meanings 3

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

1/51

1/25/2010 8:26:00 AM

VW\PLH |stm|

YHUEPLHVPLHGP\LQJRUPLHLQJ>WUDQV@informal

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

2/51

SUHYHQWRUKLQGHUWKHSURJUHVVRIWKHFKDQJHVPXVWQRWEHDOORZHG

WRVW\PLHQHZPHGLFDOWUHDWPHQWV

gall1 |gl|

noun

1 bold, impudent behavior : the bank had the gall to demand a fee. See

note at temerity.

q used to refer to something bitter or cruel : accept life's gall without

blaming somebody else.

ORIGIN Old English gealla (denoting bile), of Germanic origin; related to

Dutchgal, German Galle gall,from an Indo-European root shared by

Greek khol and Latin fel bile.

gall2

noun

1 annoyance; irritation : he imagined Lindas gall as she found herself still

married and not rich.

1 make (someone) feel annoyed : he knew he was losing, and it galled

him.

2 make sore by rubbing : the straps galled their shoulders.

ORIGIN Old English gealle [sore on a horse,] perhaps related to gall1 ;

superseded in Middle English by forms from Middle Low German or Middle

Dutch.

gall3

noun

an abnormal growth formed on plants and trees, esp. oaks, in response to

the presence of insect larvae, mites, or fungi.

q [as adj. ] denoting insects or mites that produce such growths : gall

flies.

FRQFLVH |knss|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

3/51

JLYLQJDORWRILQIRUPDWLRQFOHDUO\DQGLQDIHZZRUGVEULHIEXW

FRPSUHKHQVLYHDFRQFLVHDFFRXQWRIWKHFRXQWU\VKLVWRU\6HHQRWH

DWWHUVH

SLWK\ |pi|

DGMHFWLYHSLWKLHUSLWKLHVW

RIODQJXDJHRUVW\OHFRQFLVHDQGIRUFHIXOO\H[SUHVVLYH6HHQRWH

DWWHUVH

WHUVH |trs|

DGMHFWLYHWHUVHUWHUVHVW

VSDULQJLQWKHXVHRIZRUGVDEUXSWDWHUVHVWDWHPHQW

DSKRULVP |afrizm|

QRXQ

DSLWK\REVHUYDWLRQWKDWFRQWDLQVDJHQHUDOWUXWKVXFKDVLILWDLQW

EURNHGRQWIL[LW6HHQRWHDWVD\LQJ

q DFRQFLVHVWDWHPHQWRIDVFLHQWLILFSULQFLSOHW\SLFDOO\E\DQDQFLHQW

FODVVLFDODXWKRU

ORUH|l{r|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

4/51

QRXQ

DERG\RIWUDGLWLRQVDQGNQRZOHGJHRQDVXEMHFWRUKHOGE\D

SDUWLFXODUJURXSW\SLFDOO\SDVVHGIURPSHUVRQWRSHUVRQE\ZRUGRI

PRXWKWKHMLQQVRI$UDELDQORUH_EDVHEDOOORUH

LQVFUXWDEOH |inskrotbl|

DGMHFWLYH

LPSRVVLEOHWRXQGHUVWDQGRULQWHUSUHW*X\ORRNHGEODQNO\

LQVFUXWDEOH

KHJHPRQ\|hjemn; hejmn|

noun

leadership or dominance, esp.by one country or social group over others

: Germany was united under Prussian hegemony after 1871.

LPSHUDWLYH |impertiv|

DGMHFWLYH

RIYLWDOLPSRUWDQFHFUXFLDOLPPHGLDWHDFWLRQZDVLPSHUDWLYH_

>ZLWKFODXVH@LWLVLPSHUDWLYHWKDWVWDQGDUGVEHPDLQWDLQHG

JLYLQJDQDXWKRULWDWLYHFRPPDQGSHUHPSWRU\WKHEHOOSHDOHG

DJDLQDILQDOLPSHUDWLYHFDOO

SHUHPSWRU\ |premptr|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

5/51

DGMHFWLYH

HVSRIDSHUVRQVPDQQHURUDFWLRQVLQVLVWLQJRQLPPHGLDWH

DWWHQWLRQRUREHGLHQFHHVSLQDEUXVTXHO\LPSHULRXVZD\-XVWGR

LWFDPHWKHSHUHPSWRU\UHSO\

LPSHULRXV |impi()rs|

DGMHFWLYH

DVVXPLQJSRZHURUDXWKRULW\ZLWKRXWMXVWLILFDWLRQDUURJDQWDQG

GRPLQHHULQJKLVLPSHULRXVGHPDQGV

IODXQW |fl{nt; fllnt|

YHUE>WUDQV@

GLVSOD\VRPHWKLQJRVWHQWDWLRXVO\HVSLQRUGHUWRSURYRNHHQY\RU

DGPLUDWLRQRUWRVKRZGHILDQFHQHZO\ULFKFRQVXPHUVHDJHUWR

IODXQWWKHLUSURVSHULW\

q IODXQWRQHVHOIGUHVVRUEHKDYHLQDVH[XDOO\SURYRFDWLYHZD\

3+5$6(6

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

6/51

LI\RXYHJRWLWIODXQWLWinformalRQHVKRXOGPDNHDFRQVSLFXRXV

DQGFRQILGHQWVKRZRIRQHVZHDOWKRUDWWULEXWHVUDWKHUWKDQEH

PRGHVWDERXWWKHP

LPSHWXRXV |impe ch os|

DGMHFWLYH

DFWLQJRUGRQHTXLFNO\DQGZLWKRXWWKRXJKWRUFDUHKHUIULHQGZDV

KHDGVWURQJDQGLPSHWXRXV

LPSHWXV |impits|

noun

the force or energy with which a body moves : hit the booster coil before

the flywheel loses all its impetus.

q the force that makes something happen or happen more quickly : the

crisis of the 1860s provided the original impetus forthe settlements.

LPSLRXV |imps; imp-|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

7/51

QRWVKRZLQJUHVSHFWRUUHYHUHQFHHVSIRUDJRGWKHHPSHURUV

LPSLRXVDWWDFNVRQWKH&KXUFK

LQWHUORSHU |intrlpr; intrlpr|

noun

a person who becomes involved in a place or situation where they are not

wanted or are considered not to belong.

