AP European History Mr. Blackmon

Multiple Choice Questions Organized by Freller

Chapter 05 Economic Expansion, Social Change, and Religious Wars 1550-1650

Opening of the Atlantic

1 The Iberian peninsula has enjoyed a unique history due to theA Pyrenees Mountains B mountainous terrain of Andalusia C Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts D frigid climate E proximity to France

2 Which of the following explorers, sailing under the flag of Portugal, reached the westcoast of India in 1498 after rounding the Cape of Good Hope and crossing the IndianOcean?A. John CabotB. Vasco da GamaC. Bartolomeo DiasD. Amerigo VespucciE. Ferdinand Magellan

3 The Portuguese explorers were the fIrst Europeans to reach all of the following placesEXCEPT A the Congo B the Philippines C Cape of Good Hope D Angola E India

4 “Religion supplies the pretext and gold the motive.”

This statement was a contemporary characterization of

F. The launching of the Spanish ArmadaG. The execution of Charles IH. The posting of the Ninety-five ThesesI. New religious orders such as the Ursulines and JesuitsJ. Spanish and Portuguese expansion in the New World

5 Ferdinand and Isabella supported the expulsion or conversion of Muslims and Jews inSpain becauseA. Ferdinand and Isabella were hostile to religious faiths other than ChristianityB. Ferdinand and Isabella feared that if they did nothing many Christians would leave

SpainC. Spanish Muslims and Jews were believed to hinder the economic development of

Spain

D. Spanish Muslims and Jews outnumbered Christians in most large cities in thekingdom.

E. Spanish Muslims and Jews were protected by foreign powers hostile to Spain.6 "Your Highnesses, as Catholic Christians and Princes who love the Holy Christian faith,

and the propogation of it, and who are enemies to the sect of Mohammed and to allidolitries and heresies, resolved to send me to India to see the rulers there, and the citiesand lands, and their disposition, with a view that they might be converted to our holy faith;and ordered that I should not go by land to the eastward, as had been customary, but thatI should go by way of the west, whither up to this day we do not know for certain thatanyone has gone."

The explorer describing himself in the above passage isA Marco Polo B John Cabot C Henry Hudson D Christopher Columbus E Vasco da Gama

7. The great central and south American native civilizations collapsed after the arrival ofEuropeans for all of the following reasons EXCEPTA epidemics such as small poxB internal divisionsC European use of horsesD Spanish and Portuguese naval warfareE belief that the conquistadors were gods

Meeting of Two Worlds: Effects8 “It was an important confederation of commercial towns in northern Germany with its

own laws, diplomats, and flags. Its membership of merchants earned large profits shippingfish, timber, and other resources to areas to the west and to the south. Prosperitydeclined, however, when trade routes shifted from the Baltic to the Atlantic after 1500.”

The description above refers to the

F. Confederation of the RhineG. Hanseatic LeagueH. Merchants of he StapleI. Holy Roman EmpireJ. Schmalkaldic League

9 The free flow of plants and animals as well as trade goods, between Europe and theAmericas is referred to by historians as A transcontinental adoption B food migration C international assimilation D Columbian interaction E Columbian exchange

10 Which of the following was the most important factor behind the Price Revolution of thesixteenth century?A. Steady population growth and rising food costsB. The massive migration of Europeans to the New WorldC. The militarization of society and massive war taxesD. Governmental control of the economyE. The rapid growth of manufacturing and the depopulation of the countryside

11 All of the following are results of the opening of the Atlantic to commerce with Europeduring the 16th and 17th centuries EXCEPT A tons of precious metals from the New World came to Spain B the money supply expanded but productivity remained stable C runaway inflation occurred D inflation encouraged productivity E the nobility increased its wealth

12. Prices in Spain rose during the sixteenth century by about what amount?A 10%B 100%C 400%D 2000%E stayed the same

13 In the period from Columbus’ discovery of the Americas to the American Revolution all ofthe following goods were imported from the New World to Europe in large quantitiesEXCEPT F. SugarG. GoldH. Iron oreI. FursJ. Tobacco

14 The technological advances made in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries were greatlystimulated byA large scale miningB astronomyC medical research D physicsE caravan travel to China

15 Which of the following best characterizes the Western European economy, as a whole, inthe sixteenth-century?A. Widespread unemploymentB. Declining trade and commerceC. Technological breakthroughs in productionD. Unrestricted trade among nationsE. Spiraling inflation.

