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8/9/2019 Meanings 2
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KDYHVWUDQJOHGWKLVLPSXGHQWXSVWDUW6HHQRWHDWLPSHUWLQHQW
FRQJHQLDO |knjnyl|
DGMHFWLYH
RIDSHUVRQSOHDVDQWEHFDXVHRIDSHUVRQDOLW\TXDOLWLHVRULQWHUHVWV
WKDWDUHVLPLODUWRRQHVRZQKLVQHHGIRUVRPHFRQJHQLDOFRPSDQ\
6HHQRWHDWSOHDVDQW
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QXDQFH |n(y)olns|
QRXQ
DVXEWOHGLIIHUHQFHLQRUVKDGHRIPHDQLQJH[SUHVVLRQRUVRXQGWKH
QXDQFHVRIIDFLDOH[SUHVVLRQDQGERG\ODQJXDJH
q RIDWKLQJSOHDVDQWRUDJUHHDEOHEHFDXVHVXLWHGWRRQHVWDVWHRU
LQFOLQDWLRQKHZHQWEDFNWRDFOLPDWHPRUHFRQJHQLDOWRKLVFROG
VWRQ\VRXO
H[XOW |igzlt|
YHUE>LQWUDQV@
VKRZRUIHHOHODWLRQRUMXELODWLRQHVSDVWKHUHVXOWRIDVXFFHVV
H[XOWLQJLQKHUHVFDSH$QQLHFORVHGWKHGRRUEHKLQGKHU
LQYLJRUDWH |invigrt|
YHUE>WUDQV@
JLYHVWUHQJWKRUHQHUJ\WRWKHVKRZHUKDGLQYLJRUDWHGKHU_>DVDGM
@LQYLJRUDWLQJDEULVNLQYLJRUDWLQJZDON6HHQRWHDWTXLFNHQ
SURSULHW\ |p(r)prt|
QRXQSOWLHV
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WKHVWDWHRUTXDOLW\RIFRQIRUPLQJWRFRQYHQWLRQDOO\DFFHSWHG
VWDQGDUGVRIEHKDYLRURUPRUDOVKHDOZD\VEHKDYHGZLWKWKHXWPRVW
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QRXQ|eksrpt|
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IRUWKFRPLQJELRJUDSK\
q WDNHDQH[FHUSWRUH[FHUSWVIURPDWH[W
UXIIOH |r
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GLVRUGHURUGLVDUUDQJHVRPHRQHVKDLUW\SLFDOO\E\UXQQLQJRQHV
KDQGVWKURXJKLWKHUXIIOHGKHUKDLUDIIHFWLRQDWHO\
q RIDELUGHUHFWLWVIHDWKHUVLQDQJHURUGLVSOD\RQKLVGHSDUWXUH
WRWKHKLJKZLUHVWKHVWDUOLQJUXIIOHGKLVIHDWKHUVDQGIOLUWHGKLV
ZLQJV
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q GLVWXUEWKHVPRRWKQHVVRUWUDQTXLOLW\RIWKHHYHQLQJEUHH]H
UXIIOHGWKHVXUIDFHRIWKHSRQGLQWKH\DUG
q GLVFRQFHUWRUXSVHWWKHFRPSRVXUHRIVRPHRQH%ULDQKDGEHHQ
UXIIOHGE\KHUTXHVWLRQV
H[HUWLRQ |igzr sh n|
QRXQ
SK\VLFDORUPHQWDOHIIRUWVKHZDVSDQWLQJZLWKWKHH[HUWLRQ_D
ZHOOHDUQHGUHVWDIWHUWKHLUPHQWDOH[HUWLRQV
WKHDSSOLFDWLRQRIDIRUFHLQIOXHQFHRUTXDOLW\WKHH[HUWLRQRI
DXWKRULW\
JDVS |gasp|YHUE>LQWUDQV@
LQKDOHVXGGHQO\ZLWKWKHPRXWKRSHQRXWRISDLQRUDVWRQLVKPHQWD
ZRPDQJDVSHGLQKRUURUDWWKHVLJKWRIKLP
q >WUDQV@VD\VRPHWKLQJZKLOHFDWFKLQJRQHVEUHDWKHVSDVD
UHVXOWRIVWURQJHPRWLRQ-HUHP\JDVSHGRXWDQDSRORJ\_>ZLWK
GLUHFWVSHHFK@,WVEHDXWLIXOVKHJDVSHGPXFKLPSUHVVHG
q VWUDLQWRWDNHDGHHSEUHDWKVKHVXUIDFHGDQGJDVSHGIRUDLU
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FRQYDOHVFH |klnvles|
YHUE>LQWUDQV@
UHFRYHURQHVKHDOWKDQGVWUHQJWKRYHUDSHULRGRIWLPHDIWHUDQ
LOOQHVVRURSHUDWLRQKHVSHQWHLJKWPRQWKVFRQYDOHVFLQJDIWHUWKH
VWURNH
SHUVSLUH |prspr|
YHUE>LQWUDQV@
JLYHRXWVZHDWWKURXJKWKHSRUHVRIWKHVNLQDVWKHUHVXOWRIKHDW
SK\VLFDOH[HUWLRQRUVWUHVV:LOOZDVSHUVSLULQJKHDYLO\
