Return To Normal Steering Effort

● Excessive wear of steering gear housing at Teflon® valve seals.

● REPLACE power steering short rack. REFER to Section 11-02.

NOTE: Crosswinds and crowned roads may cause vehicle to pull right or left.

● Unequal Drive Efforts ● Left and Right

Steering Efforts Noticeably Unequal. Most Noticeable During Low-Speed, High-Input "S" Maneuvers.

● Vehicle Pulls or Leads to One Side While Trying to Maintain a Straight Course On Straight and Level Road.

● Radial tires (misaligned belts).

● INSPECT tires, REFER to Section 04-04.

● PERFORM the following test to determine if concern is related to power steering short rack or vehicle system:

● At 24-93 Km/h (15-58 mph) on a flat straight surface, SET vehicle in a straight line, PLACE shift selector in neutral position and TURN OFF ignition. If the vehicle continues to pull or drift in the same direction as the original concern, then the power steering short rack is not the cause. If the vehicle does not pull, but remains on a straight line, this indicates a power steering short rack concern and steering efforts should also be noticeably light in direction of pull. This condition is normally due to an unbalanced power




1997 Continental

steering short rack valve assembly. REPLACE power steering short rack as required.

● Front or rear end out of alignment.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear valve efforts unbalanced. (Efforts will be lighter in one direction.)

● ALIGN. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Front suspension components damaged.


● Low tire pressure in one or more tires.

● CHECK pressure and INFLATE/DEFLATE as necessary.

● Incorrect tire size or mismatched tires.

● CORRECT as required. REFER to Section 04-04.

● Dragging front or rear brakes.

● ADJUST if necessary. REFER to Section 06-00.

● Damaged or sagging front coil springs or air bladders in the rear suspension.

● REPLACE if necessary. REFER to Section 04-01 for Front Suspension and 04-02 for Rear Suspension.








1997 Continental

● Check suspension for loose or worn rear shock absorber struts, suspension arm retaining fasteners.

● TIGHTEN all retaining fasteners. REFER to Section 04-02 or 04-01 as required.

● Vehicle unevenly loaded.

● CORRECT as required.

● Front wheel bearing or rear wheel bearing worn.

● REFER to Sections 04-01 or 04-02.

● NOTE: Poor Returnability is a Condition Noticed When the Vehicle Fails to Return to a Nearly Straight Ahead Position After a Corner Maneuver. The Steering Wheel Should Return Within a Reasonable Period of Time Without Undue Help From the Driver. Returnability Concerns May Occur From Both Directions or Only From One Direction.

Poor Returnability


● REPOSITION trim ring in steering column tube assembly slots. REFER to Section 11-02.




1997 Continental

● Front suspension lower arm worn.

● REPLACE front suspension lower arm. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Damaged or binding upper strut bearing.

● REPLACE bearing. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Tight front wheel spindle tie rod or tie rod end ball joints.

● REPLACE front wheel spindle tie rod and/or tie rod ends.

● Steering valve assembly off balance. Efforts will be light in one direction and return will be poor in light direction.

● Steering gear binding internally.


● Improper front end alignment.

● ALIGN front end. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Steering linkage, front spring and shocks, loose, worn or binding.

● LUBRICATE, ADJUST or REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Tilt column bearing sideloaded by spring.

● REMOVE spring. If improved, REPLACE tilt yoke, shaft or steering wheel. REFER to Section 11-04.









1997 Continental

● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling joints binding.

● REPLACE steering column intermediate shaft coupling assembly. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Bent or damaged front crossmember causing binding of steering gear.

● REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 01-00.

● Steering column bearing binding.

● REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Steering column misaligned or binding.


● Low pressure in one or more tires.

● CHECK pressure and INFLATE/DEFLATE as necessary.

● Steering wheel clear vision off location.

● ADJUST toe-in as required. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Incorrect tire size or incorrect type.









1997 Continental

● NOTE: A Common Noise in the Power Rack and Pinion Steering Gear is a Hissing Sound. The Sound is Most Evident at Static Position or During Parking Maneuvers. There is no Relationship Between This Noise and Performance of the Steering. "Hiss" May Occur at end of Steering Wheel Travel or When Slowly Turning at Stand Still, or at a Particular Position.

