m. zalewski lublin 2015 final
TRANSCRIPT
EKOHYDROLOGICZNE PODSTAWY OGRANICZANIA EUTROFIZACJI W SYSTEMACH RZECZNYCH I ZBIORNIKACH ZAPOROWYCH
Professor MACIEJ ZALEWSKI Director European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology PAS u/a UNESCO
Chairman of Department Applied Ecology University of Łódz
UNESCO International Hydrological Programmephase VIII: 2014 -2021
Acceleration of water outflow from catchment and habitats degradation
UNESCO EcohydrologyDanube Demosite(Janauer 2010)
What we have done with climate, water and nutrients cycles?
The forecast of water resources limitation in 2025
1/ Water - acceleration the outflow to the seas from the agricultural and urbanized land (70%)
2/ Carbon and nutrients - reduction of the organic carbon amount in the catchments landscapes in soils and biomass
3/ Above two processes reduce biological productivity and resilience of ecosystems and increase load of the nutrients and pollutants in to aquatic ecosystems where they generate siltation and secondary pollution
0
Global average warming: 2.8°C
Lake Tanganika
Tanganika Lake
NASA Earth Observatory
Gulf of Mexico
Transfer of organic matter and pollutants to coastal zone
Ecohydrological – Process - oriented thinking
Modification of water cycle due to
- Deforestation- Unification of agricultural landscape
- Stream channelization- Impermeable urbanised space- Storm water and drainage systems
Catchment’s deforestation in Ethiopia Climate change Warta River Poland
An
nu
al e
vap
ora
tio
n [
mm
]
D – atmospheric water vapour deficit [hPa]V – wind speed [ms-1]R – solar radiation balance [Wm-2]
M = D*V*R/100
- Stream channelization- Impermeable urbanised space- Storm water and drainage systems
Terr
estr
ial p
has
eA
cqu
atic
ph
ase
Drying airDrying air
Drying landDrying river
Kędziora 2012-2014
Drought area (%) in central Poland
Mea
n a
nn
ual
dis
char
ge [
m3s-1
]W
arta
Riv
er
(HELCOM, 2011; SYKE, 2011)
Diffuse pollution
Proportion of sources contributing to P and N input into the Baltic Sea
The concept of abiotic – biotic regulation continuum , explaining changes in the hierarchy of factorswhich determine the structure and dynamics of riverine fish communities at different geographic zones.( Zalewski & Naiman, 1985)
The deductive background of ecohydrological theory Model of hierarchy of the regulatory factors as key for process oriented thinking
The deductive background of ecohydrological theory is, that the amount of waterdetermines the amount of carbon accumulated in an ecosystem whiletemperature determines the carbon allocation between biomass and soil organicmatter.The maximum biodiversity and bioproductivity is achieved at highest wateravailability and highest temperatures . (Zalewski 2010)
DUAL REGULATIONRegulation of biotaby altering hydrologyand regulation of hydrologyby shaping biota
HARMONIZATIONof ecohydrological measureswith necessary hydrotechnicalinfrastructure
INTEGRATIONof various regulations acting in a synergistic way to stabilize and improve the quality of water resources
REGULATION
ECOHYDROLOGY - THE MAJOR BODY OF THE THEORY
ERCE UNESCO , Poland Zalewski 20011
BIOTA
HYDROLOGY
Białowieża National ParkRecultivated spoil heap of Bełchatów Mine
Constructed ecosystems in Olentangy River Wetland Research Park, Ohio
Zalewski, M. 2013. Ecohydrology: process-orinted thinking towards sustainable river basins. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 13(2), 97-103.
Key approaches in environmental sciences towards sustainability
Process-oriented thinking
Structure-oriented thinking
Zalewski, M. 2013. Ecohydrology: process-oriented thinking towards sustainable river basins. Ecohydrol. Hydrobiol. 13(2), 97-103
FLOOD PROCESSES IN THE PILICA FLOODPLAIN
DigitalTerrain Model
Quantification of flood sedimentation on the experimental floodplain
MASS OF FLOOD
SEDIMENTS
(1+2)
MASS OF
PLANTS
COMPONENT
(1)
MASS OF FINE-
GRAIN FLOOD
SEDIMENTS
(2)
PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN
FINE-GRAIN FLOOD
SEDIMENTS
[g m-2] [g m-2] [g m-2] [mg P g s.m.
osadu-1]
[mg P m-2]
153,1 68,3 84,8 3,3 202,9
Sedimen-tation
Kiedrzyńska E., Kiedrzyński M., Zalewski M., 2008. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology, Vol. 8, No 2-4, 281-289.