DOOXUH |lor|
QRXQ
WKHTXDOLW\RIEHLQJSRZHUIXOO\DQGP\VWHULRXVO\DWWUDFWLYHRU
IDVFLQDWLQJSHRSOHIRUZKRPJROGKROGVQRDOOXUH
YHUE>WUDQV@
SRZHUIXOO\DWWUDFWRUFKDUPWHPSW>DVDGM@DOOXULQJWKHWRZQ
RIIHUVDOOXULQJVKRSVDQGUHVWDXUDQWV6HHQRWHDWWHPSW
SURIRXQG |prfound; pr-|
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DGMHFWLYHIRXQGHUIRXQGHVW
RIDVWDWHTXDOLW\RUHPRWLRQYHU\JUHDWRULQWHQVHSURIRXQG
VRFLDOFKDQJHV_SURIRXQGIHHOLQJVRIGLVTXLHW
q RIDGLVHDVHRUGLVDELOLW\YHU\VHYHUHGHHSVHDWHGDFDVHRI
SURIRXQGOLYHUIDLOXUH
RIDSHUVRQRUVWDWHPHQWKDYLQJRUVKRZLQJJUHDWNQRZOHGJHRU
LQVLJKWDSURIRXQGSKLORVRSKHU
q RIDVXEMHFWRUWKRXJKWGHPDQGLQJGHHSVWXG\RUWKRXJKW
H[SUHVVLQJSURIRXQGWUXWKVLQVLPSOHODQJXDJH
archaic DWIURPRUH[WHQGLQJWRDJUHDWGHSWKYHU\GHHSKH
RSHQHGWKHGRRUZLWKDSURIRXQGERZ
LQHEULDWH formal or humorous
YHUE|inbrt|>WUDQV@>RIWHQDVDGM@LQHEULDWHG
PDNHGUXQNLQWR[LFDWH
QRXQ|-br-it|
DGUXQNDUG
DGMHFWLYH|-br-it|
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GHVRODWLRQ |desl sh n|
noun
a state of complete emptiness or destruction : the stony desolation of the
desert. See note at solitude .
q anguished misery or loneliness : in chokeddesolation, she watched himleave.
ULEDOG |ribld; rib{ld; rb{ld|
DGMHFWLYH
UHIHUULQJWRVH[XDOPDWWHUVLQDQDPXVLQJO\UXGHRULUUHYHUHQWZD\D
ULEDOGFRPPHQW
YLYLG |vivid|
DGMHFWLYH
SURGXFLQJSRZHUIXOIHHOLQJVRUVWURQJFOHDULPDJHVLQWKHPLQG
PHPRULHVRIWKDWHYHQLQJZHUHVWLOOYLYLG_DYLYLGGHVFULSWLRQ6HH
QRWHDWJUDSKLF
q RIDFRORULQWHQVHO\GHHSRUEULJKW
archaic RIDSHUVRQRUDQLPDOOLYHO\DQGYLJRURXV
SUHGLFDPHQW |pridikmnt|
QRXQ
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DGLIILFXOWXQSOHDVDQWRUHPEDUUDVVLQJVLWXDWLRQWKHFOXEV
ILQDQFLDOSUHGLFDPHQW
JUDWLWXGH |gratt(y)od|
QRXQ
WKHTXDOLW\RIEHLQJWKDQNIXOUHDGLQHVVWRVKRZDSSUHFLDWLRQIRUDQG
WRUHWXUQNLQGQHVVVKHH[SUHVVHGKHUJUDWLWXGHWRWKHFRPPLWWHHIRU
WKHLUVXSSRUW
IHLJQ |fn|
YHUE>WUDQV@
SUHWHQGWREHDIIHFWHGE\DIHHOLQJVWDWHRULQMXU\VKHIHLJQHG
QHUYRXVQHVV
UHVSLWH |respt; rispt|
QRXQ
DVKRUWSHULRGRIUHVWRUUHOLHIIURPVRPHWKLQJGLIILFXOWRUXQSOHDVDQW
WKHUHIXJHHHQFDPSPHQWVZLOOSURYLGHVRPHUHVSLWHIURPWKH
VXIIHULQJ_>LQVLQJ@DEULHIUHVSLWHIURPDGLUHIRRGVKRUWDJH
q DVKRUWGHOD\SHUPLWWHGEHIRUHDQXQSOHDVDQWREOLJDWLRQLVPHWRUD
SXQLVKPHQWLVFDUULHGRXW
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YHUE>WUDQV@rare
SRVWSRQHDVHQWHQFHREOLJDWLRQHWFWKHH[HFXWLRQZDVRQO\
UHVSLWHGDIHZPRQWKV
IUD\
QRXQWKHIUD\
y a situation of intense activity, typically one incorporating anelement of aggression or competition : nineteen companiesintend to bid for the contract, with three more expected to
enter the fray.
q DEDWWOHRUILJKW
HIIHUYHVFHQW |efrvesnt|
DGMHFWLYH
y (of a liquid) giving off bubbles; fizzy.
