PIRACY AND ARMED ROBBERY AGAINST SHIPS

IN MALAYSIAN WATERS

BYFIRST ADMIRAL (M) DATO’ ZULKIFILI BIN ABU BAKARDIRECTOR OF MARITIME CRIMINAL INVESTIGATIONS

MMEA

SCOPE• Introduction• Definitions.• Hot Spots.• Incidents Reported.• Modus Operandi• Protective Measures.• Hotline/MMEA Contact Points.• Maritime Strategies. • MMEA Roles Focusing on Piracy.• Challenges.• MMEA’S Success Stories.

33

PRE-MMEA - MULTIPLE AGENCIESMULTIPLE AGENCIES

ROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVYROYAL MALAYSIAN NAVY ROYAL MALAYSIAN AIR FORCEROYAL MALAYSIAN AIR FORCE MARINE POLICE MARINE POLICE ROYAL M’SIAN CUSTOMSROYAL M’SIAN CUSTOMS MARINE DEPTMARINE DEPT FISHERIES DEPTFISHERIES DEPT DEPT OF ENVIRONMENTDEPT OF ENVIRONMENT IMMIGRATION DEPTIMMIGRATION DEPT

INTRODUCTION

4

FINDINGS OF THE NATIONAL STUDY TEAM 1999

Disadvantages of Multiple AgenciesOverlapping functions/jurisdictionsPoor coordinationMost agencies operate in TW Uneconomical use of resources

21 Aug 2002 Cabinet approved the formation of MMEA

Disadvantages of Multiple AgenciesOverlapping functions/jurisdictionsPoor coordinationMost agencies operate in TW Uneconomical use of resources

21 Aug 2002 Cabinet approved the formation of MMEA

MMEA: FUNCTIONS IN MMZ

PREVENT AND SUPPRESS THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENCEPREVENT AND SUPPRESS THE COMMISSION OF AN OFFENCE

ENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAWENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAW IN THE MMZIN THE MMZ

LEND ASSISTANCE IN ANY CRIMINAL MATTERS ON REQUEST BY A LEND ASSISTANCE IN ANY CRIMINAL MATTERS ON REQUEST BY A FOREIGN STATE (MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ACT 2002)FOREIGN STATE (MUTUAL ASSISTANCE ACT 2002)

CARRY OUT AIR AND COASTAL SURVEILLANCECARRY OUT AIR AND COASTAL SURVEILLANCE

PROVIDE PLATFORM SERVICES TO ANY RELEVANT AGENCYPROVIDE PLATFORM SERVICES TO ANY RELEVANT AGENCY

ENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAWENFORCE LAW AND ORDER UNDER ANY FEDERAL LAW IN THE MMZIN THE MMZ

CONDUCT AND COORDINATE MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUECONDUCT AND COORDINATE MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE

ESTABLISH AND MANAGE MARITIME INSTITUTION FOR TRAININGESTABLISH AND MANAGE MARITIME INSTITUTION FOR TRAINING

TO ENSURE MARITIME SECURITY AND SAFETYTO ENSURE MARITIME SECURITY AND SAFETY

5

6

MALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONEMALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONE(Section 2 of the MMEA Act 2004)(Section 2 of the MMEA Act 2004)

Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal

waters, territorial sea, continental shelf, waters, territorial sea, continental shelf,

exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian

fisheries waters and includes the air space fisheries waters and includes the air space

over the zoneover the zone

Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal Malaysian Maritime Zone means the internal

waters, territorial sea, continental shelf, waters, territorial sea, continental shelf,

exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian exclusive economic zone and the Malaysian

fisheries waters and includes the air space fisheries waters and includes the air space

over the zoneover the zone

MMEA: FUNCTIONS ON THE HIGH SEAS

CONDUCT MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUECONDUCT MARITIME SEARCH AND RESCUE

CONTROL AND PREVENT MARITIME POLLUTIONCONTROL AND PREVENT MARITIME POLLUTION

PREVENT AND SUPPRESS PIRACYPREVENT AND SUPPRESS PIRACY

PREVENT AND SUPPRESS ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN PREVENT AND SUPPRESS ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN NARCOTIC DRUGSNARCOTIC DRUGS