16 Which nation dominated overseas colonization in the 16th century? A England B Spain

C France D Austria E Holland

17 Which of the following contributed to the economic decline of Spain in the seventeenthcentury?

I The overexpansion of Spanish manufacturesII The loss of a colonial empireIII The debasement of the coinageIV The expulsion of the Moriscos

A. I and II onlyB. II and III onlyC. III and IV onlyD. I, II, and III onlyE. I, II, III, and IV

18 All of the following are associated with the commercial revolution in early modern EuropeEXCEPTA. An increase in the number of entrepreneurial capitalistsB. The appearance of state-run trading companiesC. A large influx of precious metals into EuropeD. An expansion of the guild systemE. A “golden age” for the Netherlands.

19 An immediate result of the commercial revolution that occurred with the increasedproductivity stimulated by the precious metals coming from the Americas was A the formation of an urban working class B a dramatic shift of population from the countryside to the cities C a drastic increase in the manorial fees due from the peasants D the rise of capitalism E t he abolition of the bourse

20 According to the graph above, which class in sixteenth-century England benefitted mostfrom the trends shown?A. LandownersB. Landless laborersC. Household servantsD. MerchantsE. Small-scale artisans

Changing Social Structures (Demograhpic, Agriculture, Towns, Family, Witchraft Craze)

21 The above graph shows the proportion of children born to noble families (peers) and tothe inhabitants of a rural village (Colyton) in England who died before the age of fifteen.The figures suggest that A the families of nobles and agricultural laborers had similar rates of child mortality

throughout the period B laboring families had a lower rate of child mortality most of the time C nobles had a better life expectancy than laborers D child mortality declined rapidly for all people after the industrial revolution E noble child mortality declined sharply after 1570

The following two questions are based on the table below

1650 5,000,000 1700 5,750,000 1750 6,000,000 1800 9,000,000 1850 18,000,000 1900 33,000,000 1950 44,000,000

22 The table above shows that the period when the population expanded at the fastest RATEwas A 1650-1700 B 1750-1800 C 1800-1850 D 1850-1900 E 1900-1950

23 The table above shows that the period with the greatest ABSOLUTE gain wasA 1700-1750 B 1750-1800 C 1800-1850 D 1850-1900 E 1900-1950

24 All of the following were factors in the spread of literacy during the fifteenth and sixteenthcenturies EXCEPTF. The invention of printing.G. The Protestant Reformation.H. The rise of state bureaucraciesI. An increase in compulsory state educationJ. A decline in the use of Latin.

25 Apprentices were boys who wereA sold as slavesB sent to the coloniesC supervised by journeymenD worked on farmsE learned a craft

26 Capitalism may be defined as theA control of economic growth by the government B exchange of imports and exportsC exploitation of colonial wealth by landowning elitesD accumulation of precious metals E growth through entreprenurial investment

27 Serfdom was consolidated during the 1500s and 1600s in which of the followingcountries? A England and France

B Russia and France C Prussia and the Netherlands D Austria and Spain E Russia and Prussia

28 Shakespeare*s history playsA advocated restoration of Plantagenet ruleB questioned the existing social structureC were profoundly unpatrioticD supported the legitimacy of the Tudor dynastyE expressed nostalgia for the Roman Catholic faith

29 “Before she is tortured, however, she is led aside by the executioner, and lest she may bymagical means have fortified herself against the pain, she is searched, her whole bodybeing shaved, although in no previous case has anything of this sort been found, Then sheis tortured with the torture of the first degree. Whatever she says, afterwards she isexecuted without scruple.”