Noise/Rattle/Clicks/ Pops/Squeaks/Creaks/Clunk /Squawk/Hiss There are Many System Noises Which Can be Misdiagnosed as Originating From the Power Rack and Pinion Steering Gear. Most System Noises are rpm Sensitive. Therefore, Turning the Steering Wheel Will Vary the rpm and Consequently the Noise Pitch. Careful Diagnosis is Necessary to Prevent Unnecessary Services. Partially Cycling the





1997 Continental

Steering Wheel With the Engine in OFF Can Help Determine if the Noise is Hydraulic.


● REPOSITION trim on steering column. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Loose or worn pump drive belt.

● CHECK tensioner or REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 03-05.

● Front suspension lower arm worn or binding.


● Damaged or binding upper strut bearing.

● REPLACE strut bearing. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Flex coupling distorted.

● ALIGN flex coupling. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Flex coupling clamp bolt loose.


● Power steering pump support loose or out of alignment.

● TIGHTEN and ALIGN. REFER to Section 11-02.









1997 Continental

● Lack of lubricant where horn/air bag brush contacts rubsteering wheel plate.

● LUBRICATE or ADJUST as required. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Column shaft clips missing.


● Column U-joints loose.

● REPLACE if necessary. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Loose tie rod ends or ball joints.

● REPLACE tie rod assembly.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear assembly loose on frame.


● Loose suspension struts.

● ADJUST or REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Flex coupling fractured.



● Pressure hose grounded against front fender or vacuum canister.

● REPOSITION pressure hoses.









1997 Continental

● Front wheel bearing loose or worn.

● REPLACE front wheel bearing. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Steering column out of alignment or lower steering column bearing out of position.

● CORRECT as necessary. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Steering shaft insulators cracked or dry.

● REPLACE or LUBRICATE as required. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Kinked pressure hoses.

● REPOSITION pressure hoses. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Power rack and pinion steering gear or power steering pump external leak.

● INSPECT and REPLACE or SERVICE as required. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Power steering pump pulley loose or warped.

● REPLACE power steering pump pulley assembly. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Aerated fluid. ● PURGE and EVACUATE system.

● Water in steering fluid.

● PURGE and EVACUATE system.









1997 Continental

● Excessive Hissing ● Insufficient instrument panel noise isolation.

● COMPARE noise level to similar model vehicles and SERVICE as required.

● Self-grounding of intermediate shaft.

● REPLACE intermediate shaft.

● Power steering short rack.

● REPLACE power steering short rack as required.

● Damaged or unseated steering column-to-dash boot.

● REPLACE if damaged. REFER to Section 11-02.

● NOTE: Pointing Characteristics are Normal with the Rack-and-Pinion Steering System Up to 10 Degrees Off-Center.

● Wandering/Darting/PointingCondition Noticed When the Vehicle is Driven in a Straight Ahead Position With the Steering Wheel Held in a Firm Position, and the Vehicle Wanders to Either Side. Darting Refers to Down the Road Steering Feel, it is Not Smooth and Seems to be Sticky and the

● Power rack and pinion steering gear retaining bolts loose or damaged.





1997 Continental

Driver Cannot Make Minor Correction With Ease. Pointing Refers to the Inability of the Vehicle to Return to a Straight Ahead Position After a Moderate to Higher Speed Lane Change.

● Improper front or rear end alignment.

● ALIGN. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Front lower control arm ball joint(s) worn.


● Damaged or binding strut upper bearing.

● REPLACE bearing. REFER to Section 04-01.

● Steering wheel clear vision off location.



● REPOSITION trim on steering column assembly. REFER to Section 11-04.

● Loose suspension struts or ball joints binding.

● ADJUST or REPLACE as required. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Loose front wheel spindle tie rods.

● REPLACE front wheel spindle tie rods.









1997 Continental

● Steering column intermediate shaft coupling joint loose or worn.

● REPLACE steering column intermediate shaft coupling. REFER to Section 11-04.



● Tie rod end inner ball socket loose or worn.

● REPLACE tie rod ends.



● Low tire pressure or incorrect pressure front to rear.

● CHECK tire pressure and INFLATE/DEFLATE as necessary. REFER to Section 04-04.

● Incorrect tire size or incorrect type.


● Radial tires (misaligned belts).

● REPLACE as required.

● Front wheel bearing and/or rear wheel bearing loose or worn.

● REFER to Sections 04-01 and/or 04-02.







1997 Continental

● Loose or worn rear suspension.