7

WAR , SPECIAL CRISIS OR EMERGENCY

MMEA MAY BE PLACED UNDER THE COMMAND ANDMMEA MAY BE PLACED UNDER THE COMMAND AND CONTROL OF THE MALAYSIAN ARMED FORCESCONTROL OF THE MALAYSIAN ARMED FORCES

8

99

v

HEADQUARTERSHEADQUARTERS

5 MARITIME5 MARITIME

REGIONSREGIONS

18 MARITIME18 MARITIME

DISTRICTSDISTRICTS

18 MARITIME 18 MARITIME

BASESBASES

NORTHERN NORTHERN

REGIONREGION

v

7 MARITIME POSTS7 MARITIME POSTS

DIVISION OF MALAYSIAN DIVISION OF MALAYSIAN MARITIME ZONEMARITIME ZONE

SOUTHERNSOUTHERN

REGIONREGION

EASTERN EASTERN

REGIONREGION

SABAHSABAH

REGIONREGION

SARAWAK SARAWAK

REGIONREGION

10

MD 1

MD 2

MD 3

MD 9

MD 10

MD 4

MD 5

MD 8

MD 7

MD 6

KUALA PERLIS

KUALA KEDAH

KUALA KURAU

LUMUT

KUALA SELANGOR

BATU PAHATTG. SEDILI

MERSING

ROMPIN

KEMAMAN

KUALA TERENGGAN

U

TOK BALI

PULAU TIOMAN

PULAU PANGKOR

NORTHERN

SOUTHERN

EASTERN

11 1111

DM 1

DM 2

DM 3

DM 9

DM 10

DM 4

DM 5

DM 8

DM 7

DM 6

TAWANG

TOK BALI

KUALA TERENGGAN

U

ROMPIN

PULAU TIOMAN

MERSING

TG. SEDILI

KUALA PERLIS

KUALA KEDAH

KUALA KURAU

LUMUTPU PANGKOR

KUALA SELANGOR

PORT DICKSON

BATU PAHAT

WILAYAH UTARA

WILAYAH SELATANWILAYAH TIMUR

MD 11

MD 15

MD 14

MD 13

MD 12

MD 16

MD 17

MD 18

BINTULU

REJANG

MUKAH

MIRI

BETING PERTINGGI

ALI

LABUAN

KOTA KINABALU

PU. MENGALUM

KUDAT

SANDAKAN

LAHAT DATU

TAWAU

SARAWAK

SABAHBRU

NEI

PeninsularMalaysia

Sarawak

Sabah

Kalimatan

South China Sea

MALAYSI AN MARI TI ME SAR AREA OF RESPONSI BI LI TY

12

13 1313

MMEA ASSETSMMEA ASSETS MMEA ASSETSMMEA ASSETS

TYPESTYPES NUMBERNUMBERSS

SHIPS (> 20 m in SHIPS (> 20 m in length)length)

8787

BOATS (< 20 m in BOATS (< 20 m in length) length)

107107

RHIBsRHIBs 5353

HELICOPTERHELICOPTER 3 (Dauphin)3 (Dauphin)

3 (Agusta)3 (Agusta)

FIXED-WING A/CFIXED-WING A/C 2 (CL 415)2 (CL 415)

TOTALTOTAL 255255

MALAYSIAN SEA MALAYSIAN SEA SURVEILLANCE SURVEILLANCE

SYSTEMSSYSTEMS

JUGRA

TG PIAI

MCC LUMUT

ACC LANGKAWI

TG. KEMARONG

PU ANGSA

OFB

CAPE RACHARDO

PU UNDAN

SEGENTING

ACC JOHOR

ACC KLANG

BKT PENGERANG

MSSS HAS BEEN EXTENDED TO SABAH

GAYA IS, MANTANANI & BALAMBANGAN

17

Maritime Security Threats

• Transnational criminals– Piracy/Sea Robberry– Smugglers (drugs/ weapons/ people)– Human Trafficking– Illegal Logging– Terrorism

• Illegal seaborne migration– Illegal migration– Criminal movement across borders

• Environmental &/ or economic issues– Accidental Spills– Illegal Dumping– Over-fishing/ illegal fishing

18

PIRACY/SEA ROBBERY CASE

STUDY

DEFINITIONSPIRACY(a) any illegal act of violence or detention, or any act of depredation, committed for private ends

by the crew or the passengers of a private ship or a private aircraft, and directed:

• (i) on the high seas, against another ship, or against persons or property on board such ship;

• (ii) against a ship, persons or property in a place outside the jurisdiction of any State;

(b) any act of voluntary participation in the operation of a ship or of an aircraft with knowledge of facts making it a pirate ship or aircraft;

(c) any act of inciting or of intentionally facilitating an act described in subparagraph (a) or (b).