YDOLDQW |valynt|

DGMHFWLYH

SRVVHVVLQJRUVKRZLQJFRXUDJHRUGHWHUPLQDWLRQVKHPDGHDYDOLDQW

HIIRUWWRKROGKHUDQJHULQFKHFN_DYDOLDQWZDUULRU

HGLI\ |edf|

YHUEILHVILHG>WUDQV@formal

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

8/51

LQVWUXFWRULPSURYHVRPHRQHPRUDOO\RULQWHOOHFWXDOO\

VXDYH |swv|

adjective ( suaver , suavest )

(esp. of a man) charming, confident, and elegant : all the waiters were

suave and deferential. See note at urbane.

plight 1 |plt|noun

a dangerous, difficult, or otherwise unfortunate situation : we must direct

our efforts toward relieving the plight of children living in poverty.

WRUSRU |trpr|

noun

a state of physical or mental inactivity; lethargy : they veered between

apathetic torpor and hysterical fanaticism.

YLOH |vl|

adjective

extremely unpleasant : he has a vile temper | vile smells.

q morally bad; wicked : as vile a rogue as ever lived.

See note at depraved.

QDU\ |ne()r|

adjective

informal or dialect form ofnot: : nary a murmur or complaint.

TXLUN|kwrk|

noun

1 a peculiar behavioral habit : his distaste for travel is an endearing

quirk.

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

9/51

q a strange chance occurrence : a strange quirk of fate had led her to

working for Nathan.

q a sudden twist, turn, or curve : wry humor put a slight quirk in his

mouth.

XSEUDLG |pbrd|

YHUE>WUDQV@

ILQGIDXOWZLWKVRPHRQHVFROGKHZDVXSEUDLGHGIRUKLVVORYHQO\

DSSHDUDQFH6HHQRWHDWVFROG

HVFKHZ |es ch o|

YHUE>WUDQV@

GHOLEHUDWHO\DYRLGXVLQJDEVWDLQIURPKHDSSHDOHGWRWKHFURZGWR

HVFKHZYLROHQFH

FXUWDLO |krtl|

YHUE>WUDQV@RIWHQEHFXUWDLOHG

UHGXFHLQH[WHQWRUTXDQWLW\LPSRVHDUHVWULFWLRQRQFLYLOOLEHUWLHV

ZHUHIXUWKHUFXUWDLOHG

UHPRQVWUDQFH |rimlnstrns|

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

10/51

DIRUFHIXOO\UHSURDFKIXOSURWHVWDQJU\UHPRQVWUDQFHVLQWKH6HQDWH_

KHVKXWKLVHDUVWRDQ\UHPRQVWUDQFH

SURIHVVHG |prfest; pr-|

DGMHFWLYH

RIDTXDOLW\IHHOLQJRUEHOLHIFODLPHGRUDVVHUWHGRSHQO\EXW

RIWHQIDOVHO\IRUDOOKHUSURIHVVHGSRSXOLVPVKHZDVVHHQDVUHPRWH

IURPRUGLQDU\SHRSOH

RIDSHUVRQVHOIDFNQRZOHGJHGRURSHQO\GHFODUHGWREHD

SURIHVVHGDQGFRQIRUPLQJ$QJOLFDQ

KDUORW |hlrlt|

QRXQarchaic

DSURVWLWXWHRUSURPLVFXRXVZRPDQ

IULJLG |frijid|

DGMHFWLYH

YHU\FROGLQWHPSHUDWXUHIULJLGZDWHU

q HVSRIDZRPDQXQDEOHRUXQZLOOLQJWREHVH[XDOO\DURXVHGDQG

UHVSRQVLYH

q VKRZLQJQRIULHQGOLQHVVRUHQWKXVLDVPVWLIIRUIRUPDOLQEHKDYLRU

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

11/51

RUVW\OH+HQULHWWDORRNHGEDFNZLWKDIULJLGFDOP

'(5,9$7,9(6

IULJLGLW\|frjidt|QRXQ

SURWUDFWHG |prtraktd; pr-|

adjective

lasting for a long time or longer than expected or usual : a protracted and

bitter dispute.

DERIVATIVESprotractedly adverb

protractedness noun

SURWUDFW |prtrakt; pr-|

verb[ trans. ]

1 prolong : he had certainly taken his time, even protracting the process .

2 extend a part of the body.

3 draw (a plan, etc.) to scale.

VXEOLPH |sblm|

DGMHFWLYHOLPHUOLPHVW

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

12/51

RIVXFKH[FHOOHQFHJUDQGHXURUEHDXW\DVWRLQVSLUHJUHDWDGPLUDWLRQ

RUDZH0R]DUWVVXEOLPHSLDQRFRQFHUWRV_>DVQ@WKHVXEOLPH

H[SHULHQFHVWKDWUDQJHGIURPWKHVXEOLPHWRWKHULGLFXORXV

YLQGLFWLYH |vindiktiv|

adjective

having or showing a strong or unreasoning desire for revenge : the

criticism was both vindictive and personalized.

YLQGLFDWH |vin

dkt|

YHUE>WUDQV@

FOHDUVRPHRQHRIEODPHRUVXVSLFLRQKRVSLWDOVWDIIZHUH

YLQGLFDWHGE\WKHLQTXHVWYHUGLFW6HHQRWHDWDEVROYH

q VKRZRUSURYHWREHULJKWUHDVRQDEOHRUMXVWLILHGPRUHVREHU

YLHZVZHUHYLQGLFDWHGE\HYHQWV

SUHFLSLFH |presps|

noun

a very steep rock face or cliff, typically a tall one : we swerved toward the

edge of the precipice | figurativethe country was teetering on theprecipice of political anarchy.