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1.VSLHO |spl; sh pl| informal
noun
a long or fast speech or story, typically one intended as a means of
persuasion or as an excuse but regarded with skepticism or contempt by
those who hear it : he delivers a breathless and effortless spiel in
promotion of his new novel.
GHVSLFDEOH |dispikbl|
adjective
deserving hatred and contempt : a despicable crime.
LQGLJQDWLRQ |indign sh n|
noun
anger or annoyance provoked by what is perceived as unfair treatment :
the letter filled Lucy with indignation.
UHVHQWPHQW |rizentmnt|
noun
bitter indignation at having been treated unfairly : his resentment at
being demoted | some people harbor resentments going back manyyears.
scald 1 |skld|verb [ trans. ]
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injure with very hot liquid or steam : the tea scalded his tongue. See note
at burn .
q heat (milk or other liquid) to near boiling point.
q immerse (something) briefly in boiling water for various purposes, suchas to facilitate the removal of skin from fruit or to preserve meat.
q cause to feel a searing sensation like that of boiling water on skin : hottears scalding her eyes.
REVFXUH |bskyor|adjective ( -scurer , -scurest )not discovered or known about; uncertain : his origins and parentage are
obscure.
q not clearly expressed or easily understood: obscure references toProust.
q not important or well known : an obscure religious sect.
q hard to make out or define; vague : figurative I feel an obscureresentment.
q (of a color) not sharply defined; dim or dingy.verb [ trans. ]
keep from being seen; conceal : gray clouds obscure the sun.
q make unclear anddifficult to understand : the debate has becomeobscured by conflicting ideological perspectives.
q overshadow : none of this should obscure the skill, experience, andperseverance of the workers.
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LPPDFXODWH |imakylit|
adjective
(esp. of a person or their clothes) perfectly clean, neat, or tidy : an
immaculate white suit.
q free from flaws or mistakes; perfect : an immaculate safety record.
q Theology (in the Roman Catholic Church) free from sin.
q Botany &Zoology uniformly colored without spots or other marks.
UHEXNH |ribyok|
verb [ trans. ]
express sharp disapproval or criticism of(someone) because of their
behavior or actions : she hadrebukedhim fordrinking too much | thejudge publicly rebuked the jury.
UHSUHKHQVLEOH |reprihensbl|
adjectivedeserving censure or condemnation : his complacency and reprehensible
laxity.
OD[ |laks|adjective1not sufficiently strict or severe : lax security arrangements at the
airport | he'd been a bit lax about discipline in school lately.See note at
lenient .
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q careless : why do software developers do little more than parrot theirequally lax competitors?
OD[LW\|lakst| |lksdi|QRXQ
JULPDFH |grims; grims|
nounan ugly, twisted expression on a person's face, typically expressing
disgust, pain, or wry amusement : she gave a grimace of pain
wry |r|adjective ( wryer , wryest or wrier, wriest)
1using or expressing dry, esp. mocking, humor : a wry smile | wry
comments.
2(of a person's face or features) twisted into an expression ofdisgust,
disappointment, or annoyance.
q archaic (of the neck or features)distorted or turned to one side : aremedy for wry necks.
VWDUN|strk|
adjective
1severe or bare in appearance or outline : the ridge formed a stark
silhouette against the sky.
q unpleasantly or sharply clear; impossible to avoid : his position on civilrights is in stark contrast to that of his liberal opponent | the stark
reality of life for deprived minorities.
2[ attrib. ] complete; sheer : he came running back in stark terror.
q rare completely naked.
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3archaic or poetic/literary stiff, rigid, or incapable of movement : ahuman body lying stiff and stark by the stream.
q physically strong or powerful : the dragoons were stark fellows.
silhouette |siloet|noun
the dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a
lighter background, esp. in dim light.
silhouette
q a representation of someone or something showing the shape andoutline only, typically colored in solid black.
verb [ trans. ] (usu.be silhouetted)
cast or show (someone or something) as a dark shape and outline against
a lighter background: the castle was silhouetted againstthe sky.
PHRASESin silhouette seen or placed as a silhouette.
ORIGIN late 18th cent.: named(although the reason remains obscure)after tienne de Silhouette (170967), French author and politician.
ODJQLDSSH |lanyap; lanyap|
noun
something given as a bonus or extra gift.
GLJUHVV |dgres|
verb [ intrans. ]
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leave the main subject temporarily in speech or writing : I have
digresseda little from my original plan
SURWDJRQLVW |prtagnist; pr-|
noun
the leading character or one of the major characters in a drama, movie,novel, or other fictional text.
q the main figure or one of the most prominent figures in a real situation: in this colonial struggle, the main protagonists were Great Britain and
France..
LQWHOOHFW |intlekt|
noun
the faculty of reasoning and understanding objectively, esp. with regard
to abstract or academic matters : he was a man of action rather than of
intellect.
q the understanding or mental powers of a particular person : his keenintellect.
q an intelligent or intellectual person : sapping our country of some of itsbrightest intellects.
EHFNRQ |bekn|
verb [ intrans. ]
make a gesture with the hand, arm, or head to encourage someone to
come nearer or follow: Miranda beckoned toAdam.