Source : UNCLOS

Cont’dRobbery (S.390)• (1) In all robbery there is either theft or extortion.

• (2) Theft is “robbery”, if, in order to commit theft, or in committing the theft, or in carrying away or attempting to carry away property obtained by the theft, the offender, for that end, voluntarily causes or attempts to cause to any person death, or hurt, or wrongful restraint, or fear of instant death, or of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint.

• (3) Extortion is “robbery”, if the offender, at the time of committing the extortion, is in the presence of the person put in fear and commits the extortion by putting that person in fear of instant death, of instant hurt, or of instant wrongful restraint to that person or to some other person, and, by so putting in fear, induces the person so put in fear then and there to deliver up the thing extorted.

Source : Penal Code (ACT 574)

Cont’dGang-robbery (S.391)• When five or more persons conjointly commit or attempt to commit a robbery, or

where the whole number of persons conjointly committing or attempting to commit a robbery, and of persons present and aiding such commission or attempt, amount to five or more, every person so committing, attempting, or aiding, is said to commit “gang-robbery”.

Robbery when armed or with attempt to cause death or grievous hurt (S.397)• If at the time of committing or attempting to commit robbery, the offender is

armed with or uses any deadly weapon, or causes grievous hurt to any person, or attempts to cause death or grievous hurt to any person, such offender shall be liable to be whipped, in addition to any other punishment to which he may be liable under any other section of this Code.

Source : Penal Code (ACT 574)

HOT SPOTSFishing vessels

Motor TankerMotor Vessel

Tug Boats

Tug BoatsMotor Tanker

MT GREAT FISH:160040H APR 12

FV PKFB (U) 1336 131150H MEI 12

FV PKFB (U2) 1318 230600H APR 12

TB PIONER 88 220105H MEI 12

MT BINTANG222230H SEP 12

MT SCORPIO141415H SEP 12

TB GO CANUPOS250035H SEP 12

INCIDENTS REPORTED (2012)

MT BUNGA JASMIN230030H JUL 12

MT PUTRI072310H DIS 12

TB CONFIDENCE200155H JUL 12

BT WAYABULA052322H FEB 12

BT ALIA SARI052352H FEB 12

MT SAKURA050031H FEB 12

TB INAI TERATAI302237H JUL 12

MT MERLION DUA112315H DIS 12

TUKAU

SEMPORNA

LOCAL FV140830H MEI 12

TB ARIFAH ARIYANA182230H JUL 12

TB PSA-LM NO. 1 DI PADA 082030H JUL 12

MODUS OPERANDIOrganised• Target valuable cargo, Tug boat, Tanker (low freeboard)(mostly ship’s conducting

illegal activities).• Robbers 5 in numbers or more.• Involving arms.• board vessel with the sole intention of stealing cargo or ship.• Will threaten or even assault the crew if offer resistance.• Hijacked ship changed to ‘Phantom’ ship. The name and color will be changed

while underway (mostly funnel colour).• cargoes will be transferred at sea (mostly MGO) to ‘Phantom’ ship or ‘Unknown’

ship.• Crew will be tied in cabin or left to drift at sea on a liferaft (MT ZAFIRAH).

Cont’dNon-organised (Petty theft)• Petty theft.• Target – any low freeboard ship at anchor.• Trial and error method using bamboo stick tied with steel hook to climb.• Involving robbers lightly armed (machetes).• Robbers 6 in numbers or less.• board vessel with the sole intention of stealing valuable items or personal

belongings and escape upon completion/detection with or without the stolen items (MT SCORPIO).

• Review threat characteristics.• Consider defensive measures.• Consider route, weather, navigation.• Check authorities presence, group transits/convoys.• Develop emergency communication plan.• Avoid areas of recent piracy activity (if possible).• Use weather as anti piracy measure.• If possible, transit during night.• Consider personal protecting gear.• Establish alarm procedures.• Equip citadel/safe muster points, communications and provisions.• Intensify watchkeeping – employ extra lookouts.• Keep large CPA to potential threats.• Heightened readiness – engines, power supply and steering gear.• Darken ship – navlights on.• Have search lights ready.