RYHUW |vrt; vrt|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

13/51

GRQHRUVKRZQRSHQO\SODLQO\RUUHDGLO\DSSDUHQWQRWVHFUHWRU

KLGGHQDQRYHUWDFWRIDJJUHVVLRQ_LQXQWUHDWHGFDVHVRYHUW

SV\FKRVLVPD\RFFXU

GLVFUHSDQF\ |diskrepns|

QRXQSOFLHV

DODFNRIFRPSDWLELOLW\RUVLPLODULW\EHWZHHQWZRRUPRUHIDFWV

WKHUHVDGLVFUHSDQF\EHWZHHQ\RXUDFFRXQWDQGKLV

HPEHOOLVKPHQW |embeli sh mnt|

QRXQ

DGHFRUDWLYHGHWDLORUIHDWXUHDGGHGWRVRPHWKLQJWRPDNHLWPRUH

DWWUDFWLYHDUFKLWHFWXUDOHPEHOOLVKPHQWV

q DGHWDLOHVSRQHWKDWLVQRWWUXHDGGHGWRDVWDWHPHQWRUVWRU\WR

PDNHLWPRUHLQWHUHVWLQJRUHQWHUWDLQLQJ

q WKHDFWLRQRIDGGLQJVXFKGHWDLOVRUIHDWXUHV

FRQVLJQPHQW |kn

sn

mn

t|

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

14/51

DEDWFKRIJRRGVGHVWLQHGIRURUGHOLYHUHGWRVRPHRQHD

FRQVLJQPHQWRIEHHI

YLULOH |virl|

DGMHFWLYH

RIDPDQKDYLQJVWUHQJWKHQHUJ\DQGDVWURQJVH[GULYH6HHQRWH

DWPDOH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

15/51

q KDYLQJRUFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\VWUHQJWKDQGHQHUJ\DVWURQJYLULOH

SHUIRUPDQFHRIWKH0DVV

drab 1 |drab|adjective (drabber, drabbest)

1 lacking brightness or interest; drearily dull : the landscape was drab

and gray | her drab suburban existence.

2 of a dull light brown color : drab camouflage uniforms.

noun

fabric of a dull brownish color.

DERIVATIVES

drablyadverb

drabnessnoun

ORIGIN mid 16th cent.(as a noun denoting undyed cloth): probably from

Old French drap cloth(see drape).

drab 2

noun archaic

1 a slovenly woman.

2 a prostitute.

DQWLTXDWHG |antikwtid|adjective

old-fashioned or outdated : this antiquated central heating system. See

note at old.

HQWLFH |ents|

YHUE>WUDQV@

DWWUDFWRUWHPSWE\RIIHULQJSOHDVXUHRUDGYDQWDJHDVKRZWKDW

VKRXOGHQWLFHDQHZDXGLHQFHLQWRWKHWKHDWHU_>WUDQV@WKHZKROH

SXUSRVHRIEULEHVLVWRHQWLFHJRYHUQPHQWVWRDFWDJDLQVWWKHSXEOLF

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

16/51

LQWHUHVW_>DVDGM@HQWLFLQJWKHLGHDRIJLYLQJXSVRXQGVHQWLFLQJ

EXWZRXOGEHDPLVWDNH6HHQRWHDWWHPSW

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

17/51

1/25/2010 8:26:00 AM

UHYHUH |rivi()r|

YHUE>WUDQV@RIWHQEHUHYHUHG

IHHOGHHSUHVSHFWRUDGPLUDWLRQIRUVRPHWKLQJ&p]DQQHVVWLOOOLIHV

ZHUHUHYHUHGE\KLVFRQWHPSRUDULHV

UHYHULH |revr|

QRXQ

DVWDWHRIEHLQJSOHDVDQWO\ORVWLQRQHVWKRXJKWVDGD\GUHDPD

NQRFNRQWKHGRRUEURNHKHUUHYHULH_,VOLSSHGLQWRUHYHULH

FRUULJHQGXP |krijendm; kr-|

noun ( pl.-genda|-jend|)

a thing to be corrected, typically an error in a printed book.

KHUDOG |herld|

noun

1 an official messenger bringing news.

2 a person or thing viewed as a sign that something is about to happen :

they considered the first primroses as the herald of spring.

ODFNDGDLVLFDO |lakdzikl|adjective

lacking enthusiasm and determination; carelessly lazy : a lackadaisical

defense left the Spurs adrift in the second half.

UHWDOLDWH |ritalt|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

18/51

YHUE>LQWUDQV@

PDNHDQDWWDFNRUDVVDXOWLQUHWXUQIRUDVLPLODUDWWDFNWKHEORZ

VWXQJDQGVKHUHWDOLDWHGLPPHGLDWHO\

UHSULVDO |riprzl|

QRXQ

DQDFWRIUHWDOLDWLRQWKUHH\RXWKVGLHGLQWKHUHSULVDOVWKDWIROORZHG

_WKHWKUHDWRIUHSULVDO

GLVSDUDWH |disprit; disparit|

DGMHFWLYH

HVVHQWLDOO\GLIIHUHQWLQNLQGQRWDOORZLQJFRPSDULVRQWKH\LQKDELW

GLVSDUDWHZRUOGVRIWKRXJKW

FRQWHQWLRQ |knten ch n|

noun

1 heated disagreement : the captured territory was one of the main areas

of contention between the two countries.

2 an assertion, esp. one maintained in argument : statistics bear out his

contention that many runners are undertrained for this event.

JDLQVD\ |gns; gns|

YHUESDVWDQGSDVWSDUWVDLG>WUDQV@>ZLWKQHJDWLYH@formal

GHQ\RUFRQWUDGLFWDIDFWRUVWDWHPHQWWKHLPSDFWRIWKHUDLOURDGV

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

19/51

FDQQRWEHJDLQVDLG

q VSHDNDJDLQVWRURSSRVHVRPHRQH

DVVXDJH |swj|

YHUE>WUDQV@

PDNHDQXQSOHDVDQWIHHOLQJOHVVLQWHQVHWKHOHWWHUDVVXDJHGWKH

IHDUVRIPRVWPHPEHUV6HHQRWHDWDOOHYLDWH

q VDWLVI\DQDSSHWLWHRUGHVLUHDQRSSRUWXQLW\RFFXUUHGWRDVVXDJH

KHUGHVLUHIRUNQRZOHGJH

SHFXQLDU\ |pikyoner|

adjective formalof, relating to, or consisting of money : he admitted obtaining a pecuniary

advantage by deception. See note at financial.

H[SDWULDWH

QRXQ|eksptrit|

DSHUVRQZKROLYHVRXWVLGHWKHLUQDWLYHFRXQWU\$PHULFDQ

H[SDWULDWHVLQ/RQGRQ

GHIHUHQFH |defrns|

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

21/51

q GHPRQVWUDWLQJVNLOODQGFOHYHUQHVVWKHVFULSWZDVERWKGHIWDQG

OLWHUDWH

URVWHU |rstr; r-|

noun

a list or plan showing turns of duty or leave for individuals or groups in an

organization : next week's duty roster.

q a list of members of a team or organization, in particular of athletes

available for team selection.

verb[ trans. ] (usu.berostered)chiefly Brit.assign according to a duty roster : the locomotive is rostered for service

on Sunday.