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WHQDFLRXV |tn sh s|
adjective
not readily letting go of, giving up, or separated from an object that one
holds, a position, or a principle : a tenacious grip | he was the most
tenacious politician in South Korea.
subservient |sbsrvnt|adjective
prepared to obey others unquestioningly : she was subservient to her
parents. See note at obsequious .
q less important; subordinate : Marxism makes freedom subservient tocontrol.
q serving as a means to an end : the whole narration is subservient tothe moral plan of exemplifying twelve virtues in twelve knights.
VXON|s
lk|
verb [ intrans. ]
be silent, morose, and bad-tempered out of annoyance or disappointment
: he was sulking over the breakup of his band.
Brood:
1[ intrans. ] think deeply about something that makes one unhappy : he
brooded overhis need to find a wife.
DUELWUDU\ |rbitrer|
adjective
based on random choice or personal whim, rather than any reason or
system : his mealtimes were entirely arbitrary.
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DUELWHU |rbitr|
noun
a person who settles a dispute or has ultimate authority in a matter : the
military acted as arbiter of conflicts between political groups.
SUDJPDWLF |pragmatik|
adjectivedealing with things sensibly and realistically in a way that is based on
practical rather than theoretical considerations : a pragmatic approach to
politics.
treatise |trtis|noun
a written work dealing formally and systematically with a subject : acomprehensive treatise on electricity and magnetism.
VFUXWLQL]H |skrotnz|
verb [ trans. ]examine or inspect closely and thoroughly : customers were warned to
scrutinize the small print.
PDQLIHVWDWLRQ |manfst sh n; -fest sh n|
noun
an event, action, or object that clearly shows or embodies something,
esp. a theory or an abstract idea : the first obvious manifestations of
global warming. See note at sign .
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q the action or fact of showing something in such a way : themanifestation of anxiety over the upcoming exams.
q a symptom or sign of an ailment : a characteristic manifestation ofLyme disease.
q a version or incarnation of something or someone : Purity andInnocence and Young Love in all their gentle manifestations.
q an appearance of a ghost or spirit.
gaiety |git|(also gayety)noun ( pl.-ties)
the state or quality of being lighthearted or cheerful : the sudden gaiety
of children's laughter.
SUXGHQW |prodnt|
adjective
acting with or showing care and thought for the future : no prudent
money manager would authorize a loan without first knowing its purpose.
See note at economical .
prurient |prornt| adjectivehaving or encouraging an excessive interest in sexual matt ers : she'd
been the subject of much prurient
curiosity.
ILFNOH |fikl|
adjective
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changing frequently, esp. as regards one's loyalties, interests, or affection
: Web patrons are a notoriously fickle lot, bouncing from one site to
another on a whim | the weather is forever fickle.
nitty-gritty |nit grit|noun ( the nitty-gritty) informalthe most important aspects or practical details of a subject or situation :
let'sget down to the nitty-grittyof finding a job | [as adj. ] the nitty-
gritty details.
plausible |plzbl|adjective
(of an argument or statement) seeming reasonable or probable : a
plausible explanation | it seems plausible that one of two things may
happen. See note at believable .
DERPLQDWLRQ |bmn sh n|
noun
a thing that causes disgust or hatred : the Pharisees regarded Gentiles as
an abomination to God | informal concrete abominations masqueradingas hotels.
q a feeling of hatred : their abomination of indulgence.
amorous |amrs|
adjective
showing, feeling, or relating to sexual desire : she rejected his amorous
advances.
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abstinence |abstnns|noun
the fact or practice of restraining oneself from indulging in something,
typically alcohol : I started drinking again after six years of abstinence.
DPEXVK |ambo sh |
nouna surprise attack by people lying in wait in a concealed position : seven
members of a patrol were killed in an ambush | terrorists waiting in
ambush.
UHQXQFLDWLRQ |rinns sh n|
noun
the formal rejection of something, typically a belief, claim, or course of
action : entry into the priesthood requires renunciation of marriage | a
renunciation of violence
DUELWUDWH |rbitrt|
verb [ intrans. ](of an independent person or body) reach an authoritative judgment or
settlement : the board has the power to arbitrate in disputes | [ trans. ] it
set up a commission to arbitrate border tensions.
OLDLVRQ |l
zn; l
-|
noun1communication or cooperation that facilitates a close working
relationship between people or organizations : the head porter works inclose liaison with the reception office.
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q a person who acts as a link to assist communication or cooperationbetween groups of people : he's our liaison with a number of interested
parties.
SHUSHWXDO |prpe ch ol|
adjective
1never ending or changing : deep caves in perpetual darkness.
q [ attrib. ] denoting a position, job, or trophy held for life rather than alimited period, or the person holding it : a perpetual secretary of the
society.
disseminate |disemnt|verb [ trans. ]
spread or disperse (something, esp. information) widely : health
authorities should foster good practice by disseminating information.See
note at scatter
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10/16/2009 2:23:00 PM
abstract
DGMHFWLYH|abstrakt; abstrakt|
existing in thought or as an idea but not having a physical or concrete
existence : abstract concepts such as love or beauty.
q dealing with ideas rather than events : the novel was too abstract andesoteric to sustain much attention.