PROTECTIVE MEASURES (Underway)

• Report to authorities once anchored.• Review Ship’s Security Plan.• Limit access to key compartments and equipment.• Employ obstacles (razor wire, water spray etc.)• Intensify watchkeeping, extra security personnel.• Have alarm procedures in place.• Have self defence measures ready.• Report any suspicious activity.

PROTECTIVE MEASURES (At Anchor)

• Raise Ship’s Alarm.• Muster according to ship’s contingency plan.• Activate SSAS, send distress call and ensure AIS is ’on’.• Set full speed up wind (underway).• ZigZag to force pirates to cross stern wave (underway).• Activate self defence: water spray, obstacles in water etc.• Keep your head down in case of shots fired.• Alert the company and authorities.• Go to safe muster point – offer no resistance.• If using citadel, make sure entire crew is inside.• Maintain communication with authorities.• Leave CCTV running.

PROTECTIVE MEASURES (If under attack/boarded)

• Situational awareness- Always aware on current situation in every port or waters.

• Training- Drill the crew.

• Vigilance- Treat every contact with suspicion.

• Preparedness- Ships equipped with anti-piracy equipment and tools. (barbwire, CCTV, etc.)

• Communication- Maintain continuous communication with relevant authorities.

• Cooperation- Provide early information of any suspicious activities surrounding the area.

THE KEY SUCCESS FACTORS

HOTLINE - 999MMEA Contact Points.

Hq 03-89434001 Kuantan 09-5735587

Langkawi 04-9609814 Kuala Terengganu 09-6223657

Pulau Pinang 04-26246146 Tok Bali 09-7780070

Lumut 05-6838737 Kuching 082-432544

Kuala Kedah 04-7621810 Bintulu 086-314024

Kuala Perlis 04-9851072 Miri 085-418204

Kuala Kurau 05-7279919 Tg. Manis 084-431364

Klang 03-31012445 Labuan 087-427999

Linggi 06-3876730 Kota Kinabalu 088-385174

Johor Bahru 07-2199402 Sandakan 089-229504

Tg Sedili 07-8916590 Tawau 089-752115

Batu Pahat 07-4344343 Lahad Datu 089-885713

Mersing 07-8531145

MARITIME STRATEGIES

• Maritime Domain Awareness• Visible Deterrence• Swift response• Ever present• Forward reaching• Maritime community cooperation

MARITIME COMMUNITY COOPERATION

• MMEA – Telekom Malaysia Cooperation on safety of underwater communication

cable on East Johor.

• MMEA – Johor Bunkering Association.Cooperation on EYES Program (Eyes and Ears at Sea).

Under the Maritime Community Cooperation strategy MMEA encourages engagements with organisations to ensure the safety of Malaysian Maritime Waters

MMEA ROLES FOCUSING ON PIRACY

In progress• Increased patrols in hot spot areas.• More personnel dedicated to combating piracy.• Special operations focusing on piracy.• Public relations – disseminating flyers on precautionary

measures for ships at anchor.• Bilateral agreement with neighbouring countries to

combat piracy (BARKORKAMLA, Singapore PCG).• Regional joint operations (PATKOR MALINDO).• Eyes program.

CHALLENGES

• Lack of communication between the maritime community and MMEA on early information of suspicious activities.

• Police report – ignorance of victims to lodge a police report.

• Blind spot on SWASLA radar coverage.

MMEA’s SUCCESS STORIES2 MAC 11 - ARREST OF 7 SUSPECTED SEA ROBBERS AT PENGERANG WATERS.

NO EVIDENCE. PROSECUTE UNDER IMMIGRATION ACT

9 MAC 11 - ARREST OF 7 SEA ROBBERS AT PENGERANG WATERS. CONVICTED & SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS JAIL AND 3 LASHES.

19 SEP 11 - ARREST OF 6 SEA ROBBERS AT TG. PIAI WATERS. CONVICTED & SENTENCED TO 10 YEARS JAIL AND 4 LASHES. ON APPEAL ADDITIONAL 5 YEARS

AND 1 LASH. TOTAL 15 YEARS JAIL AND 5 LASHES.

11 DECEMBER 2012 - ARREST OF 8 SEA ROBBERS AT 3.2 NM OFF TG SETAPA. CASE UNDERGOING TRIAL.

Thank You