LESSON :

PERFORM BASIC

PREVENTIVE

MAINTENANCE

DISCUSSANTS: ALYSSA NATAÑO, MEIAN RAFAEL,

ARVIN MABEZA, JERSON HEGINA

OBJECTIVES:

• to identify different lubricants according to

types

• to present illustrations of types of lubricants

• to give knowledge about preventive

maintenance for manufacturing

• To provide examples of standard procedures

and specifications

BASIC LUBRICATION

• Lubricant - reduces friction between

moving metal surfaces. It cools surfaces

and resists being displaced by the

pressure, keeping the metal parts

separated. It also prevent corrosion,

block contaminants and can serve as a

coolant.

TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

1. Oils cover a broad class of fluid lubricants which

has particular physical properties and

characteristics.

• Naphthenic oils – contain little wax and their low

pour point makes them good lubricants for most

applications

• Paraffinic oils – are very waxy which makes them

useful for hydraulic equipment and other

machineries

•Greases are ideal for lubricating bearings, gaskets, seals and other moving parts. It consists of oil or synthetic fluid (~80%), a thickening agent (~10%) and additives (~10%)

• - The consistency of greases is usually ranked by their relative hardness on a scale set by the National Lubricating Grease Institute (NLGI).

• Solid lubricants are usually fine powders,

such as Molybdenum Disulfide (Moly),

graphite and Teflon (PTFE). They can be

used alone, or as additives in grease or

dispersions, or as dry film bonded

lubricants.

•Rust remover is used mainly to dissolve

rust. It is also used as an excellent

cleaner.

•Dry lubricant is a grease product that

dries in a few minutes and leaves a

protective film. Since it dries rapidly, it

doesn’t attract dust, so there is no mess.

It is recommended to be used on rubber,

car door gaskets, handsaws, miter saw,

and saw sliders, window sashes and

others.

•Penetrating lubricant – its lubricating

properties persist even after having

removed residues, as it penetrates

into metal. It is ideal for door hinges,

even the fridge, hard to open pliers,

ski bindings and others as it does not

hold dirt and dust.

• Synthetic lubricants are more inert, generate less

waste, are capable of a wider range of temperatures

and have a longer life than petroleum materials.

• Synthetic oils are used to lubricate instrument

bearings, hydraulics, air compressors, gas and

steam turbines and other applications. They have

excellent viscosity temperature characteristics,

good resistance to oxidation and an extremely

wide operating temperature range.

• Synthetic greases can last a lifetime,

making them very cost-effective. They

are chemically inert, and their high

thermal stability makes the useful for

aerospace, electrical, automotive and

other high-tech or industrial applications.

•Silicones are very stable and very

inert lubricants, which provide a wider

range of operating temperatures than

non-silicone synthetic lubricants.

Other advantages include water

repulsion and electrical insulation.

KINDS, USES AND PROPERTIES OF CLEANING SOLVENTS

Kinds of Cleaning Solvents

Solutions are homogenous mixture of two or more

components: can be gaseous, liquid or solid.

The dissolved material in a solution is termed as solute

while the dissolving medium is called solvent.

Solvent is a component of a solution that dissolves

solute and is usually present in large proportion or

amount.

Classifications:

Polar solvents – solvents

which dissolve or are soluble in water

Non-polar solvents – are

solvents which do not dissolve / are

insoluble in water.

WATERSoluble in water

Polar Solvent

GASOLINEInsolubleNonpolar

KEROSENEInsolubleNonpolar

THINNERInsolubleNonpolar

DETERGENT SOAP

SolublePolar

•Properties of Cleaning Solvents

When there is a similarity of

electrical properties (e.g. high dipole

element between solute and solvent) the

solute-solvent attractions are particularly

strong. When there is dissimilarity, solute-

solvent attractions are weak.

USES OF CLEANING SOLVENTS

GASOLINE- used to wash oil /

greasy tools / equipment

DIESOLINE- used to wash

oil engine, transmission& other parts of

the vehicle

KEROSENE- used to

remove dust, grease oil, paint. etc.

