magleby chapter3 ppt
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3American Federalism
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Learning Objectives
3.1
3.2
3
Interpret the definitions of federalism, and assess the advantages and disadvantages of the American system of federalism
Differentiate the powers the Constitution provides to national and state governments
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Learning Objectives
3.3
3.4
3
Assess the role of the national courts in defining the relationship between the national and state governments, and evaluate the positions of decentralists and centralists
Analyze the budget as a tool of federalism, and evaluate its impact on state and local governments
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Learning Objectives
3.5
3
Evaluate the current relationship between the national and state governments and the future challenges for federalism
3.5
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Defining Federalism
Alternatives to Federalism Advantages of Federalism Disadvantages of Federalism
3.1
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3.1Cooperative Federalism
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Alternatives to Federalism Unitary system
Central government holds all power Confederation
Constituent units are sovereign Not all federations are alike
Vary over time as well as place
3.1
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Advantages of Federalism
Federalism checks the growth of tyranny Federalism allows unity without uniformity Federalism encourages experimentation Federalism provides training and creates
opportunities for future national leaders Federalism keeps government closer to
the people
3.1
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FIGURE 3.1: Number of governments in the United States, 2009
3.1
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Disadvantages of Federalism Government cannot respond quickly to
national problems Division of power makes it difficult for
voters to hold elected officials accountable Lack of uniformity can lead to conflict Variation in policies creates redundancies,
inefficiencies, and inequalities
3.1
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3.1 Which type of government vests all sovereign power in a central authority?
3.1
a. Confederationb. Unitary governmentc. Federalismd. Alliance
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3.1 Which type of government vests all sovereign power in a central authority?
3.1
a. Confederationb. Unitary governmentc. Federalismd. Alliance
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Constitutional Structure of American Federalism Powers of the National Government Powers of the States Constitutional Limits and Obligations Interstate Relationships
3.2
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Powers of the National Government Types of powers in the Constitution
Delegated powers Implied powers Necessary and proper clause Express power Inherent powers
3.2
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Powers of the National Government National government authority over
states: Supremacy clause War power Power to regulate interstate and foreign commerce Power to tax and spend
3.2
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Powers of the States
Reserve power All powers not granted to national government
Concurrent power Shared powers with national government
3.2
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3.2Medical marijuana
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Constitutional Limits and Obligations States prohibited from:
Making treaties Interfering with foreign commerce Coining money Taxing imports/exports Engaging in war
National government cannot force states to enforce national laws
3.2
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TABLE 3.1: Constitutional division of national and state powers
3.2
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Sobriety checkpoint 3.2
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Interstate Relationships
Full faith and credit Interstate privileges and immunities Extradition Interstate compacts
3.2
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3.2 What are state-only powers known as?
3.2
a. Concurrentb. Reservec. Extradition d. Supremacy
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3.2 What are state-only powers known as?
3.2
a. Concurrentb. Reservec. Extradition d. Supremacy
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National Courts and Federalism McCulloch v. Maryland National Courts and the Relationship with
the States Supreme Court and the Role of Congress Continuing Debate Between Centralists
and Decentralists
3.3
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McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) Dispute over division of federal-state
power Marshall’s opinion Implied national powers National supremacy
3.3
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National Courts and the Relationship with the States Fourteenth Amendment
Due process Equal protection
Preemption Conflict with national law Dominant national interest
3.3
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Supreme Court and the Role of Congress 1930s-1990s: Court favors national
government power Broadly interprets commerce clause
Shift toward states’ rights Conservative appointees Constitutional counterrevolution
3.3
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Voter registration 3.3
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Continuing Debate Between Centralists and Decentralists Centralists believe national government
should exercise its powers to the fullest Lincoln, Roosevelt, FDR, Johnson, Court
Decentralists believe government power should be narrowly defined Anti-Federalists, Jefferson, Reagan, Bush, conservative
Supreme Court justices Devolution revolution: returning power to the states
3.3
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3.3Texting while driving
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3.3 Which president would have beena decentralist?
3.3
a. Abraham Lincolnb. Franklin Delano Rooseveltc. Ronald Reagan d. All of the above
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3.3 Which president would have been a decentralist?
3.3
a. Abraham Lincolnb. Franklin Delano Rooseveltc. Ronald Reagan d. All of the above
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National Budget as a Tool of Federalism Types of National Government Grants Politics of National Grants Battle for Grants Unfunded Mandates
3.4
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Types of National Government Grants Project grants Formula grants Categorical grants Block grants
3.4
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Changing School Lunches 3.4
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Politics of National Grants; Battle for Grants Republicans favor block grants Democrats favor categorical grants Battles tend to be cyclical
When one level has control, people tend to think other level would do better
States and local governments lobby for grants
3.4
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Unfunded Mandates
Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 Must explain costs to state and local government Must explain why those governments must pay for it
3.4
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3.4 Which type of grant gives states more discretion in how the money is spent?
3.4
a. Project grantb. Categorical grant c. Unfunded mandate d. Block grant
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3.4 Which type of grant gives states more discretion in how the money is spent?
3.4
a. Project grantb. Categorical grant c. Unfunded mandate d. Block grant
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Politics of Federalism
Growth of National Government Future of Federalism
3.5
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Growth of National Government Power has shifted to national government
Problems national in scope Economic growth Great Depression (1930s) Communications technology Civil War Inertia
3.5
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Future of Federalism
Greater roles of state government Which government will protect civil
rights? Federalism
Source of rewards Source of frustration
3.5
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3.5 The tendency of federalism in the U.S. has been toward
3.5
a. More federal powerb. More state powerc. Increases in both federal and state powerd. Decreases in both federal and state power
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3.5 The tendency of federalism in the U.S. has been toward
3.5
a. More federal powerb. More state powerc. Increases in both federal and state powerd. Decreases in both federal and state power
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Discussion Question
What are the different types of grants that the federal government can give to the states? Which type do states prefer, and why? Do these grants give more power to the federal government or the states?
3