VKXQ | sh n|

verb(shunned, shunning) [ trans. ]

persistently avoid, ignore, or reject (someone or something) through

antipathy or caution : he shunned fashionable society.

GLOLJHQW |diljnt|

adjective

having or showing care and conscientiousness in one's work or duties :

many caves are located only after a diligent search. See note at busy.

H[SURSULDWH |eksprprt|

verb[ trans. ]

(esp. of the state) take away (property) from its owner : government

plans to expropriate farmland.

q dispossess (someone) of property : the land reform expropriated the

Irish landlords.

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

22/51

augment

verb|gment|[ trans. ]

make (something) greater by adding to it; increase : he augmented his

summer income by painting houses.

DSSXUWHQDQFH |prtn-ns|

QRXQXVXDSSXUWHQDQFHV

DQDFFHVVRU\RURWKHULWHPDVVRFLDWHGZLWKDSDUWLFXODUDFWLYLW\RU

VW\OHRIOLYLQJDOOWKHDSSXUWHQDQFHVRIOX[XULRXVWUDYHO

ZDQH|wn|

YHUE>LQWUDQV@

RIWKHPRRQKDYHDSURJUHVVLYHO\VPDOOHUSDUWRILWVYLVLEOHVXUIDFH

LOOXPLQDWHGVRWKDWLWDSSHDUVWRGHFUHDVHLQVL]H

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

23/51

q HVSRIDFRQGLWLRQRUIHHOLQJGHFUHDVHLQYLJRUSRZHURUH[WHQW

EHFRPHZHDNHUFRQILGHQFHLQWKHGROODUZDQHG

TXDQGDU\ |kwnd()r|

noun ( pl.-ries)

a state of perplexity or uncertainty over what to do in a difficult situation

: Kate is in a quandary.

q a difficult situation; a practical dilemma : a legal quandary.

GLFH\ |ds|

adjective (dicier, diciest)informalunpredictable and potentially dangerous : the lot of a wanderer is always

dicey.

GLVDYRZ |disvou|

YHUE>WUDQV@

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

24/51

GHQ\DQ\UHVSRQVLELOLW\RUVXSSRUWIRUGRHVKHUDSRORJ\PHDQVKH

GLVDYRZVKHUFRPPXQLVWV\PSDWKLHV"

rein |rn|

verb[ trans. ]

cause (a horse) to stop or slow down by pulling on its reins : he reined

in his horse and waited for her.

q cause (a horse) to change direction by pulling on its reins : he reined

the mare's head about and rode off.

q keep under control; restrain : with an effort, she reinedbackher

impatience | critics noted the failure of the administration to reinin

public spending.

ZHDWKHU |wer

2 come safely through (a storm).

q withstand (a difficulty or danger) : this year has tested industry's ability

to weather recession

teetotaler |tttl-r|( Brit.teetotaller)noun

a person who never drinks alcohol.

outright

DGYHUE|outrt|

1 altogether; completely : logging has been banned outright.

q without reservation; openly : she couldn't ask him outright.

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

25/51

2 immediately : the impact killed four horses outright.

q not by degrees or installments : they decided to buy the company

outright.

adjective [ attrib. ]

open and direct; not concealed : an outright refusal.

LQDGYHUWHQW |indvrtnt|adjective

not resulting from or achieved through deliberate planning : many French

leaders cannot accept at all that American dominance is inadvertent.

q (of a mistake) made through lack of care.

WDQWDOL]H |tantlz|

verb[ trans. ]

torment or tease (someone) with the sight or promise of something that

is unobtainable : such ambitious questions have long tantalized the

world's best thinkers.

q excite the senses or desires of(someone) : she still tantalized him | [as

adj. ] (tantalizing) the tantalizing fragrance of fried bacon.

DSSRUWLRQ |pr sh n|

verb[ trans. ]

divide and allocate : voting power will be apportioned according to

contribution.

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

26/51

SDXFLW\ |psit|

noun [in sing. ]

the presence of something only in small or insufficient quantities or

amounts; scarcity : apaucityofinformation.

GLVSRVHG |dispzd|

DGMHFWLYH>SUHGLFXVXZLWKLQILQLWLYH@

LQFOLQHGRUZLOOLQJ-DPHVGLGQWVHHPGLVSRVHGWRWDNHWKHKLQW

HQWDLO

YHUE|entl|>WUDQV@

LQYROYHVRPHWKLQJDVDQHFHVVDU\RULQHYLWDEOHSDUWRU

FRQVHTXHQFHDVLWXDWLRQWKDWHQWDLOVFRQVLGHUDEOHULVNV

FDMROH |kjl|

YHUE>WUDQV@RIWHQFDMROHVRPHRQHLQWRGRLQJVRPHWKLQJ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

27/51

SHUVXDGHVRPHRQHWRGRVRPHWKLQJE\VXVWDLQHGFRD[LQJRUIODWWHU\

KHKRSHGWRFDMROHKHULQWRVHOOLQJWKHKRXVH_>LQWUDQV@VKHSOHDGHG

DQGFDMROHGDVVKHWULHGWRZLQKLVVXSSRUW

UHVLOLHQW |rizilynt|

DGMHFWLYH

RIDVXEVWDQFHRUREMHFWDEOHWRUHFRLORUVSULQJEDFNLQWRVKDSH

DIWHUEHQGLQJVWUHWFKLQJRUEHLQJFRPSUHVVHG6HHQRWHDWIOH[LEOH

KRLW\WRLW\ |hoit toit|

DGMHFWLYH

KDXJKW\VQREELVKWKHPRQH\HGKRLW\WRLW\LQKDELWDQWVRIWKH

LVODQG

archaicIUROLFVRPH

EUHYLW\ |brevit

|

QRXQ

FRQFLVHDQGH[DFWXVHRIZRUGVLQZULWLQJRUVSHHFK

q VKRUWQHVVRIWLPHWKHEUHYLW\RIKXPDQOLIH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