THINNER - used to remove

spilled paint on the floor, walls and tools

SOAP & WATER - used to wash / clean

upholstered furniture such as seats, tables, cabinets, etc.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PRACTICES IN HANDLING CLEANING SOLVENTS

o You should never use compressed air to clean your

clothes, hands or body. The pressure can cause the

cleaning solvents and dirt particles to penetrate your skin,

resulting in infection and or blood poisoning.

o Do not use compressed air to clean an object

immediately after it has been removed from a hot cleaning

tank. Rinse the cleaning solvents away with water.

o Do not use carbon tetrachloride as cleaning solution.

o The fumes when inhaled can cause serious

internal injury and possibly result in death.

o In steam-cleaning place the object is to be

cleaned on a platter and wear a face shield and

rubber gloves for protection against loose debris.

o Use the appropriate gloves.

o Keep all inflammable cleaning solvents in closed

tin containers and whenever possible, store them in

a separate area.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

Three main types of Tools & Equipment:

Hand tools – your hand supplies the energy to operate them

Machine or power tools – uses either electricity, compressed air, or hydraulic pressure to make them operate

Measuring tools

Tips and Techniques

• o The best way to keep the tools in good condition is

to just clean them

• o If mortar builds up on the tools, special cleaners may

be needed

Advantages of proper usage:

1. Efficiency of the work

2. High quality of the work

3. Speed of accomplishment

4. Accuracy

WATER AND MORE

• o Water is the best cleaning agent for small and larger tools.

• o If mortar has hardened on the tools, and water is not

sufficient to remove it, muriatic acid can be used to clean the

tools.

• o If the mortar sits too long and builds up on the mortarboard,

any kind of concrete dissolve will work to clean it.

• o A non-porous, smooth surface with a concave at the middle

portion helps the mortar board to keep water for greater

workability.

• o Masonry mortar does not bond to the working surfaces.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENANCEo Preventive maintenance using preservatives can keep

wooden tools in top shape by preventing the wood from

splitting.

o Linseed oil is recommended for wooden levels and

wooden handles. It protects against splitting and spilling

when the wooden part gets wet repeatedly due to

constant use.

o However, some metal tools like trowels are prone to

rust. But if they are used almost everyday, rust and other

unwanted elements will wear off naturally which keeps

them clean always.

ROUTINE SERVICE

o If a hammer handle becomes loose, it should be replaced

immediately. The hammers should be sharpened by a

blacksmith.

o Good maintenance of your carbon chisel lets you cut faster

and accurately.

o If you need to tighten up a wooden handle, insert another

wedge into the end of the handle or immerse the hammer

head into a bucket of water overnight to expand the wood.

o For striking tools with carbide tips, storing properly is

important.

MAINTAIN AND SERVICE MOTORIZED PRODUCT

• Frequently used equipment also needs a

squirt of grease. They require minimum

and periodic maintenance. You have to

change the engine oil occasionally. Tire

pressure should be checked regularly for

safety reason as well.

LESSON 2 : STORE TOOLS AND EQUIPMENTA. Tools and equipment inventory

Ø Inventory – detailed list of all the items in stock

Some companies often spend more time in tracking

and managing their inventory. This creates a difficult

situation of attempting to manage inventory at

multiple job locations.

Depending on the company, owners or managers

may require employees to use own tools for certain

jobs.

For example, construction companies may require

employees to have their own items such as a

hammer, painting equipment or welding supplies.

This reduces inventory management.

Whatever is the type of company or shop, inventory taking is very important.

REASON FOR MAINTAINING TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT INVENTORY

• The most important point to consider is to purchase

top-grade tools.

• Special consideration is given to balance so that the

tool, equipment will be properly maintained and

prevent loses.

• The initial cost of a minimum number of tools is high

but there is accompanying warranties and guarantees

satisfaction and many years of service.

POINTS TO CONSIDER

• Create a sign out sheet for all shop

tools.

• Conduct an audit for long-term jobs.

•Restrict shop tool access to one

individual.

•Use a barcode system to track inventory.

~ END. THANK YOU *U*