XQDQLPRXV |yonanms|
adjective
(of two or more people) fully in agreement : the doctors were unanimous
in their diagnoses.
VROLFLW |slisit|
verb ( -ited , -iting ) [ trans. ]
ask for or try to obtain (something) from someone : he called a meeting
to solicit their views. See note at beg .
WRWDOLWDULDQ |ttalite()rn|
adjective
of or relating to a system of government that is centralized anddictatorial
and requires complete subservience to the state : a totalitarian regime.
masquerade |maskrd|
noun
a false show or pretense : his masquerade ended when he was arrested.
q the wearing ofdisguise : dressing up, role-playing, and masquerade.
q a masked ball.
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verb [ intrans. ]
pretend to be someone one is not : a journalist masquerading as a man
in distress.
q be disguised or passed off as something else : the idle gossip thatmasquerades as news in some local papers.
KDJJOH |hagl|
verb [ intrans. ]
dispute or bargain persistently, esp. over the cost of something : the two
sides are haggling overtelevision rights.
noun
a period of such bargaining.
verve |vrv|noun
vigor and spirit or enthusiasm : Kollo sings with supreme verve and
flexibility.
indigenous |indijns|adjective
originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native : the
indigenous peoples ofSiberia | coriander is indigenous to southernEurope.
covert
DGMHFWLYH|kvrt; kvrt; kvrt|
1not openly acknowledged or displayed: covert operations against the
dictatorship. See note at secret .
2Law (of a woman) married and under the authority and protection ofher husband.
QRXQ|kvr(t); kvrt| |kvrt| |kvt| |kv|
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1a shelter or hiding place.
q a thicket in which game can hide.
2Ornithology any of the feathers covering the bases of the main flightor tail feathers of a bird.
FRYHW |kvt|
verb ( coveted , coveting ) [ trans. ]
yearn to possess or have (something) : the president-elect covets time
for exercise and fishing | [as adj. ] ( coveted) he won the coveted
Booker Prize for fiction.
FRQVFLHQWLRXV |kn ch en ch s|
adjective(of a person) wishing to do what is right, esp. to do one's work or duty
well and thoroughly : a conscientious and hardworking clerk.
q (of work or a person's manner) showing such an attitude : aconscientious and purposeful look on her face.
q relating to a person's conscience : the act does not provide exemptionfrom service on the basis of personal conscientious beliefs.
compassionate |kmpa sh nt|adjective
feeling or showing sympathy and concern for others.
SUHPRQLWLRQ |prmni sh n; prem-|
noun
a strong feeling that something is about to happen, esp. something
unpleasant : he hada premonition ofimminent disaster.
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GHI\ |dif|
verb ( -fies, -fied) [ trans. ]
openly resist or refuse to obey : a woman who defies convention.
q (of a thing) make (an action or quality) almost impossible : his actionsdefy belief.
q [ trans. ] appear to be challenging (someone) to do or prove something: he glowered at her, defying her to mock him.
q archaic challenge to combat : go now, defy him to the combat.
OLQJHU |li ng gr|
verb [ intrans. ]
stay in a place longer than necessary, typically because of a reluctance to
leave : she lingered in the yard, enjoying the warm sunshine | she let her
eyes linger on him suggestively.
q ( linger over) spend a long time over (something): she lingered overher meal.
q be slow to disappear or die : the tradition seems to linger on | we arethankful that she didn't linger on and suffer.
WUDQVFHQG |transend|
verb [ trans. ]
be or go beyond the range or limits of(something abstract, typically aconceptual field or division): this was an issue transcending party
politics.
q surpass (a person or an achievement).
LQIULQJH |infrinj|
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verb [ trans. ]
actively break the terms of(a law, agreement, etc.) : making an
unauthorized copy would infringe copyright.
q act so as to limit or undermine (something); encroach on : his legalrights were being infringed | [ intrans. ] I wouldn't infringe on his
privacy.
VXPSWXRXV |sm(p) ch os|
adjective
splendid and expensive-looking : the banquet was a sumptuous, luxurious
meal.
bloke |blk|QRXQBrit., informal
a man; a fellow.
H[WRO |ikstl|
verb ( extolled , extolling ) [ trans. ]
praise enthusiastically : he extolled the virtues ofthe Russian peoples.
See note at praise .
UHYHO |revl|
verb (reveled , reveling ; chiefly Brit. revelled,revelling) [ intrans.]
engage in lively and noisy festivities, esp. those which involve drinking
anddancing : [as n. ] (reveling) a night of drunken reveling.
gloat |glt|verb [ intrans. ]
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contemplate or dwell on one's own success or another's misfortune with
smugness or malignant pleasure : his enemiesgloated overhis death.
noun [in sing. ] informalan act of gloating.
DERIVATIVESgloater|glodr| noun
gloatingly |glodli| adverb
GZHOO |dwel|
verb ( past and past part.dwelled or dwelt |dwelt|) [ intrans. ]
1[with adverbial of place ] formal live in or at a specified place : groupsof gypsies still dwell in these caves.