28/51

1/25/2010 8:26:00 AM

PRGLFXP |mldikm; md-|

QRXQ>LQVLQJ@

DVPDOOTXDQWLW\RIDSDUWLFXODUWKLQJHVSVRPHWKLQJFRQVLGHUHG

GHVLUDEOHRUYDOXDEOHKLVVWDWHPHQWKDGPRUHWKDQDPRGLFXPRI

WUXWK

PXOO|ml|

YHUE>WUDQV@

WKLQNDERXWDIDFWSURSRVDORUUHTXHVWGHHSO\DQGDWOHQJWKVKH

EHJDQWRPXOORYHUWKHYDULRXVSRVVLELOLWLHV

25,*,1PLGWKFHQWRIXQFHUWDLQRULJLQ

PXOO

YHUE>WUDQV@>XVXDVDGM@PXOOHG

ZDUPDEHYHUDJHHVSZLQHEHHURUFLGHUDQGDGGVSLFHVDQG

VZHHWHQLQJWRLWDWDQNDUGRIPXOOHGDOH

SHULO |perl|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

29/51

QRXQ

VHULRXVDQGLPPHGLDWHGDQJHUKLVIDPLO\ZDVLQSHULO_DVHWEDFNWR

WKHVWDWHFRXOGSUHVHQWDSHULOWRWKHUHJLPH

q SHULOVWKHGDQJHUVRUGLIILFXOWLHVWKDWDULVHIURPDSDUWLFXODU

VLWXDWLRQRUDFWLYLW\VKHILUVWZLWQHVVHGWKHSHULOVRISRSVWDUGRPD

GHFDGHDJR

YHUESHULOHGSHULOLQJ Brit.SHULOOHGSHULOOLQJ>WUDQV@archaic

H[SRVHWRGDQJHUWKUHDWHQ-RQDWKRQSHULOHGKLVOLIHIRUORYHRI

'DYLG

UDELG |rabd; r-|

DGMHFWLYH

KDYLQJRUSURFHHGLQJIURPDQH[WUHPHRUIDQDWLFDOVXSSRUWRIRU

EHOLHILQVRPHWKLQJDUDELGIHPLQLVW

WRXW|tout|

YHUE

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

30/51

>WUDQV@DWWHPSWWRVHOOVRPHWKLQJW\SLFDOO\E\SHVWHULQJSHRSOH

LQDQDJJUHVVLYHRUEROGPDQQHU-LPZDVWRXWLQJKLVZDUHV

q RIWHQEHWRXWHGDWWHPSWWRSHUVXDGHSHRSOHRIWKHPHULWVRI

VRPHRQHRUVRPHWKLQJWKHKHDGTXDUWHUVIDFLOLW\ZDVWRXWHGDVWKH

EHVWLQWKHFRXQWU\

DEUHDVW |brest|

DGYHUE

VLGHE\VLGHDQGIDFLQJWKHVDPHZD\WKHSDWKZDVZLGHHQRXJK

IRUWZRSHRSOHWRZDONDEUHDVW_WKH\ZHUHULGLQJWKUHHDEUHDVW

DORQJVLGHRUHYHQZLWKVRPHWKLQJWKHFDUWFDPHDEUHDVWRIWKH

$PHULFDQVLQWKHLUULFNVKD

KHFNOH |hekl|

YHUE>WUDQV@

RIWHQEHKHFNOHGLQWHUUXSWDSXEOLFVSHDNHUZLWKGHULVLYHRU

DJJUHVVLYHFRPPHQWVRUDEXVHKHZDVERRHGDQGKHFNOHGZKHQKH

WULHGWRDGGUHVVWKHGHPRQVWUDWRUV_>LQWUDQV@KHLVPHUHO\KHFNOLQJ

IURPWKHVLGHOLQHV

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

31/51

HVWUDQJHG |istrnjd|

DGMHFWLYH

RIDSHUVRQQRORQJHUFORVHRUDIIHFWLRQDWHWRVRPHRQHDOLHQDWHG

+DUULHWIHOWPRUHHVWUDQJHGIURPKHUGDXJKWHUWKDQHYHU_KHU

HVWUDQJHGIDWKHU

IHLVW\ |fst|

DGMHFWLYHIHLVWLHUIHLVWLHVWinformal

KDYLQJRUVKRZLQJH[XEHUDQFHDQGVWURQJGHWHUPLQDWLRQDIHLVW\

RXWVSRNHQVWUHHWZLVHWHHQDJHU

q WRXFK\DQGDJJUHVVLYHKHJRWDELWIHLVW\DQGWULHGWRKLWPH

'(5,9$7,9(6

IHLVWLO\|fstl|DGYHUE

IHLVWLQHVV|fstnis|QRXQ

FKLGH | ch d|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

32/51

YHUESDVWFKLGHGRUarchaicFKLG| ch id|SDVWSDUWFKLGHGRU

archaicFKLGGHQ| ch idn|>WUDQV@

VFROGRUUHEXNHVKHFKLGHGKLPIRUQRWUHSO\LQJWRKHUOHWWHUV_

>ZLWKGLUHFWVSHHFK@

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

33/51

1. (adj)gawky, clumsy, clunky, ungainly, unwieldy

lacking grace in movement or posture

Synonyms: incompetent, fumbling, inept, unmanageable,

gawky, ill-chosen,bungling, inapt, ungainly, cumbersome,

awkward, clunky, unwieldy, clumsy,bunglesome

Antonyms: graceful, unhearable, inaudible

DJLOH |ajl|

DGMHFWLYH

DEOHWRPRYHTXLFNO\DQGHDVLO\5XWKZDVDVDJLOHDVDPRQNH\_

figurativeKLVYDJXHPDQQHUFRQFHDOHGDQDJLOHPLQG

IRUWH|f{rt; f{rt|

QRXQ

>LQVLQJ@DWKLQJDWZKLFKVRPHRQHH[FHOVVPDOOWDONZDVQRWKLV

IRUWH

LQGXOJHQW |indljnt|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

34/51

KDYLQJRULQGLFDWLQJDUHDGLQHVVRURYHUUHDGLQHVVWREHJHQHURXVWR

RUOHQLHQWZLWKVRPHRQHLQGXOJHQWSDUHQWV6HHQRWHDWOHQLHQW

q VHOILQGXOJHQWDVOLJKWO\DGROHVFHQWLQGXOJHQWDFFRXQWRIDORYH

DIIDLU

VHOILQGXOJHQW

DGMHFWLYH

FKDUDFWHUL]HGE\GRLQJRUWHQGLQJWRGRH[DFWO\ZKDWRQHZDQWVHVS

ZKHQWKLVLQYROYHVSOHDVXUHRULGOHQHVVDVHOILQGXOJHQWH[WUDKRXU

RIVOHHS