● TIGHTEN or REPLACE as necessary. REFER to Section 04-00.

● Improper brake operation or adjustment.

● INSPECT and ADJUST. CORRECT as required. REFER to Section 06-00.

● Vehicle unevenly loaded.

● CORRECT as required.

Power Steering Pump Noise Diagnosis

Condition Possible Source Action

● Loss of Power Steering

● Power Steering Belt Noise

● Check drive belt for proper tension or glazing.

● REPLACE drive belt as required. REFER to Section 03-05.

● Power Steering Pump Noisy

● Low fluid level and possible leakage.

● REFILL to specified level. PURGE air from system. CHECK for leaks. SERVICE as required.

● Plugged reservoir filter. ● REPLACE reservoir.

● Swish-Type Noise ● Fluid flow into the bypass valve of the pump valve housing with fluid temperature below 54°C (130°F)

● Normal noise.






1997 Continental

● Whine-Type Noise ● Aerated fluid, or cam contour damaged.

● PURGE system of air. If condition is not resolved, REPLACE power steering pump. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Clicking Mechanical-Type Noise

● Pump vanes too long, excessive wear of pumping elements. Excessive vane to slot clearance.

● REPLACE power steering pump. REFER to Section 11-02.

● Chatter-Type Noise ● Chipped corners on power steering pump rotor outside diameter.


● Other Cause of Noise ● Imperfections in one or more internal components of the pump.


Pinpoint Tests

DTC B1317: VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODULE DETECTS HIGH BATTERY

B1317-1 CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE

● Engine running. ● Lights, audio system and all accessories OFF. ● Use voltmeter to measure voltage between battery terminals










1997 Continental

Does voltage between battery terminals measure over 14.4 volts?

Yes No

SERVICE charging system. REFER to Section 14-00. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

RETRIEVE Continuous DTCs. If DTC B1317 is listed as Continuous Code but not detected during On-Board Diagnostic, CLEAR continuous code and repeat On-Board Diagnostic. If DTC B1317 is encountered during On-Board Diagnostic, REPLACE vehicle dynamics module and REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

DTC B1318: VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODULE DETECTS LOW BATTERY

B1318-1 CHECK BATTERY VOLTAGE

● Engine running. ● Lights, audio system and all accessories OFF. ● Use voltmeter to measure voltage between battery terminals.

Does voltage between battery terminals measure less than 12.5 volts?

Yes No

SERVICE charging system. REFER to Section 14-00. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

GO to B1318-2.

B1318-2 CHECK MODULE POWER CIRCUIT

NOTE: Module supply and module ground occupy a total of nine pins. Test each pin to eliminate possible partial supply or ground.

● Turn ignition switch OFF. ● Connect Rotunda 60-Pin Breakout Box 014-00322 or equivalent to vehicle dynamics

module connector C408 . ● Engine running. ● Lights, audio system and all accessories OFF.


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http://www.fordtechservice.dealerconnection.com/pubs/content/~WSVE/~MUS~LEN/19/SVEB0003.HTM#B1318-2

1997 Continental

● Measure voltage between Circuit 418 (DG/Y), module supply, and Circuit 430 (GY), module ground.

● Run On-Board Diagnostic several times.

Does voltage between any vehicle dynamics control module supply and ground pins drop below 11.0 volts?

Yes No

GO to B1318-3.

If DTC B1318 encountered as continuous code but not encountered during On-Board Diagnostic, CLEAR continuous codes and repeat On-Board Diagnostic. If not encountered again, TEST harness for intermittent open/short. If DTC B1318 encountered during On-Board Diagnostic, REPLACE vehicle dynamics module and REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

B1318-3 CHECK CIRCUIT RESISTANCE

● Turn ignition OFF. ● Measure resistance between pins holding Circuit 430 (GY) and battery negative terminal.

Is resistance more than 3 ohms?

Yes No

LOCATE and SERVICE open or high resistance in Circuit 430 (GY). RESTORE vehicle. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

LOCATE and SERVICE open or high resistance in Circuit 418 (DG/Y). RESTORE vehicle. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

DTC B1342: ECU DEFECTIVE

B1342-1 RETEST VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODULE INTERNAL DIAGNOSTICS

● Cycle ignition OFF.



1997 Continental

● Start engine. ● Check message center for CHECK RIDE CONTROL and/or CHECK STEERING ASSIST

message.

Is either/both message displayed in message center?