The author of the above passageA agrees with the persecution of witchesB disagrees with the persecution of witchesC feels that the government is being too soft on witchesD believes that witchcraft is confined to old womenE supports religious exorcisms of witches

30 What accounted for the fact that women were the most likely victims of accusations ofwitchcraft in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? A women were growing more powerful and independent, which provoked men to

violence B older and widowed women were least able to defend themselves C rulers did not want women to be given the vote D traditions of magic and Satanism were associated exclusively with women E women were the principal wealth holders in society

31 during the great witchcraft persecutions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries , thosemost often tried as witches wereA. Young girlsB. Young boysC. Older womenD. Members of the clergyE. Members of the aristocracy

32 The Great European Witch Hunt, typified by the engraving above, was a result of all of thefollowing EXCEPT A the religious struggles of Europe during the 16th and 17th centuries B the increased social and religious conformity of the 16th and 17th centuries C a general misogynistic movement in society D a rise in the belief of the evil power of witches E the decline of most superstitions in common European society at the time

33 In early modern Europe, women were accused of practicing witchcraft more often thanwere men because of the belief that womenA. Lived longerB. Had too much political powerC. Had more money D. Were more prone to violenceE. Were more vulnerable to temptation.

34 What percentage of those accused of witchcraft executed in the sixteenth and seventeenthcenturies were women? A 10% B 30% C 50% D 80% E 100%

35 The persecution of witches came to an end in the seventeenth century because of all of the

following EXCEPTA the scientific revolutionB improved medical knowledge and insurance companies reduced vulnerability to

natural calamitiesC the violence of witch hunts became excessive and frightened everyoneD women were elevated to a more respected statusE rulers saw the persecution of witches as threatening to the legal system

Religious Wars (Phillip II, France, Spain, Thirty Years’ War)36 The Papacy lost its monopoly over Western Christianity in which century?

A sixteenth B seventeenth C eighteenth D nineteenth E twentieth

37 In the sixteenth century, all of the following had religious civil wars or political insurrectionsEXCEPT A. Muscovite RussiaB. EnglandC. The Low CountriesD. FranceE. The German states

38 Which of the following was NOT a part of Charles V's empire in the sixteenth century? A Spain B Austria C Poland D Naples E the Low Countries

39 Philip II of Spain (1556-1598) A championed religious toleration\Qf~uanish Jews and Moslems B granted independence to the Spanish Netherlands C abolished the Alcabala, a 10 percent tax on all sales that inhibited commerce D dedicated his reign to establishing Catholic orthodoxy E was defeated by the Turks at Lepanto

40 Spain under Philip II possessed all of the following EXCEPTA the resources of the Holy Roman EmpireB a devout and dedicated monarchC an efficient national bureaucracyD a subjugated peasantryE the vast wealth of the New World

41 King Philip II lived for much of his life in which of the following?A a palace in Madrid B a military tent on his campaigns C a naval vessel D a small house in Amsterdam E a monastery

42. The defeat of the Turks at the Battle of Lepanto in 1541A swept the Ottoman Empire from control of the BalkansB left the control of the Mediterranean divided C reunited the empire of Ferdinand and Isabella D opened Africa to European explorationE made the Mediterranean a Spanish lake

43 The term “cockpit of Europe” refers to which area?A the area around the mouth of the Rhine river B the South Swedish coast C Burgundy D Switzerland E Trieste and the north Dalmatian coast

44 The Pieter Brueghel painting (circa 1569) shown above depicts the massacre of villagers in A. The Netherlands by Spanish troopsB. Russia by Ottoman troopsC. Spain by English troopsD. France by Swedish troopsE. Hungary by Austrian troops

45 The leadership of the Dutch revolts (1566-1648) sought all of the following EXCEPT A. An alliance with the English CatholicsB. The end of the InquisitionC. The end of excessive taxationD. The elimination of the rule of foreign officialsE. An alliance with French Protestants

46 The single most important fact in English history is theA lack of natural resources B island status C mountains that cut it off from Scotland D arid climate E infertile soil

47 Queen Mary I of England married which of the following?

A Philip II of SpainB Charles V of AustriaC Philip of HesseD Louis XII of FranceE James V of Scotland

48 Elizabeth I of England was reluctant to execute Mary Queen of Scots becauseA of personal friendshipB of sympathy for her religionC of fear it would remove her son from the line of successionD it would require her to overrule her ministersE it would set a dangerous example

49. Queen Elizabeth I of EnglandA radicalized the Protestant Reformation B restored the monasteriesC organized the defeat of the Spanish Armada D gave more power to ParliamentE encouraged the clergy to marry

50 Which of the following resulted from the defeat of the Spanish Armada in 1588?A. Spanish domination of the Mediterranean was endedB. The invasion of England was preventedC. Dutch sympathies for the Spanish cause increasedD. War broke out between England and FranceE. A series of uprisings occurred in the Spanish colonies of Central and South America.