SHUVRQLILFDWLRQ |prslnfik sh n|

QRXQ

WKHDWWULEXWLRQRIDSHUVRQDOQDWXUHRUKXPDQFKDUDFWHULVWLFVWR

VRPHWKLQJQRQKXPDQRUWKHUHSUHVHQWDWLRQRIDQDEVWUDFWTXDOLW\LQ

KXPDQIRUP

WLPRURXV |timrs|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

35/51

VKRZLQJRUVXIIHULQJIURPQHUYRXVQHVVIHDURUDODFNRIFRQILGHQFH

DWLPRURXVYRLFH

FDUS

YHUE>LQWUDQV@

FRPSODLQRUILQGIDXOWFRQWLQXDOO\W\SLFDOO\DERXWWULYLDOPDWWHUV,

GRQWZDQWWRFDUSDERXWWKHZD\\RXGLGLW_KHZDVFRQVWDQWO\

FDUSLQJDWPH

UHJHQW |rjnt|

QRXQ

DSHUVRQDSSRLQWHGWRDGPLQLVWHUDFRXQWU\EHFDXVHWKHPRQDUFKLV

DPLQRURULVDEVHQWRULQFDSDFLWDWHG

DPHPEHURIWKHJRYHUQLQJERG\RIDXQLYHUVLW\RURWKHUDFDGHPLF

LQVWLWXWLRQ

DVVDLO |

s

l|

YHUE>WUDQV@

PDNHDFRQFHUWHGRUYLROHQWDWWDFNRQWKH6FRWVDUP\DVVDLOHG

(GZDUGVDUP\IURPWKHUHDU6HHQRWHDWDWWDFN

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

36/51

q XVXEHDVVDLOHGRIDQXQSOHDVDQWIHHOLQJRUSK\VLFDOVHQVDWLRQ

FRPHXSRQVRPHRQHVXGGHQO\DQGVWURQJO\VKHZDVDVVDLOHGE\

GRXEWVDQGUHJUHWV

q FULWLFL]HVRPHRQHVWURQJO\

FRQIRXQG |knfound|

YHUE>WUDQV@

FDXVHVXUSULVHRUFRQIXVLRQLQVRPHRQHHVSE\DFWLQJDJDLQVW

WKHLUH[SHFWDWLRQVWKHLQIODWLRQILJXUHFRQIRXQGHGHFRQRPLF

DQDO\VWV

q SURYHDWKHRU\H[SHFWDWLRQRUSUHGLFWLRQZURQJWKHULVHLQ

SULFHVFRQIRXQGHGH[SHFWDWLRQV

DOOXGH |lod|

YHUE>LQWUDQV@DOOXGHWR

VXJJHVWRUFDOODWWHQWLRQWRLQGLUHFWO\KLQWDWVKHKDGDZD\RI

DOOXGLQJWR-HDQEXWQHYHUVD\LQJKHUQDPH

YHQHUDWH |venrt|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

37/51

YHUE>WUDQV@RIWHQEHYHQHUDWHG

UHJDUGZLWKJUHDWUHVSHFWUHYHUH0RWKHU7HUHVDLVYHQHUDWHGDVD

VDLQW6HHQRWHDWUHYHUH

LJQRPLQLRXV |ignmins|

DGMHFWLYH

GHVHUYLQJRUFDXVLQJSXEOLFGLVJUDFHRUVKDPHQRRWKHUSDUW\ULVNHG

LJQRPLQLRXVGHIHDW

VODWWHUQ |slatrn|

QRXQdated

DGLUW\XQWLG\ZRPDQ

'(5,9$7,9(6

VODWWHUQOLQHVVQRXQ

VODWWHUQO\DGMHFWLYH

PHHG |md|

QRXQarchaic

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

38/51

DGHVHUYHGVKDUHRUUHZDUGKHPXVWH[WUDFWIURPKHUVRPHPHHGRI

DSSUREDWLRQ

H[SRVWXODWH |ikspls ch lt|

YHUE>LQWUDQV@

H[SUHVVVWURQJGLVDSSURYDORUGLVDJUHHPHQW,H[SRVWXODWHGZLWKKLP

LQYDLQ

QDVFHQW |nsnt; nasnt|

DGMHFWLYH

HVSRIDSURFHVVRURUJDQL]DWLRQMXVWFRPLQJLQWRH[LVWHQFHDQG

EHJLQQLQJWRGLVSOD\VLJQVRIIXWXUHSRWHQWLDOWKHQDVFHQWVSDFH

LQGXVWU\

YHW|vet|

YHUEYHWWHGYHWWLQJ>WUDQV@

PDNHDFDUHIXODQGFULWLFDOH[DPLQDWLRQRIVRPHWKLQJSURSRVDOV

IRUYHWWLQJODUJHWDNHRYHUELGV

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

39/51

WUXLVP |troizm|

QRXQ

DVWDWHPHQWWKDWLVREYLRXVO\WUXHDQGVD\VQRWKLQJQHZRULQWHUHVWLQJ

WKHWUXLVPWKDW\RXJHWZKDW\RXSD\IRU

q LogicDSURSRVLWLRQWKDWVWDWHVQRWKLQJEH\RQGZKDWLVLPSOLHGE\

DQ\RILWVWHUPV

LQFXPEHQW |inkmbnt|

DGMHFWLYH

>SUHGLF@LQFXPEHQWRQXSRQQHFHVVDU\IRUVRPHRQHDVDGXW\

RUUHVSRQVLELOLW\LWLVLQFXPEHQWRQDOOGHFHQWSHRSOHWRFRQFHQWUDWH

RQGHVWUR\LQJWKLVHYLO

>DWWULE@RIDQRIILFLDORUUHJLPHFXUUHQWO\KROGLQJRIILFHWKH

LQFXPEHQWSUHVLGHQWKDGEHHQGHIHDWHG

GRFLOH |dls

l|

DGMHFWLYH

UHDG\WRDFFHSWFRQWURORULQVWUXFWLRQVXEPLVVLYHDFKHDSDQG

GRFLOHZRUNIRUFH6HHQRWHDWREHGLHQW

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

40/51

JDOODQWU\ |galntr|

QRXQSOULHV

FRXUDJHRXVEHKDYLRUHVSLQEDWWOHDPHGDODZDUGHGIRU

RXWVWDQGLQJJDOODQWU\GXULQJWKHUDLG

SROLWHDWWHQWLRQRUUHVSHFWJLYHQE\PHQWRZRPHQ

q JDOODQWULHVDFWLRQVRUZRUGVXVHGZKHQSD\LQJVXFKDWWHQWLRQ

SRLJQDQW |poinynt|

DGMHFWLYH

HYRNLQJDNHHQVHQVHRIVDGQHVVRUUHJUHWDSRLJQDQWUHPLQGHURI

WKHSDVVLQJRIWLPH6HHQRWHDWPRYLQJ

EUXVTXH |brsk|

DGMHFWLYH

DEUXSWRURIIKDQGLQVSHHFKRUPDQQHUVKHFRXOGEHEUXVTXHDQG

LPSDWLHQW

DEUXSW |brpt|

