Mapping Our WorldMapping Our World

Latitude and Longitude• Cartography

– Science of mapmaking– Uses imaginary grid of

parallel lines and vertical lines to locate points on earth

– Equator cuts Earth in Half

LatitudeLatitudeLatitude: lines running to the equator dividing the

globe vertically into degrees north and south of

The equator• Each degree of latitude= 111km on Earth’s surface• Each degree is further broken down into minutes and

then seconds• Each minutes of latitude= 1.85 km• Each second of latitude= 0.031 km

LatitudeLatitude

• equator is @ 0 Degrees Latitude

• 90 Degrees North Latitude is North Pole

• 90 Degrees South Latitude is the South Pole

• 23.5 Degrees North Latitude is Tropic of Cancer

• 23.5 Degrees South Latitude is Tropic of Capricorn

LongitudeLongitude

Longitude: lines used to locate positions East andWest of the Prime Meridian• Each degree of longitude is 111 km at the Equator and is

further broken down into minutes and seconds• Distance between lines of longitude change-largest at the

equator and smallest at the poles.• Unlike lines of Latitude, lines of Longitude are not parallel but

are semicircles running from pole to pole• Distance between degrees of longitude are not equal, unlike

the distance between degrees of latitude; smaller distance closer to the poles.

• When using coordinates to locate a specific point, degrees of latitude are given first followed by degrees of longitude

Longitude Longitude

• Prime Meridian is @ 0 Degrees longitude through Greenwich England

• Points west of P.M. are numbered 0-180o west

• Points east of the P.M are numbered 0-180o east

• International dateline is opposite P.M. when crossing you going west, add a day, when crossing going East subtract a day

Latitude and Longitude TogetherLatitude and Longitude Together

Time ZonesTime Zones

Time Zones: 24 different time zones

on Earth, Why? (it takes the earth 24

hours for 1 rotation)

• Each zone is = 15 Degrees wide, adjusted to local areas to reduce time zone confusion

• United States has 6 time zones

Time ZonesTime Zones

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International Date LineCalendar Dates: days based on Earth’s rotation,just as time zones are, so when passing throughtime zones, you either gain or lose time• On the international dateline, 180 Degrees from the

Prime Meridian, days are lost and gained• Traveling west across the prime meridian you gain a day• Traveling east across the prime meridian you lose a day

International Date LineInternational Date Line