W. L. (260 cm)
Model of the flooding for the highest water level
DTM of the 30 km section of the Pilica River valley
QUANTIFICATION OF FLOOD PROCESSES AND SEDIMENTATION
IN THE VALLEY
RETENTION
Flooding
areas
Sediments
load
TN
load
TP
load
1007 ha 560 tons 8 tons 129 tons
Experimental river floodplain
Identification
of the flooding areas
in the valley
Retention
of nutrients
and sediments’
load
Kiedrzyńska E. et al. (in preparation).
MODELS - CCHE2D
Q=0,23 m/swsl= 169,6
Q=1,61 m/swsl=171,07 WWQ=161 cm3/s
SSQ=23.3 cm3/s
[kg/s]
Oxford – Mississippi USA United States – PolandTechnology Transfer Project
- mean flow condtitions
- high flow condtitions
Simulation of watervelocity distribution
Suspended and bedloadtransport
Magnuszewski, Kiedrzyńska, Wagner, Zalewski. 2005
2D Models to predict,
characterise and better
understand sedimentation
processes on the Pilica River
floodplain
TWO-DIMENSIONAL „CCHE2D” MODELS
Altinakar M., Kiedrzyńska E., Magnuszewski A. 2006. Modelling of inundation pattern at Pilica river floodplain, Poland. In: Demuth S., et al. (Eds) Climate Variability and Change—Hydrological Impacts. IAHS Publ. 308. 579-585.
Molecular biologyfor Ecohydrology:
methods for early warning and
biotechnologies enhancement
Cause-effect analysistoxigenic cyanobacteriaand physicochemicla parameters of water
Analisys of relationship between organismscyanobacteria/bacteria/cyanophages•detection of cyanophages degrading cyanobacterialcells•detection of bacteria degrading cyanotoxins
mcyA gene, toxic genotype of M aeruginosa(291 – 297 bp)
16S rRNA Microcystis, mcyA toxic genotype
g91 Myoviridae , 16S rRNA Aeromonas
Early warning detection of toxigenic (potentially toxic) strain of cyanobacteria
… for
regulation of processes
towards:
1. Rreversing degradation;
2. Development of cost
efficient measures
3. Enhancing the carrying
capacity of ecosystems
nosZ gene, culturable bacteria, Pseudomonas sp.
New reserach
Gagała et al., Microbial Ecology, 2013,
DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0303-3
Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Environ. Toxicol. 2006, 21: 380-387Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Environ, Toxicol. 2011, 26, 10-20Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Harmful Algae 2011, 10: 356-365Gagała et al., Fresenius Environ. Bull 2012, 21(2): 295-303
Ecohydrological biotechnologies- process optimization selection and implementation of bacteria in denitrifying barriers to removal of
nitrate compounds
Eksperymenty z udziałem bakterii hodowalnych
Rola mikroorganizmów w dynamice występowania toksycznych zakwitów sinic
Bakterie zdolne do degradacji mikrocystyn
Analiza homologii BLAST wykazała ≥94% podobieństwa do genu 16S rRNA bakterii Aeromonas veronii w-s-03