DGMHFWLYH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

41/51

VXGGHQDQGXQH[SHFWHG,ZDVVXUSULVHGE\WKHDEUXSWFKDQJHRI

VXEMHFW_RXUURXQGRIJROIFDPHWRDQDEUXSWHQGRQWKHWKKROH

EULHIWRWKHSRLQWRIUXGHQHVVFXUW\RXZHUHUDWKHUDEUXSWZLWK

WKDW\RXQJPDQ

q RIDVW\OHRIVSHHFKRUZULWLQJQRWIORZLQJVPRRWKO\GLVMRLQWHG

TXDLQW |kwnt|

DGMHFWLYH

DWWUDFWLYHO\XQXVXDORUROGIDVKLRQHGTXDLQWFRXQWU\FRWWDJHV_D

TXDLQWROGFXVWRP

UHSDUWHH |reprt; replrt; -t|

QRXQ

FRQYHUVDWLRQRUVSHHFKFKDUDFWHUL]HGE\TXLFNZLWW\FRPPHQWVRU

UHSOLHV6HHQRWHDWZLW

SLTXH |pk|

QRXQ

DIHHOLQJRILUULWDWLRQRUUHVHQWPHQWUHVXOWLQJIURPDVOLJKWHVSWR

RQHVSULGHKHOHIWLQDILWRISLTXH

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

42/51

VSRRQ\ |spon|informal

DGMHFWLYHVSRRQLHUVSRRQLHVWdated

VHQWLPHQWDOO\RUIRROLVKO\DPRURXV,ZDVVSRRQ\RYHU0LVV

7DOPDGJHWRWKHSRLQWRILGRODWU\

q archaicIRROLVKVLOO\

FRQVHFUDWH |klnsikrt|

YHUE>WUDQV@XVXEHFRQVHFUDWHG

PDNHRUGHFODUHVRPHWKLQJW\SLFDOO\DFKXUFKVDFUHGGHGLFDWH

IRUPDOO\WRDUHOLJLRXVRUGLYLQHSXUSRVHWKHSUHVHQW+RO\7ULQLW\

FKXUFKZDVFRQVHFUDWHGLQ_>DVDGM@FRQVHFUDWHG

FRQVHFUDWHGJURXQG

H[WLUSDWH |ekstrpt|

YHUE>WUDQV@

URRWRXWDQGGHVWUR\FRPSOHWHO\WKRVHZKRWULHGWRH[WLUSDWH

&KULVWLDQLW\6HHQRWHDWGHVWUR\

LQVLSLG |insipid|

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

43/51

DGMHFWLYH

ODFNLQJIODYRUPXJVRILQVLSLGFRIIHH

q ODFNLQJYLJRURULQWHUHVWPDQ\DUWLVWVFRQWLQXHGWRFKXUQRXW

LQVLSLGVKDOORZZRUNV

LQVLQXDWH |insinywt|

YHUE>WUDQV@

VXJJHVWRUKLQWVRPHWKLQJEDGRUUHSUHKHQVLEOHLQDQLQGLUHFWDQG

XQSOHDVDQWZD\>ZLWKFODXVH@KHZDVLQVLQXDWLQJWKDWVKHKDGVOHSW

KHUZD\WRWKHWRS

LQVLQXDWHRQHVHOILQWRPDQHXYHURQHVHOILQWRDSRVLWLRQRIIDYRU

RURIILFHE\VXEWOHPDQLSXODWLRQVKHVHHPHGWREHWDNLQJRYHU

LQVLQXDWLQJKHUVHOILQWRWKHIDPLO\

q >WUDQV@VOLGHRQHVHOIRUDWKLQJVORZO\DQGVPRRWKO\LQWRD

SRVLWLRQWKHEXJVLQVLQXDWHWKHPVHOYHVEHWZHHQRQHVVNLQDQG

FORWKHV

FKLPHUD |kmi()r; k-|DOVRFKLPDHUD

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

44/51

&KLPHUDLQ*UHHNP\WKRORJ\DILUHEUHDWKLQJIHPDOHPRQVWHU

ZLWKDOLRQVKHDGDJRDWVERG\DQGDVHUSHQWVWDLO

q DQ\P\WKLFDODQLPDOZLWKSDUWVWDNHQIURPYDULRXVDQLPDOV

DWKLQJWKDWLVKRSHGRUZLVKHGIRUEXWLQIDFWLVLOOXVRU\RU

LPSRVVLEOHWRDFKLHYHWKHHFRQRPLFVRYHUHLJQW\\RXFODLPWR

GHIHQGLVDFKLPHUD

SHUWLQDFLRXV |prtn

sh s|

DGMHFWLYHformal

KROGLQJILUPO\WRDQRSLQLRQRUDFRXUVHRIDFWLRQKHZRUNHGZLWKD

SHUWLQDFLRXVUHVLVWDQFHWRLQWHUUXSWLRQV6HHQRWHDWVWXEERUQ

OXULG |lo

rid|

DGMHFWLYH

YHU\YLYLGLQFRORUHVSVRDVWRFUHDWHDQXQSOHDVDQWO\KDUVKRU

XQQDWXUDOHIIHFWOXULGIRRGFRORULQJV_DSDLURIOXULGVKRUWV

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

45/51

q RIDGHVFULSWLRQSUHVHQWHGLQYLYLGO\VKRFNLQJRUVHQVDWLRQDO

WHUPVHVSJLYLQJH[SOLFLWGHWDLOVRIFULPHVRUVH[XDOPDWWHUVWKH

PRUHOXULGGHWDLOVRIWKHPDVVDFUHZHUHWRRIULJKWHQLQJIRUWKH

FKLOGUHQ

ZDU\ |we()r|

DGMHFWLYHZDULHUZDULHVW

IHHOLQJRUVKRZLQJFDXWLRQDERXWSRVVLEOHGDQJHUVRUSUREOHPV

GRJVWKDWKDYHEHHQPLVWUHDWHGRIWHQUHPDLQYHU\ZDU\RIVWUDQJHUV_

DZDU\ORRN6HHQRWHDWYLJLODQW

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

46/51

1/25/2010 8:26:00 AM

YDOLDQW |valynt|

DGMHFWLYH

SRVVHVVLQJRUVKRZLQJFRXUDJHRUGHWHUPLQDWLRQVKHPDGHDYDOLDQW

HIIRUWWRKROGKHUDQJHULQFKHFN_DYDOLDQWZDUULRU

VFKLVP |s(k)izm|

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

47/51

DVSOLWRUGLYLVLRQEHWZHHQVWURQJO\RSSRVHGVHFWLRQVRUSDUWLHV

FDXVHGE\GLIIHUHQFHVLQRSLQLRQRUEHOLHI

EXWWUHVV |btris|

noun

a projecting support of stone or brick built against a wall.

q a projecting portion of a hill or mountain.