51 Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary Henry IV of France, have been calledpolitiques because they believed that A. Doctrinal unity was necessary to political unity.B. Religious questions were as important as political questions.C. Religion was the most important part of politics.D. Political leaders should not be involved in religious questions.E. Theological controversy should be subordinate to political unity.

52 A “regent” is a A prince of the Roman Catholic Church B pead of a province C socially mobile gentleman D chancellor's wife E ruler substituting for a king

53. The St. Bartholomew*s Day massacre in 1572A was greeted by Pope Gregory XIII with delight B created relief among the Protestant community in EuropeC succeeded in establishing the Guise family in control of FranceD was organized by Henry of NavarreE eliminated all the Huguenots in France

54 The Massacre of St. Bartholomew's Day in 1572 A marked the renewal of religious civil war in France

B resulted in the slaughter of Catholic leaders C marked the end of Protestantism in France D restored religious toleration in France E was perpetrated by Huguenot mobs

55 Which pair would have been the most awkward companions as dinner guests?A Elizabeth I of England and Thomas CranmerB Catherine de Medicis and Henry IV of FranceC Philip II of Spain and Charles V of AustriaD Mary Queen of Scots and Francis I of FranceE John Knox and John Calvin

56 When Henry IV remarked, "Paris is well worth a Mass," he was referring to A his prayers for the fall of the city during his siege of it B his expected visit during the Easter season C his conversion to Catholicism to gain popular favor D his conversion to Calvinism to gain support of the Huguenots E his visit with thePope to gain absolution

57. “Paris is well worth a mass,” was reputedly said byA the Pope to justify the St. Bartholomew*s Day massacreB Elizabeth Ito express her contempt for the FrenchC Henry IV to explain his religious conversionD Philip II to justify his invasion of FranceE Catherine de Medicis to explain her loyalty to the church

58 Which of the following groups was instrumental in ending the Wars of Religion (1562-1598)in France?A. A group of Catholics and Protestants called the politiquesB. The French Calvinist nobilityC. Catholic priests led by the papal nuncioD. A coalition between lower-class Calvinists and CatholicsE. The Huguenots

59 Which of the following is NOT true of the Edict of Nantes (1598)?F. It was issued by Henry IV of France.G. It allowed the practice of Protestantism in France.H. It was responsible for the St. Bartholomew’s Day massacre.I. It was revoked by Louis XIVJ. It was accepted by the French Huguenots.

60. Which of the following terms best describes the Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV ofFrance in 1598?A devious trickB religious truceC final settlementD meaningless gestureE generous acceptance

61 The Edict of Nantes in 1598 did which of the following:A. Ensured Anglo-French cooperation throughout the seventeenth century.

B. Created a French church separated from papal authority.C. Ended the War of the Spanish SuccessionD. Proclaimed the toleration of CalvinismE. Precipitated the French Wars of Religion.

62 The Edict of Nantes, issued by Henry N in 1598, was one of the most significant acts of hisreign because of all the following reasons EXCEPT A it was one of the first governmental guarantees of religious freedom in Europe B it granted Huguenots civil and political equality with Catholics C it continued the bitter civil war between Catholic and Protestant D it brought peace to France E it granted Huguenots political control of many towns in France

63 During the 16th century, which dynasty ruled a dominion that stretched from the Atlantic toEastern Europe, from the Baltic to the Mediterranean? A Valois B Hohenzollern C Bourbon D Tudor E Hapsburg

64 The shaded portions on the map above represent the areas A. Controlled by Protestant rulersB. Where the Renaissance first occurredC. Ruled by the Hapsburg familyD. Ruled by the Bourbon familyE. Affected most by urbanization and the commercial revolution

65 Which of the following was the primary cause of the Hapsburg - Valois feud, whichdominated European international politics in the sixteenth century?A. The differences in the religious positions taken by the two families during the

protestant ReformationB. The refusal of Charles of Hapsburg to marry a Valois princess.C. Competition for colonies overseasD. The conflicting political ambitions of the two families.E. Clashing territorial interests in southern Germany.