sekwencjonowanie
16S rRNA gene
64 AGCGGCGGACGGGTGAGTAATGCCTGGGGATCTGCCCAGTCGAGGGGGATAACTACTGGA 123 124 AACGGTAGCTAATACCGCATACGCCCTACGGGGGAAAGCAGGGGACCTTCGGGCCTTGCG 183
184 CGATTGGATGAACCCAGGTGGGATTAGCTAGTTGGTGAGGTAATGGCTCACCAAGGCGAC 243
244 GATCCCTAGCTGGTCTGAGAGGATGATCAGCCACACTGGAACTGAGACACGGTCCAGACT 303
304 CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAGTGGGGAATATTGCACAATGGGGGAAACCCTGATGCAGCCATGC 363
364 CGCGTGTGTGAAGAAGGCCTTCGGGTTGTAAAGCACTTTCAGCGAGGAGGAAAGGTTGGT 423
424 AGCTAATAACTGCCAGCTGTGACGTTACTCGCAGAAGAAGCACCGGCTAACTCCGTGCCA 483
484 GCAGCCGCGGTAATACGGAGGGTGCAAGCGTTAATCGGAATTACTGGGCGTAAAGCGCAC 543
544 GCAGGCGGTTGGATAAGTTAGATGTGAAAGCCCCGGGCTCAACCTGGGAATTGCATTTAA 603
604 AACTGTCCAGCTAGAGTCTTGTAGAGGGGGGTAGAATTCCAGGTGTAGCGGTGAAATGCG 663
664 TAGAGATCTGGAGGAATACCGGTGGCGAAGGCGGCCCCCTGGACAAAGACTGACGCTCAG 723
724 GTGCGAAAGCGTGGGGAGCAAACAGGATTAGATACCCTGGTAGTCCACGCCGTAAACGAT 783
784 GTCGATTTGGAGGCTGTGTCCTTGAGACGTGGCTTCCGGAGCTAACGCGTTAA-TCGACC 842
843 GCCTGGGGAGTACGGCCGCAAGGTTAAAACTCAAATGAATTGACGGGGGCCCGCACAAGC 902
903 GGTGGAGCATGTGGTTTAATTCGATGCAACGCGAARAACCTTACCTGGCCTTGACATGTC 962
963 TGGAATCCTGTAGAGATRCGGGAGTGCCTTCGGGAATCAGAACACAGGTGCTGCATGGCT 1022
Sulejów Tresta 2010
05.0
5.2
010
19.0
5.2
010
01.0
6.2
010
16.0
6.2
010
30.0
6.2
010
13.0
7.2
010
04.0
8.2
010
11.0
8.2
010
26.0
8.2
010
17.0
9.2
010
05.1
0.2
010
Aer
om
on
as
iso
late
B MM
900 bp
800 bp
600 bp
400 bp
300 bp
200 bp
100 bp
500 bp
700 bp
1000 bp
16S rRNA
Aeromonas
(953 bp)
Sulejów Tresta 2010
Mankiewicz-Boczek et al., Environ. Toxicol., wysłano do recenzji
90% podobieństwa do cyjanofaga z rodziny Myoviridae,
szczep Ma-LMM01g91
14 ACCTAACCAGATTG 1
70 GCTGGAGTATTAGAGTTAMCAAG-AST-T--TCCTCTGTGCCCATCTCTAGCGGCGACCT 15
130 ACATCAGCGTTCGTTTCGGCACTGTAGCCGGTGCAGCCCTCAWTATAGTAGAGGGTAATA 71
Sulejów Reservoir
Amplifikacja genów: 16S rRNA, mcyA, g91
Rola mikroorganizmów w dynamice występowania toksycznych zakwitów sinic
sinice
genotypy toksyczne
cyjanofagi
sinice
genotypy toksyczne
cyjanofagi
sinice
genotypy toksyczne
cyjanofagi
Degradacja komórek sinicowych przez cyjanofagi (gen g91)
Sekwencjonowanie
1 m
1, 3 mbrown
coal
calcium coal
Manure storage site before constructing the ditches
A
C
B
Photo 2. Example from the demonstration site, restoration of a point source of nitrogen – manure storage site in the village of Jervonice, central Poland A – manure storing site before constructing the ditch; B- mixed material, brown and calcium coal; C –underground constructed ditch
before ditches in ditches behind ditches-400
-200
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
mg
NO
3 l
-1
Average
Average +/- SD
Min-Max
Fig. 2. Average nitrate concentration in ground water befor, in and behindditch in Jervonice demonstration site.