2( dwell on/upon) think, speak, or write at length about (a particularsubject, esp. one that is a source of unhappiness, anxiety, or
dissatisfaction): I've got better things to do than dwell on the past.
q ( dwell on/upon)(of one's eyes or attention) linger on (a particularobject or place): she let her eyes dwell on them for a moment.
VPXJ |smg|
adjective ( smugger, smuggest)having or showing an excessive pride in oneself or one's achievements :
IDFHWLRXV |fs sh s|
adjective
treating serious issues with deliberately inappropriate humor; flippant.
jocose |jks|
adjective formalplayful or humorous : a jocose allusion.
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LPSORUH |implr|
verb [ reporting verb ]
beg someone earnestly or desperately to do something : [ trans. ] he
implored her to change her mind| [with direct speech ] Please don't talk
that way, Ellen implored. See note at beg .
q [ trans. ] archaic beg earnestly for : I implore mercy.
vigor |vigr|( Brit. vigour)noun1physical strength and good health.
q effort, energy, and enthusiasm : they set about the new task withvigor.
q strong, healthy growth of a plant.
2Law legal or binding force; validity.
FRQMXJDO |knjgl|
adjective
of or relating to marriage or the relationship between husband and wife :
conjugal loyalty.
perilous |perls|adjective
full ofdanger or risk : a perilous journey south.
q exposed to imminent risk ofdisaster or ruin : the economy is in aperilous state.
sabbath |sab|noun
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1(often the Sabbath) a day of religious observance and abstinence from
work, kept by Jews from Friday evening to Saturday evening, and by
most Christians on Sunday.
2(also witches' sabbath) a supposed annual midnight meeting of
witches with the Devil.
SHUSOH[ |prpleks|
verb [ trans. ] (often be perplexed)(of something complicated or unaccountable) cause (someone) to feel
completely baffled: she was perplexed by her husband's moodiness | [as
adj. ] ( perplexing) a perplexing problem.
q dated complicate or confuse (a matter) : they were perplexing asubject plain in itself.
SDUWDNH |prtk|
verb ( past -took|-tok|; past part.-taken |-tkn|) [ intrans. ] (
partake in) formaljoin in (an activity) : visitors can partake in golfing or clay pigeon
shooting.
q ( partake of) be characterized by (a quality) : the birth of twinsbecame an event that partook of the mythic.
q ( partake of) eat or drink (something) : she had partaken of a cheesesandwich and a cup of coffee.
HXSKRULF |yofrik; -fr-|
adjective
characterized by or feeling intense excitement and happiness : a euphoricsense of freedom.
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subjugate |sbjgt|verb [ trans. ]
bring under domination or control, esp. by conquest : the invaders had
soon subjugated most of the native population.
q ( subjugate someone/something to) make someone or somethingsubordinate to : the new ruler firmly subjugated the Church to the state.
GHVSLVH |dispz|
verb [ trans. ]
feel contempt or a deep repugnance for : he despised himselfforbeing
selfish.
repugnance |ripgnns|noun
1intense disgust : our growing repugnance at the bleeding carcasses. 2(also repugnancy) inconsistency or incompatibility of ideas or
statements.
myopia |mp|noun
nearsightedness.
q lack of imagination, foresight, or intellectual insight : historians havebeen censured for their myopia in treating modern science as a western
phenomenon.
UHGUHVV |ridres; rdres|
verb [ trans. ]remedy or set right (an undesirable or unfair situation): the power to
redress the grievances of our citizens.
graffiti |grft|plural noun ( sing.-to |-t|) [treated as sing. or pl. ]
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writing or drawings scribbled, scratched, or sprayed illicitly on a wall or
other surface in a public place : the walls were covered with graffiti| [as
adj. ] a graffiti artist.
verb [ trans. ]
write or draw graffiti on (something) : he and another artist graffitied an
entire train.
q write (words or drawings) as graffiti.
profundity |prfndt|noun ( pl.-ties)
deep insight; great depth of knowledge or thought : the simplicity and
profundity of the message.
q great depth or intensity of a state, quality, or emotion : the profundityof her misery.
q a statement or idea that shows great knowledge or insight.
K\PQ |him|
noun
a religious song or poem, typically of praise to God or a god: a Hellenistic
hymn toApollo.
q a formal song sung during Christian worship, typically by the wholecongregation.
q a song, text, or other composition praising or celebrating someone orsomething : a most unusual passage like a hymn to the great outdoors.
verb
1[ trans. ] praise or celebrate (something): Johnson's reply hymns
education.
2[ intrans. ] rare sing hymns.
WRSV\WXUY\ |tpstrv|
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adjective
upside down : the fairground ride turned riders topsy-turvy.
q in a state of confusion : the topsy-turvy months of the invasion.noun [in sing. ]
a state of utter confusion.
KR\GHQ |hoidn|
noun dateda boisterous girl.
VLVV\ |sis| informalnoun ( pl.-sies)a person regarded as effeminate or cowardly.
q chiefly offensive an effeminate homosexual.adjective ( -sier, -siest)
feeble and cowardly.
KDOF\RQ |hals
n|
adjective
denoting a period of time in the past that was idyllically happy andpeaceful : the halcyon days of the mid-1980s, when profits were soaring.
