measuringg and improving the resilience of and improving ... · undesired outcome an undesired...
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Measuringg and Improving the Resilience of Measuringg and Improving the ResilieaBuilt Environment in a Community
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International Workshop on Modeling of Physical, Economic, and Social Systems for Resilience Assessment
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Built environment within a a ccommunity
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Residential Commercial
Education government
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Natural Hazards
� Hurricanes
� Earthquakes
� Landslides
� Floods and storm surge
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2
Resilience of built environment
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Modifications before disruptive events
Time
Functionality
LostFunctionality
ResidualFunctionality
Time to full recovery
Repair after the disruptive events to restore system functionality
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Undesired outcome
� An Undesired Outcome is an event whose occurrence would adversely impact a community’s ability to function normally.
� Population Outmigration (PO) is chosen as a community resilience metric.
� Community Functionality is defined as the percentage of population remaining in the community.
4
An Undesired Outcome is an event whose o
Essential community functions
5
� 4 essential community functionsHousing (1); Employment(2); Education(3); Public service (4)
The functions are supported by building sectors
po,i: Probability of PO conditioned on the loss of function i onlypo,ij: Probability of PO conditioned on the loss of both functions i &jpo,ijk or po,ijkh : Probability of PO conditioned on the loss of more functions
Pi: Probability of function i being lost (independent)
� Measuring community functionality
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Pre-Workshop Draft for Workshop Attendees Only. 4-45
Measuring community functionality
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� Community Functionality
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Calibration according to o Mieler’ss work
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Mieler, M., Stojadinovic, B., Budnitz, R., Comerio, M., & Mahin, S. (2015). “A framework for linking community-resilience goals to specific performance targets for the built environment”. Earthquake Spectra, 31(3), 1267-1283.
OutcomesFunction
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Residents P1�2% P1�10% P1�20% P1>20%
Business P2�5% P2�20% P2�50% P2>50%
Education P3�5% P3�10% P3�20% P3>20%
Public Service P4�5% P4�20% P4�50% P4>50%
If two or more functions are in read, or three or more functions are in yellow, significant outmigration may occur
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0.128 0.297 0.373 0.2680.297 0.0436 0.279 0.1010.373 0.279 0.126 0.2780.268 0.101 0.278 0.051
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Beijing urban area
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An assumed community
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BuildingSector
BuildingCategory Number of Buildings Design Seismic
Intensity Level (SIL)
Residential buildings
R6 162 6 (0.07g)R7 203 7 (0.13g)R8 41 8 (0.25g)
Businessbuildings
B6 24 6 (0.07g)B7 32 7 (0.13g)B8 6 8 (0.25g)
Educationbuildings
E6 23 6 (0.07g)E7 23 7 (0.13g)E8 12 8 (0.25g)
Public service buildings
P6 13 6 (0.07g)P7 13 7 (0.13g)P8 6 8 (0.25g)
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Seismic behavior
10
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A power-law relationshipbetween structural inter-story drift ratio, T, and seismic intensity measure, PGA.
It is assumed the building becomes unoccupiable as Texceeds 1%.
Community functionality vs. seismic intensity
11
Communityperformance needs to be improved
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Retrofit Cost
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� Retrofit cost of building cluster i is give by:
� Optimum retrofit strategy:
Cost efficiency of retrofitting sector
Optimum retrofit strategy
13
Mainly enhances building sectors which are relatively less in amount as well as in retrofit costs, resulting higher cost efficiencies
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Support of traffic system to recovery
� Traffic system provides support to the recovery process of damaged buildings
� recourse supply rate of an individual building
� Weighted supply rate of a community
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resources needed daily for recovery with full speed
resources shipped daily for recovery through traffic system
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Bridge Fragility
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Bridges on second and third ring roads Bridges on forth and fifth ring roads
Damage State Slight Moderate Severe Collapse
Remained Capacity 1.0 0. 75 0.5 0.0
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Assumptions
� The damages of individual bridges are assumed to be independent.
� For each zone, the needed resource
� An optimization problem
Target: maximizing the weighted supply rate
using Simplex algorithm
17
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Probability distribution of supply rate
18
Mean = 0.567 Mean = 0.820
0.02
0.06
0.12
0.18
0.22
0.25
0.12
0.02 0.01
0.02 0.04
0.09
0.17
0.29 0.29
0.09
Immediately after the disruptive event One month after the disruptive event
Subjected to an earthquake with seismic intensity of 8
Recovery trajectory
19
Averagely, the community is back to normal after 3 months
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Recovery time (month)
90 percentile
Mean
10 percentile
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Seismic retrofitting to the bridges
20
All bridges are retrofitted to the seismic intensity of level 9
Retrofitting effect ct –– Comparison of supply rate
21
0.02 0.06
0.12
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retrofitted
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0.80
0.03
current
retrofitted
Immediately after the disruptive event One month after the disruptive event
Mean: 0.567 vs. 0.703 Mean: 0.820 vs. 0.922
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Retrofitting effect ct –– Comparison of recovery
22
The average time to be back to normal: 3 months
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0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
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0.8
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ity
Fun
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Recovery time (month)
90 percentile
Mean
10 percentile
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Reconvery time (month)
90 percentile
Mean
10 percentile
The average time to be back to normal: 2 months
Traffic system is not retrofitted Traffic system is retrofitted
Summary
23
� A measurement of community functionality is proposed, and its application is demonstrated
� The methodology to optimize the retrofitting strategy is developed.
� The supply rate is propposed to evaluate the performance of traffic system to support the recovery of built environment
Thank you for your attention!
Pre-Workshop Draft for Workshop Attendees Only. 4-54
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