Denitrification in the catchment can be enhanced by the increase of an organic carbon content in the soil
65%
Bednarek et. al. 2014, in press
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology u/a UNESCO, Lodz, Poland
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology u/a UNESCO, Lodz, Poland
APPLICATION OF MICROBIAL ACTIVATORS – DENITRIFYING BACTERIA
2NO3- 2NO2
- 2NO N2O N2
main objectiveacceleration of activation of the denitrifying ditch and increasing its capacity
nitritereductase
nirS or nirK
nitric oxidereductase
cnorB or qnorB
nitric oxidereductase
nosZBacterial genes active in denitrification complete process
Amplification of nosZ gene
Detection of bacterial strains from ditch with coal (J) and ditch with sawdust (U)
J U
J
U
(www.geoportal.gov.pl)
Nitrogenload
from agricultural land
Sulejow Reservoir Denitrification walls
Plants
Recreational facilities (jetty)
Recreational facilities (jetty)
Biogeochemical barriers
Plants
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
B1 B2 B3 B4 B5
3.09.2010
30.09.2010
3.11.2010
9.12.2010
Critical value
marking polluted water
acc. to Nitrates
Directive
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Z1 Z2 Z3 Z4 Z5
3.09.2010
30.09.2010
3.11.2010
9.12.2010
19.01.2011
Critical value
for appearance of
cyanobacterial bloom
(www.geoportal.gov.pl)
Sulejow Reservoir
Phosphorusloadfrom recreational area
DEVELOPMENT OF SOLUTIONSIDENTIFICATION OF PROBLEMS
Reduction of nitrogen pollution from diffuse source by enhancement of plant buffering zones with denitrification walls
Reduction of phosphorus pollution from diffuse source by enhancement of plant buffering zones with biogeochemical barriers
Izydorczyk Zalewski, 2011PROJECT: EKOROB
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology u/a UNESCO, Lodz, Poland
Biogeochemical limestone-based barriers to enhance phosphorus reduction in buffer zone
(Izydorczyk et al. Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology 2013)
Ph
osp
hat
e co
nce
ntr
atio
nin
gro
un
dw
ater
[m
gPO
4/l
]
przed za0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Upstream of barrier
Downstream of barrier
Przed
Poligon demonstracyjny projektu LIFE+ EKOROB
Teraz
Wdrażanie wiedzy, Rekreacja, Edukacja
European Regional Centre for Ecohydrology u/a UNESCO, Lodz, Poland
Ecohydrology for the City of the future
18,4%16,1%
6% 6,7%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
asthma hay fever
Urban-rural differences in the prelanence of asthma and hay fever in children
city-center
rural area
Kuna, Kuprys-Lipinska, 2009
y = 0.4626e0.4812xR² = 0.9857
0
1
2
3
4
5
1-30 31- 70 71-80 81-100
Con
ce
ntr
atio
n B
(a)P
(n
g/m
3)
Surface impermability (%)
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517www.arturowek.pl
ZAKWITY GLONÓW I TOKSYCZNYCH SINIC w zbiornikach rekreacyjnych na terenie miasta Łodzi
Stawy Stefańskiego, 2006
prototyp SSSB* skonstruowany na rzece Sokołówce, projekt SWITCH
*Sekwencyjny System Sedymentacyjno-Biofiltracyjny (patent ERCE)
wariantowe rozwiązania SSSB* skonstruowane na rzece Bzurze
w Arturówku, projekt EH-REK
Stawy Stefańskiego
Stawy Jana
Stawy Stefańskiego, 2007
+38%
Stormwater inflowin to SBS
Enhanced sedymentation zone
Outflow purifiedstormwaters
Ca3(PO4)2↓
Geochemical barirere enhanced by geotextile curtains
Biofiltration zone
C6H12O6 + 6O2---->6CO2 + 6H2O
Filtering bedregeneration system
EH: Sequential Sedimentation-Biofiltration System (Zalewski 2008)
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
TOTAL PHOSPHORUS
Kiedrzyńska E., et. al. (in preparation).