See note at calm .
VRDU |sr|
verb [ intrans. ]fly or rise high in the air : the bird spread its wings and soared into the air
| figurative when she heard his voice, her spirits soared.
q maintain height in the air without flapping wings or using engine power: the gulls soared on the summery winds.
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q increase rapidly above the usual level : the cost of living continued tosoar | [as adj. ] ( soaring) the soaring crime rate.
ERQKRPLH |bnm; bnm|noun
cheerful friendliness; geniality : he exuded good humor and bonhomie.
enunciate |innst|verb [ trans. ]
say or pronounce clearly : she enunciated each word slowly.
q express (a proposition or theory) in clear or definite terms : a writtendocument enunciating this policy.
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HQQXL |lnw|
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DFRQQRLVVHXURIJRRGIRRGDSHUVRQZLWKDGLVFHUQLQJSDODWH
q >DVDGM@RIDNLQGRUVWDQGDUGVXLWDEOHIRUDJRXUPHWDJRXUPHW
PHDO
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q DSHUVRQVWDVWHRUOLNLQJWKHVXJJHVWLRQVPD\QRWVXLWHYHU\RQHV
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q WDVWHRUIODYRURIZLQHRUEHHUDZLQHZLWKD]LQJ\SHDFK\SDODWH
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VKRZLQJDFULWLFDORUGLVUHVSHFWIXODWWLWXGHVKHWHOOVPH,PIDWDQG
LVDOZD\VPDNLQJGHURJDWRU\UHPDUNV
YRUDFLRXV |vr sh s|
adjective
wanting or devouring great quantities of food: he had a voracious
appetite.
q having a very eager approach to an activity : his voracious reading ofliterature.
HQWLFH |ents|
YHUE>WUDQV@
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EXWZRXOGEHDPLVWDNH6HHQRWHDWWHPSW
H[DOWHG |igz{ltid; eg-|
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OHYHOKHOGLQKLJKUHJDUGLWKDGWDNHQKHU\HDUVRIKDUGLQILJKWLQJ
WRUHDFKKHUSUHVHQWH[DOWHGUDQN
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q RIDQLGHDQREOHORIW\KLVH[DOWHGKRSHVRIKXPDQSURJUHVV
LQDVWDWHRIH[WUHPHKDSSLQHVV,IHOWH[DOWHGDQGQHZO\DOLYH
haughty |ht|adjective ( haughtier, haughtiest )
arrogantly superior anddisdainful : a look of haughty disdain | a haughty
aristocrat.
FRPSOLDQFH |kmplns|DOVRFRPSOLDQF\|-plns|
QRXQ
WKHDFWLRQRUIDFWRIFRPSO\LQJZLWKDZLVKRUFRPPDQGWKH\
PXVWVHFXUHHDFKRWKHUVFRRSHUDWLRQRUFRPSOLDQFH
q FRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKHVWDWHRUIDFWRIDFFRUGLQJZLWKRUPHHWLQJ
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UHJXODWLRQV
q XQZRUWK\RUH[FHVVLYHDFTXLHVFHQFHWKHDSSDOOLQJFRPSOLDQFH
ZLWKJRYHUQPHQWYLHZVVKRZQE\WKHFRPPLVVLRQ
DUGRU |lrdr| Brit. DUGRXU
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DUUHVWRUSHUVHFXWLRQIXJLWLYHVIURPMXVWLFH>DVDGM@IXJLWLYH
FULPLQDOV
q >DVDGM@figurative TXLFNWRGLVDSSHDUIOHHWLQJKHHQWHUWDLQHGD
IXJLWLYHLGHDWKDW%DUEDUDQHHGHGKLP
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RIERVRP
q XVXERVRPVDZRPDQVEUHDVW
q DSDUWRIDZRPDQVGUHVVFRYHULQJWKHFKHVW
q WKHVSDFHEHWZHHQDSHUVRQVFORWKLQJDQGFKHVWXVHGIRUFDUU\LQJ
WKLQJVKHFDUULHGDOHWWHULQKLVERVRP
q WKHERVRPRIpoetic/literary WKHORYLQJFDUHDQGSURWHFWLRQRI
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q XVHGWRUHIHUWRWKHFKHVWDVWKHVHDWRIHPRWLRQVTXLYHULQJGUHDG
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DGMHFWLYH>DWWULE@
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IULHQGV
IHUYRU |frvr| Brit. IHUYRXU
QRXQ
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FRQYHUW
q archaic LQWHQVHKHDW
HQYLVDJH |envizij|
verb [ trans. ]
contemplate or conceive of as a possibility or a desirable future event :
the Rome Treaty envisaged free movement across frontiers.