66 The shaded areas on the map above represent which of the following?A. Dynastic lands of the Hapsburgs in the sixteenth centuryB. Participants in the Thirty Years’ War in the seventeenth centuryC. Protestant regions in the eighteenth centuryD. Members of the Holy Alliance in the nineteenth centuryE. Members of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization in the twentieth century.

67 In the first half of the seventeenth century, the Austrian Hapsburgs subdued revolt andcentralized control in their territories by doing which of the following?A. Emancipating the peasantry and encouraging agricultural developmentB. Allying with the urban middle classes and encouraging commercial developmentC. Establishing a national church headed by the Hapsburg emperor and redistributing

former church properties.D. Creating a customs union to promote trade and acquiring new territories to supply

merchants with raw materials.E. Waging warfare against rebel groups and supporting the Catholic Reformation.

68 Probably the most important step Cardinal Richelieu took to strengthen centralizedgovernment and an absolutist monarchy in France was A to involve France in the Thirty Years' War B to institute the intendant system to oversee the provinces C to levy taxes on the clergy and nobility D to suppress the musketeers E to ban private duels within the realm

69 All of the following are accurate depictions of the Thirty Years' War (1618-1648) EXCEPT A it was fought mostly in Germany B it involved the major states of Europe C it was a religious struggle between Protestants and Catholics D it was a political struggle between the German princes and the Holy Roman Empire E it allied the French with the Austrian Hapsburgs

70 The event depicted here marked the start of which armed conflict? A The Thirty Years' War B The War of the Roses C The War of the Three Henrys D The Hapsburg-Valois Wars E The War of Spanish Succession

71 Which of the following is NOT a French river?A Seine B Danube C Marne D Rhone E Loire

72 The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years’ War was to A. Defend Catholicism against German Protestants.

B. Reduce the power of the Hapsburgs.C. Punish the Swedish king, Gustavus Adolphus.D. Conquer Brandenburg-PrussiaE. Place a Bourbon on the Spanish throne.

73 Most of the Thirty Years War was fought inA FranceB GermanyC ItalyD SpainE England

74. The Lutheran King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden was supported financially in his militarycampaigns byA Emperor Ferdinand of AustriaB Cardinal Richelieu of FranceC Pope Julius IID King Philip III of SpainE King Charles I of England

75 Which of the following was a major result of the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648)?A. The long-term strengthening of the Holy Roman Emperor’s authority.B. The banning of Calvinism in the German statesC. The establishment of strong Russian influence in the northern German states.D. The loss of as much as one-third of the German-speaking population through

war, plague, and starvation.E. The encouragement of rapid economic development in many German-speaking

cities.76 Which was a result of the Thirty Years' War?

A Germany replaced Austria as the predominant power in Central Europe. B The Hapsburg reign ended Austria. C Germany was economically devastated and its population decimated. D The French lost all influence over German affairs. E Sweden was victorious in all phases of the conflict.

77 The long-term effect of the Thirty Years’ War on the German states was toA. Restrict Lutheranism to southern German statesB. Initiate a long era of peace and rapid economic recoveryC. Encourage unificationD. Devastate the German states’ economiesE. Increase the power of the Holy Roman Emperor

78 The greatest beneficiary in the Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) A. FranceB. SpainC. RussiaD. SwedenE. The Holy Roman Empire

79. All of the following were part of or reflected in the Treaty of Westphalia EXCEPT

A the ruler of each state could establish his or her own religion as dominant B the independence of the United Provinces was guaranteedC Brandenburg-Prussia emerged as the most powerful north German stateD France became Europe*s dominant powerE Russia acquired half of Poland