mb0050 slides unit 06

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C o n f i d e n t i a l

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Program : MBA

Semester : III

Subject Code : MB0050

Subject Name : Research Methodology

Unit Number : 6

Unit Title : Questionnaire Design

Lecture Number : 6

Lecture Title : Questionnaire Design

Book Id : B1700

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Questionnaire Design

Objectives :

Recognize the relevance on the questionnaire method in research

Describe the step-wise process involved in the design of a

questionnaire

Define the content of the questions

Define the flow and sequence in the questioning method

Recognize the advantages and disadvantages of using the

questionnaire.

In this unit you will learn about the various aspects of the

questionnaire method in detail.

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Unit-6 Questionnaire Design

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Lecture Outline

Introduction

The Questionnaire Method

Types of Questionnaire

Process of Questionnaire Designing

Advantages and Disadvantages of the QuestionnaireMethod

Summary

Check Your LearningActivity

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Introduction

The questionnaire method is flexible enough to reveal data that is

in the respondents own words and language.

The pattern of questioning is always designed, keeping in mind

the respondentscomfort and ease of answering. Today, with the

wide use of technology it is very easy to use the questionnaire

method even without being present physically in front of therespondent.

Designing a well structured and study specific questionnaire

requires a structured and logical path so that the effort of

collecting information using the questionnaire is meaningful.

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The questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a series

of questions asked to respondents, in order to obtain statistically

useful information about a given topic.

It is essentially a data-collection instrument that has a

predesigned set of questions, following a particular structure (De

Vaus, 2002).

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Criteria for designning a questionnaire:

The spelt-out research objectives must be converted into clear questions

which will extract answers from the respondent.

it should be designed to engage the respondent and encourage a

meaningful response.

The questions should be self-explanatory and not confusing as then the

person will answer the way he understood the question and not in terms

of what was asked.

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Types of Questionnaire

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1. Convert the research objectives into information areas

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2. Method of administration

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3. Content of the questionnaire:

The researcher needs to do an objective quality check in order to see

what research objective/information need the question would be covering

before using any of the framed questions.

4. Motivating the respondent to answer:

The questionnaire should be designed in a manner that it involves the

respondent and motivates him/her to give information. There are

different situations which might lead to this.

Does the person have the required information?

Does the person remember?

Can the respondent articulate?

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5. Determining the type of questions:

6. Criteria for question designing

Clearly specify the issue

Use simple terminology

Avoid ambiguity in questioning

Avoid leading questions

Avoid loaded questions

Avoid double-barrelled questions

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7. Determine the questionnaire structure

The questions now have to be put together in a proper sequence.

Instructions

Opening questions

Study questions

Classification information

Acknowledgement

8. Physical characteristics of the questionnaire:

The first thing is the quality of the paper on which the questionnaire is

printed which should be of good quality. The font style and spacing usedin the entire document should be uniform.

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9. Pilot testing of the questionnaire:

Pilot testing refers to testing and administering the designed instrument

on a small group of people from the population under study. This is to

essentially cover any errors that might have still remained even after the

earlier eight steps.

10. Administering the questionnaire:

Once all the nine steps have been completed, the final instrument is

ready for conduction and the questionnaire needs to be administered

according to the sampling plan.

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Advantages and Disadvantages ofthe Questionnaire Method

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Advantages

Adaptability

Assures anonymity if it is self-administered by the respondent

There is no pressure of immediateresponse, thus the subject can fill inthe questionnaire whenever he or shewants.

Most economical method as it can beadministered simultaneously to anumber of respondents.

Disadvantages

Inexpensive standardized instrumenthas limited applicability

Sometimes for a sensitive issue itmay not reveal the actual reasons or

answers to the questions

Skewed sample response could beanother problem.

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Summary

The questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a series of

questions asked to respondents, in order to obtain statistically useful

information about a given topic.

It is one of the most cost-effective methods of collecting primary data,

which has the advantage of flexibility of approach and can be successfully

adapted for most research studies.

There are many different types of questionnaire available to the researcher.

Based on the structure, questionnaires can be categorized into unconcealed

and formalized, concealed and formalized, unconcealed and non-formalized

and concealed and non-formalized.

Based on the method of administration, the questionnaire could be in theform of a schedule or self-administered questionnaire.

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Check Your Learning

1. What is a questionnaire?

Ans: The questionnaire is a research technique that consists of a series of

questions asked to respondents.

2. What are the steps involved in the questionnaire design?

Ans: Questionnaire design is a well-structured and standardized process. Steps

involved in Questionnaire Design are: Convert the research objectives into

information areas, Method of administration, Content of the questionnaire,

Motivating the respondent to answer, Determining the type of questions,Criteria for question designing, Determine the questionnaire structure, Physical

presentation of the questionnaire, Pilot testing of the questionnaire and

Administering the questionnaire.

3. What are the advantages of the questionnaire method?

Ans: The questionnaire has many advantages such as adaptability, assures

anonymity if it is self-administered by the respondent, there is no pressure of

immediate response, thus the subject can fill in the questionnaire whenever he

or she wants., most economical method as it can be administered

simultaneously to a number of respondents.17

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Activity

The administrators of ParentsPride, one of the cityslargest pre-

nursery school, are concerned with the attitude parents have

towards the various aspects of the school and whether they would

recommend the school to their friends and colleagues. They have

authorized the undertaking of a marketing research study to

gather this information, and have directed that it covers the

following areas- all the functions with which the parents and thechild come in contact (such as admission, school infrastructure,

teachers, teachersattitude, meals, fee structure, parent teacher

interaction, hygienic conditions and so on). Design a questionnaire

that can be used for this study. Would your design change if this

was a schedule? How.

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