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C o n f i d e n t i a l

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Program : MBASemester : III

Subject Code : MB0050

Subject Name : Research Methodology

Unit Number : 1

Unit Title : Introduction to Research

Lecture Number : 1

Lecture Title : Introduction to Research

Book Id : B1700

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Introduction to Research

Objectives :

Define the concept of research in management

Identify the types of researches available to a business researcher

Describe the complete process of a research study.

Explain the application of research in different domains of

Management

Identify the criteria needed to classify research as meaningful and

good research.

In this unit, we will discuss the meaning of research, the types of

researches available to the researcher and the process of a

research study.

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Unit-1 Introduction to Research

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Lecture Outline

Introduction

What is Research?

Types of Research

The Process of Research

Research Applications in Social and Business Sciences

Features of a Good Research Study

Summary

Check Your Learning

Activity

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Introduction

Research methodology refers to the procedures used in making

systematic observations or otherwise obtaining data, evidence, or

information as part of a research project or study.

Research activities may range from a simple collection of facts

(example, the number of MBA students who opt for higher studies

abroad in a particular institute) to validation of information (for

example, is the new diet cola more popular among women?) to an

exhaustive theory and model construction (for example,

constructing a model of Indias weather patterns in 2050 based onclimate change projections).

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What is Research?

Fred Kerlinger (1986) stated that Scientific research is a

systematic, controlled and critical investigation of propositions

about various phenomena.

Grinnell (1993) has simplified the debate and stated The word

research is composed of two syllables, re and search .

Hence management research is an unbiased, structured, and

sequential method of enquiry, directed towards a clear implicit or

explicit business objective.

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Types of Research

Based on the nature of enquiry or objectives, research can be of

the following types. Exploratory research

Conclusive research

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Types of Research

Exploratory research is used to gain a deeper understanding of

the issue or problem that is troubling the decision maker.

For Example: Let us say a diet food company wants to find out what kind

of snacks customers like to eat and where they generally buy health food

from.

Exploratory research studies are less structured, more flexible inapproach and sometimes could lead to some testable hypothesis.

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Types of Research

Conclusive research is carried out to test and validate the study

hypothesis. In contrast to exploratory research, these studies aremore structured and definite.

For example, finding customer satisfaction levels of heavy consumers of

different pizzas in the Pizza Hut menu.

Conclusive research can be of two types descriptive or causal

research. The main goal of descriptive research is to describe the

data and characteristics about what is being studied. Casual

research studies explore the effect of one thing on another and

more specifically, the effect of one variable on another.

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The Process of Research

While conducting research,

information is gathered

through a sound and

scientific research process.

The process of research is

interlinked at every stage.

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Features of a Good Research Study

For a research to be of value, it must possess the following

characteristics:

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It must have a clearly

stated purpose.

It must follow a systematicand detailed plan for

investigating the researchproblem.

The selection of techniquesof collecting information,sampling plans and data

analysis techniques mustbe supported by a logical justification about why the

methods were selected.

The results of the study

must be presented in anunbiased, objective andneutral manner.

The research at every stage

and at any cost mustmaintain the highest ethicalstandards.

The reason for astructured, ethical,

justifiable and objectiveapproach is the fact thatthe research carried out by

you must be replicable

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Summary

Research is a tool, of special significance in all areas of management. It can

be defined as an unbiased, structured, and sequential method of enquiry,

directed towards a clear implicit or explicit business objective.

Based on the nature of enquiry or the objective, research can be

exploratory or conclusive research.

A research study usually follows a structured sequence of steps:

Developing and defining the research problem

Formulating the study hypothesis

Developing the study plan or proposal

Identifying the research design

Designing the sampling approach

Conceptualizing and developing the data collection plan

Executing data analysis

Working out data inference and conclusions

Compiling and preparing the research report 11

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Check Your Learning

1. Define Research.

Ans: Research is a careful, systematic, patient study and investigation in somefield of knowledge, undertaken to establish facts or principles.

2. What are the different types of researches that can be conducted by a

researcher?Ans: Research may be fundamental (or basic) or applied research. Based on thenature of enquiry or the objective, research can be exploratory or conclusive.

3. Distinguish between descriptive and causal research studies?

Ans: The main goal of descriptive research is to describe the data andcharacteristics about what is being studied. Casual research studies explore the

effect of one thing on another and more specifically, the effect of one variable

on another.

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Activity

Give examples of fundamental and applied research. You may refer

newspapers, magazines, journals or the Internet to find out the

examples.

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