Yes No

GO to B1342-2. OPERATE vehicle over a variety of road surfaces. RETURN vehicle to service center. GO to B1342-2.

B1342-2 PERFORM ON-BOARD DIAGNOSTIC

● Perform On-Board Diagnostic under DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES on Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent. Record and service DTCs displayed.

● Perform RETRIEVE CONTINUOUS CODES under DIAGNOSTIC TEST MODES on Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent.

● Check retrieved DTCs from both NGS functions for B1342.

Are DTCs B1342 present?

Yes No

REPLACE vehicle dynamics module. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

Concern not evident at this time.

DTC C1898: VAPS II—CIRCUIT LOOP OPEN

C1898-1 CHECK VARIABLE ASSIST POWER STEERING ACTUATOR CONNECTOR

● Disconnect variable assist power steering actuator connector C129 and check for damaged pigtail, bent pins, dirt or corrosion.

Is connector, pins or pigtail worn or damaged?

Yes No




1997 Continental

SERVICE or REPLACE as required. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm repair.

GO to C1898-2.

C1898-2 CHECK ACTUATOR RESISTANCE

● Using an ohmmeter measure the resistance between the actuator terminals.

Is resistance 4-8 ohms?

Yes No

GO to C1898-3. REPLACE actuator. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm repair.

C1898-3 CHECK ACTUATOR FOR SHORT TO CASE

● Use an ohmmeter to measure resistance between the metal housing of the actuator and either terminal of the actuator.

Is resistance less than 10,000 ohms?

Yes No

REPLACE variable assist power steering actuator. RESTORE vehicle. RETEST system.

GO to C1898-4.

C1898-4 CHECK CIRCUIT 114 (LB/Y) RESISTANCE

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics control module connector C408 . ● Using an ohmmeter measure the resistance of Circuit 114 (LB/Y) between vehicle

dynamics module connector Pin C408 and variable assist power steering actuator connector C129 .

Is resistance less than 3 ohms?

Yes No

GO to C1898-5. SERVICE Circuit 114 (LB/Y) for open circuit.


http://www.fordtechservice.dealerconnection.com/pubs/content/~WSVE/~MUS~LEN/19/SVEB0003.HTM#C1898-2




1997 Continental

C1898-5 CHECK CIRCUIT 115 (LG/BK) RESISTANCE

● Variable assist power steering actuator and vehicle dynamics module disconnected. ● Using an ohmmeter, measure the resistance of Circuit 115 (LG/BK) between the variable

assist power steering actuator connector and Pin C408 of the vehicle dynamics module connector C129 .

Is resistance less than 3 ohms?

Yes No

GO to C1898-6. SERVICE Circuit 115 (LG/BK) for open. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.

C1898-6 CHECK CIRCUIT 114 (LB/Y) FOR SHORT TO GROUND

● Use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance of harness Pin C408 , Circuit 114 (LB/Y) and a known good ground.


Yes No

SERVICE Circuit 114 (LB/Y) for short to ground. GO to C1898-7. GO to C1898-7.

C1898-7 CHECK CIRCUIT 115 (LG/BK) FOR SHORT TO GROUND

● Use an ohmmeter to measure the resistance of harness Pin C408 , Circuit 115 (LG/BK) and a known good ground.


Yes No

SERVICE Circuit 115 (LG/BK) for short to ground. GO to C1898-8. GO to C1898-8.







1997 Continental

C1898-8 CHECK CIRCUIT 114 (LB/Y) FOR SHORT TO BATTERY

● Use a voltmeter to measure voltage between harness Pin C408 , Circuit 114 (LB/Y) and a known good ground.

Is B+ present?

Yes No

SERVICE Circuit 114 (LB/Y) for short to battery. GO to C1898-9. GO to C1898-9.

C1898-9 CHECK CIRCUIT 115 (LG/BK) FOR SHORT TO BATTERY

● Use voltmeter to measure voltage between harness connector Pin C408 , Circuit 115 (LG/BK) and a known good ground.

Is B+ present?

Yes No

SERVICE Circuit 115 (LG/BK) for short to battery. GO to C1898-10. GO to C1898-10.

C1898-10 CHECK VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODULE OUTPUT

● With variable assist power steering solenoid connected, connect Rotunda 60-Pin Breakout Box 014-00322 or equivalent to vehicle dynamics module connector C408 .