VXUURJDWH |srgit; -gt|
QRXQDVXEVWLWXWHHVSDSHUVRQGHSXWL]LQJIRUDQRWKHULQDVSHFLILF
UROHRURIILFHVKHZDVUHJDUGHGDVWKHVXUURJDWHIRUWKHJRYHUQRU
GXULQJKLVILQDOLOOQHVV
WDQGHP |tandm|
QRXQDOVRWDQGHPELF\FOH
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q DFDUULDJHGULYHQE\WZRDQLPDOVKDUQHVVHGRQHLQIURQWRIWKH
RWKHU
q DJURXSRIWZRSHRSOHRUPDFKLQHVZRUNLQJWRJHWKHU
q DWUXFNZLWKWZRUHDUGULYHD[OHV
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SHUVHFXWH |prskyot|
verb [ trans. ] (often be persecuted)
subject (someone) to hostility and ill-treatment, esp. because of their
race or political or religious beliefs : Jews who had been persecuted by
the Nazi regime.
q harass or annoy (someone) persistently : Hilda was persecuted bysome of the other girls.
HQWRXUDJH |ntor zh |
noun
a group of people attending or surrounding an important person : an
entourage of bodyguards.
ULIH |rf|
adjective [ predic. ]
(esp. of something undesirable or harmful) of common occurrence;
widespread: male chauvinism was rife in medicine in those days. See
note at prevalent .
q (rife with) full of : the streets were rife with rumor and fear.adverbin an unchecked or widespread manner : speculation ran rife that he was
an arms dealer.
FRPSDVVLRQ |kmpa sh n|
nounsympathetic pity and concern for the sufferings or misfortunes of others :
the victims should be treated with compassion. See note at mercy .
UHQRXQFH |rinouns|
verb [ trans. ]
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formally declare one's abandonment of(a claim, right, or possession) :
Isabella offered to renounce her son's claim to the French crown.
q refuse to recognize or abide by any longer : these agreements wererenounced after the fall of the czarist regime.
q declare that one will no longer engage in or support : they renouncedthe armed struggle.
q reject and stop using or consuming : he renounceddrugs and alcoholcompletely.
LPSHUWLQHQW |imprtn-nt|adjective1not showing proper respect; rude : an impertinent question.
2formal not pertinent to a particular matter; irrelevant : talk ofrhetoric and strategy is impertinent to this process.
ODPHQW |lment|
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q DQH[SUHVVLRQRIUHJUHWRUGLVDSSRLQWPHQWDFRPSODLQWWKHUHZHUH
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LQIDQWGDXJKWHU6HHQRWHDWPRXUQ
GLOLJHQW |diljnt|
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DWEXV\
UDQW |rant|
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FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\SHFXOLDURUXQH[SHFWHGWUDLWVKHUVHQVHRIKXPRU
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VDYRU |svr| Brit. VDYRXU
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>WUDQV@WDVWHJRRGIRRGRUGULQNDQGHQMR\LWFRPSOHWHO\
JRXUPHWVZLOOZDQWWRVDYRURXUJDPHVSHFLDOWLHV
q figurative HQMR\RUDSSUHFLDWHVRPHWKLQJSOHDVDQWFRPSOHWHO\
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RIWZRSHRSOHQRWPDUULHGWRHDFKRWKHUKDYHVH[XDOLQWHUFRXUVH
fornication |frnik sh n| noun
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q DVWDWLRQDU\SHDFHIXOGHPRQVWUDWLRQLQVXSSRUWRIDSDUWLFXODU
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FRLQFLGHQFHLWZDVMXVWKDSSHQVWDQFHWKDW,KDSSHQHGWREHWKHUH_
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IOHHWLQJ |flti ng |
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q GUDVWLFDOO\UHGXFHWKHVWUHQJWKRUHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIVRPHWKLQJ
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SODQWYLUXVHVWKDWFDQGHFLPDWH\LHOGV
historical NLOORQHLQHYHU\WHQRIDJURXSRIVROGLHUVRURWKHUVDV
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archaic FKDQJHDEOHLQFRQVWDQW
FRQQRWDWLRQ |klnt sh n|
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VFRII|skf; skf|
verb [ intrans. ]
speak to someone or about something in a scornfully derisive or mocking
way : department officials scoffed atthe allegations | [with direct speech
] You, a scientist? he scoffed.
nounan expression of scornful derision.
GHULVLYH |dirsiv|
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H[SUHVVLQJFRQWHPSWRUULGLFXOHDKDUVKGHULVLYHODXJK
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adjective
having or showing too great a readiness to believe things.See note at
gullible .
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adjective
1of considerable importance, size, or worth : a substantial amount of
cash.
q strongly built or made : a row of substantial Victorian villas.
q (of a meal) large and filling.
q important in material or social terms; wealthy : a substantial Devonfamily.
2concerning the essentials of something : there was substantial
agreement on changing policies.
3real and tangible rather than imaginary : spirits are shadowy, human
beings substantial.
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brook2
verb [ trans. ] [with negative ] formaltolerate or allow (something, typically dissent or opposition): Jenny
would brook no criticism of Matthew.
VTXDW |skwt|verb ( squatted , squatting )1[ intrans. ] crouch or sit with one's knees bent and one's heels close to
or touching one's buttocks or the back of one's thighs : Isquatted down
in front of him.
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verb [ trans. ]sharpen with a whetstone.
q (usu.be honed) make sharper or more focused or efficient : theirappetites were honed by fresh air and exercise.
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q DSODFHLQZKLFKVRPHWKLQJHVSDQDWXUDOUHVRXUFHKDV
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