q figurativea source of defense or support : there was a demand for anew stable order as a buttress against social collapse .

FLUFXPVSHFW |srkmspekt|

adjective

wary and unwilling to take risks : the officials were very circumspect in

their statements.See note at vigilant.

IH\ |f|

adjective

giving an impression of vague unworldliness : his mother was a strange,

fey woman.

q having supernatural powers of clairvoyance.

FODLUYR\DQFH |kle()rvoins|

QRXQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

48/51

WKHVXSSRVHGIDFXOW\RISHUFHLYLQJWKLQJVRUHYHQWVLQWKHIXWXUHRU

EH\RQGQRUPDOVHQVRU\FRQWDFWVKHVWDUHGDWWKHFDUGDVLIVKH

FRXOGFRQWDFWLWVZULWHUE\FODLUYR\DQFH

VWLJPDWL]H |stigmtz|

verb[ trans. ]

1 (usu.bestigmatized) describe or regard as worthy of disgrace or

great disapproval : the institution was stigmatizedas a last resort for

the destitute.

VZHUYH |swrv|

verb

change or cause to change direction abruptly : [ intrans. ] a car swerved

around a corner | [ trans. ] he swerved the truck, narrowly missing a

teenager on a skateboard.

VKHHSLVK | sh pi sh |

adjective

(of a person or expression) showing embarrassment from shame or a lack

of self-confidence : a sheepish grin.

'UXLG |droid|

QRXQ

DSULHVWPDJLFLDQRUVRRWKVD\HULQWKHDQFLHQW&HOWLFUHOLJLRQ

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

49/51

q DPHPEHURIDSUHVHQWGD\JURXSFODLPLQJWRUHSUHVHQWRUEH

GHULYHGIURPWKLVUHOLJLRQ

LQGHPQLW\ |indemnit|

noun ( pl.-ties)

security or protection against a loss or other financial burden : no

indemnity will be given for loss of cash.

DUPLVWLFH |rmstis|

noun

an agreement made by opposing sides in a war to stop fighting for a

certain time; a truce.

SLOODJH |pilij|

verb[ trans. ]

rob(a place) using violence, esp. in wartime.See note at ravage.

q steal (something) using violence, esp. in wartime : artworks pillaged

from churches and museums.

KDJJDUG |hagrd|

adjective

1 looking exhausted and unwell, esp. from fatigue, worry, or suffering : I

trailed on behind, haggard and disheveled.

FULQJH |krin

j|

YHUEFULQJLQJ>LQWUDQV@

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

50/51

EHQGRQHVKHDGDQGERG\LQIHDURULQDVHUYLOHPDQQHU

go-getter

QRXQinformalan aggressively enterprising person.

HQWHUSULVLQJ |entrprzi ng |

adjective

having or showing initiative and resourcefulness : some enterprising

teachers have started their own recycling programs.

SHMRUDWLYH |pjrtiv; pejrtiv|

adjective

expressing contempt or disapproval : permissiveness is used almost

universally as a pejorative term.

SUHURJDWLYH |prirgtiv; prg-|

noun

a right or privilege exclusive to a particular individual or class : owning an

automobile was still the prerogative of the rich.

VXEOLPH |sblm|

DGMHFWLYHOLPHUOLPHVW

RIVXFKH[FHOOHQFHJUDQGHXURUEHDXW\DVWRLQVSLUHJUHDWDGPLUDWLRQ

RUDZH0R]DUWVVXEOLPHSLDQRFRQFHUWRV_>DVQ@WKHVXEOLPH

H[SHULHQFHVWKDWUDQJHGIURPWKHVXEOLPHWRWKHULGLFXORXV

8/9/2019 Meanings 3

51/51

DOOHJRU\ |alg{r|QRXQSOULHV

DVWRU\SRHPRUSLFWXUHWKDWFDQEHLQWHUSUHWHGWRUHYHDODKLGGHQ

PHDQLQJW\SLFDOO\DPRUDORUSROLWLFDORQH3LOJULPV3URJUHVVLVDQ

DOOHJRU\RIWKHVSLULWXDOMRXUQH\

FOHPHQF\ |klemns|

noun

mercy; lenience : an appeal for clemency. See note at mercy.

KHGRQLVP |hdnizm|

noun

the pursuit of pleasure; sensual self-indulgence.

q the ethical theory that pleasure (in the sense of the satisfaction of

desires) is the highest good and proper aim of human life.

meanings 3

Documents