● Connect breakout box to vehicle dynamics module harness connector C408 . ● Turn ignition switch to RUN. ● Use Rotunda New Generation Star (NGS) Tester 007-00500 or equivalent to turn on

variable assist power steering output via ACTIVE COMMAND MODE TEST. ● Command variable assist power steering OUTPUT PULSE CONTROL. ● Measure variable assist power steering output between Pins C408 , Circuit 114 (LB/Y)

and C408 , Circuit 115 (LG/BK) of breakout box.

Does output vary according to the chosen 90 percent duty cycle?

Yes No

Concern not in evidence at this time. CONFIRM service by running On-Board Diagnostic.

REPLACE vehicle dynamics module. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic to confirm service.






1997 Continental

PINPOINT TEST A: STEERING DIAGNOSTICS CANNOT BE ENTERED

A1 CHECK FOR BATTERY VOLTAGE

● Measure voltage across battery terminals.

Does voltage exceed 11 volts?

Yes No

GO to A2. SERVICE charging system. REFER to Section 14-00.

A2 CHECK FOR BLOWN POWER DISTRIBUTION BOX FUSE 7 (30A)

● Check power distribution box Fuse 7 (30A).

Is fuse blown?

Yes No

GO to A8. GO to A3.

A3 CHECK FOR BLOWN FUSE JUNCTION PANEL FUSE 28 (10A)

● Check fuse junction panel Fuse 28 (10A).

Is fuse blown?

Yes No

GO to A9. GO to A4.

A4 CHECK FOR CIRCUIT 430 (G/Y) RESISTANCE

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics module from vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Measure resistance of Circuit 430 (G/Y) from Pin C408 in harness connector to ground.


http://www.fordtechservice.dealerconnection.com/pubs/content/~WSVE/~MUS~LEN/19/SVEB0003.HTM#A2






1997 Continental

Is resistance 5 ohms or less?

Yes No

GO to A5. SERVICE open in Circuit 430 (GY). REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

A5 CHECK FOR CIRCUIT 418 (DG/Y)

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics module from vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Remove power distribution box Fuse 22 (10A). ● Measure resistance of Circuit 418 (DG/Y) from power distribution box, to Pin C408 on

vehicle dynamics module harness connector C408 .


Yes No

GO TO A6. SERVICE open in Circuit 418 (DG/Y). REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

A6 CHECK FOR OPEN IN CIRCUIT 298 (P/O)

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics module from vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Remove and inspect fuse junction panel Fuse 28 (10A). ● Measure resistance of Circuit 298 (P/O) from fuse function panel Fuse 28 (10A) to Pin

C408 on vehicle dynamics module harness connector C408 .


Yes No

REPLACE Fuse 28 (10A) with a new fuse as required. GO to A7.

SERVICE open in Circuit 298 (P/O). REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

A7 CHECK HOT IN RUN FUNCTION

● Connect a voltmeter between Circuit 298 (P/O) and a known good ground. ● Cycle ignition switch several times from OFF to RUN to START to RUN.

Is battery voltage present at each ignition switch RUN position?





1997 Continental

Yes No

GO to A8. SERVICE power feed circuit from ignition switch to Fuse 28 (10A). RESTORE vehicle. RETEST system.

A8 CHECK FOR CIRCUIT 418 (DG/Y) SHORT TO GROUND

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics control module from vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Measure resistance from Circuit 418 (DG/Y) to ground.


Yes No

SERVICE short to ground on Circuit 418 (DG/Y). REPLACE power distribution box Fuse 22 (10A) with a new fuse as required. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

GO TO A9.

A9 CHECK FOR CIRCUIT 298 (P/O) SHORT TO GROUND

● Disconnect vehicle dynamics module from vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Measure resistance from Circuit 298 (P/O) to ground.


Yes No

SERVICE short to ground on Circuit 298 (P/O) as required. REPLACE Fuse 28 (10A) with a new fuse as required. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.

GO TO A10.

A10 CHECK FOR VEHICLE DYNAMICS MODULE FUNCTION

● Reconnect vehicle dynamics module to vehicle harness connector C408 . ● Measure resistance to ground on Circuits 418 (DG/Y) and 298 (P/O).






1997 Continental

Yes No

REFER to Section 18-04 to SERVICE J1850 communication network.

REPLACE vehicle dynamics module. REPLACE fuse. REPEAT On-Board Diagnostic.


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