Limstone zone Coal zone Sawdust zone1 Phase 2 Phase 3 Phase 4 Phase
Wetland with macrophytes3,5 m 3,45 3,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
monitoring stationsregeneration system -
Sequential Biofiltering System for improvement efficiency small WWTP
based on sequence of limestone, coal, sawdust and constructed wetlands
Sequential filtration of pollutants Biological treatment of pollutants
Outflow
from WWTPto the SBS
Outflowof purifiedWW to the river
I II III IV
Mean TP reduction: 26%Max. TP reduction 76%
Mean TN reduction: 48%Max. TN reduction 97%
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517www.arturowek.pl
VI.2013 V.2013
VI.2013
Sekwencyjny system sedymentacyjno-biofiltracyjny (SSSB) do przejmowania wód burzowych z ulicy Wycieczkowej
VI.2013
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517www.arturowek.pl
ECOHYDROLOGY – harmonisation of hydrological and biologicalsolutions for the freshwater ecosystem improvement
low cost and high effectiveness solution:(non-invasive, not disturbing the landscape,
sub-surface)
LIFE08 ENV/PL/000517www.arturowek.pl
The final effect of implementation of Ecohydrology for enhancement ecosystems services in small urban catchment (Jurczak, Zalewski in prep)
The recent ecological andrecreational ststaus
Good water qualityof recreational lake
SSBS
The Past
biomasa chwastow w
pierwszy m roku t s m na ha
~
utrata biomasa wierzby na skutek
zachwaszczenia w 1roku %
Biomasa
czy nnik 1
czy nnik 2
~
gestosc obsady a biomasa
biomasa chwastow
w drugim roku t s m na ha
~
utrata biomasy wierzby na skutek
zachwaszczenia w 2 roku %
procent utraty
biomasy przez 1 rok
procent utraty biomasy
przez drugi rok
utrata biomasy wierzby na skutek
zachwaszczenia w ciagu 4 lat
wilgotnosc
gleby %wzrost biomasy a N
przez 4 lata
procentowa ilosc zaatakowany ch
sadzonek przez szkodniki
gestosc obsady
ilosc sadzonek na ha
~
srednia miesieczna
temperatura dla Lodzi oC
~
srednie miesieczne
opady dla Lodzi
wilgotnosc
gleby %
~
srednia miesieczna
temperatura dla Lodzi oC
gestosc obsady
ilosc sadzonek na ha
~
pH gleby
a biomasa
pH gleby
~
akty wnosc zwierzy ny
a jej ilosc
ilosc sadzonek zaatakowany ch
przez szkodniki na ha
~wspolczy nnik wilgotnosci
~
biomasa
zjedzona przez zwierzy ne
w kolejny ch latach
~
biomasa a
zwierzy na
~
wilgotnosc
a temperatura
~wilgotnosc a opady
~
poziom wody
a opady
~
f otosy nteza
ilosc
zwierzy ny
~
przezy walnosc
a sila ssaca gleby
~
sila ssaca
gleby pF
wzrost biomasy a P
przez 4 lata
wzrost biomasy a K
przez 4 lata
przy zy walnosc a poziom wod
gruntowy ch w ciagu 4 lat
Translation interdisciplinary knowledge in to decision support modelsConversion sewage sludge in to bioenergy,/biomass production module
(Drobniewska Zalewski 2008)
Use of biodegradable geofibers for erosion controll
Construction of the sequentional biofiltration system for turbidity, eutrophication and dioxin toxicity reduction in the Asella BioFarm
Park lake
Dioxin toxicity reduction in the Asella
BioFarm Park lake
Use of sediments for bioenergy production
Sedimentation
Stock watering site and use of manure collected at the siteas a fertilizer
Before After
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
Sediment trap Biofiter Lake
toxi
city
[n
g T
EQ
/kg
d.w
.]
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
Inflow Lake Otflow
To
xici
ty [
ng
TE
Q/k
g d
.w.]
toxicity limit ccording to SQG
Zalewski, Urbaniak, Negussie 2013
The implementation of the ecohydrologymethods and systemic solutionsfor reduction of sedimentation, eutophicationand dioxin-induced toxicityin the Asalla BioFarmPark lakeETHIOPIA
Ecohydrology:
tool for mitigation of intermediate impacts
Photo: E. Kiedrzyńska
%
Ecohydrological
ecosystem
biotechnologies
Environmental technologies
(sewage treatment,
hydroengineering, civil
engineering)
Point-source
pollution
Non-point source
pollutionNatural
background
20
40
60
100
Zalewski 2014
unpublished
Effic
iency 80
Nutrient concentration
Catchment
resistance &
resilience
0.03 0.1 1 10 mg P L-1
Photo: T. Kamiński
www.uriuk.com M. PieńkowskiPhoto: M. Koch
Photo: M. Zalewski
Zalewski, 2013
Enhancement of high-energy consuming environmental engineering
technologies with low-cost ecohydrology biotchnologies
hYDROL
ECOL
ENG
BIOTECH
HYDROLOGY
ECOLOGY
ENGINEERING
BIOTECHNOLOGY
(Zalewski 2013)
INTEGRATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE provides the framework for integration technologies with ecohydrology and biotechnologies towards harmonization of society needs with ecosystems potential
Now I have understood what
”top down” means in
Ecohydrology.
http://colliercitizen.fl.newsmemory.com
Thank you
The inspiring cooperation of my colleagues from ERCE PAS u/a UNESCO, Department of Applied Ecology, UŁ UNESCO Division of Water Sciences and IHP is highly appreciated and made the introduced projects happened