literature collection final

7/31/2019 Literature Collection Final

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LITERATURE COLLECTION

Abstract

Serum was obtained from 55 patients, including 43 with stable chronic renal failure (CRF)

(28 receiving chronic hemodialysis [CHD] and 15 receiving chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis

[CAPD]), nine with peritonitis receiving CAPD, and three with pancreatitis receiving CAPD. Total

serum amylase activity, lipase activity, isoamylase fractionation, and lipase concentration were

used to measure pancreatic enzymes. Amylase activity was increased in 35 of 43 patients with

CRF but was greater than threefold elevated in only three. Pancreatic isoamylase activity was

greater than 80% in only one patient with CRF but was greater than 80% in all three patients with

pancreatitis receiving CAPD. Lipase activity was increased in 26 patients and lipase concentration

was elevated in 27. Peritoneal fluid from three patients with pancreatitis receiving CAPD

contained high levels of amylase. Serum amylase and lipase are frequently elevated in patients

with CRF in the absence of clinical pancreatitis. However, serum amylase activity greater than

threefold elevated or the presence of pancreatic enzymes in the peritoneal fluid may suggest

coexistent pancreatitis.

1

Author Royse VL,Jensen DM, Corwin HL.,

Title Pancreatic enzymes in chronic renal failure.Journal/Edition/Page No. Arch Intern Med.1987 Mar;147(3):537-9.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Royse%20VL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Royse%20VL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jensen%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jensen%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Corwin%20HL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jensen%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Corwin%20HL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Royse%20VL%22%5BAuthor%5D


2/11

2

Author Anderstam B, Garca-Lpez E, Heimbrger O, Lindholm B

Title Determination of alpha-amylase activity in serum and dialysate from

patients using icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluid.

Journal/Edition/Page No. Perit Dial Int. 2003;23(2):146.

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Low serum activity of alpha-amylase has been reported in peritoneal dialysis (PD)

patients following treatment with icodextrin-based peritoneal dialysis fluid (IPDF). However, these

results have been questioned because icodextrin interferes with the polysaccharide reagent

included in the assay as a substrate for alpha-amylase in the sample.

DESIGN: We adapted a routine method using p-nitrophenol maltoheptaoside as substrate for the

analysis of total alpha-amylase in serum and dialysate from 27 patients using IPDF. Serum from 12

healthy volunteers and serum and dialysate from 19 PD patients using glucose-based peritoneal

dialysis fluid (GPDF) were used as controls. For the PD patients, time on dialysis ranged from 1 to

24 months (mean 5.7 months) and time of exposure to IPDF ranged from 1 to 52 weeks.

RESULTS: To test for interference and recovery, and thus to validate the alpha-amylase assay,

samples were spiked with IPDF and synthetic alpha-amylase. This revealed that addition of up to

75% IPDF did notinterfere with the assay. Furthermore, alpha-amylase was fully recovered when

spiked in serum from patients treated with IPDF. We show that total alpha-amylase activity is

considerably lower in the serum of IPDF patients (20.3 +/- 16.5 U/L, p


3/11

Journal/Edition/Page No. Semin Dial. 2006;19(5):373.

Abstract

Several laboratory parameters can be altered in advanced renal failure. Results may be

difficult to interpret and may become misleading and unreliable in such a context. On the other

hand, some of the alterations may reflect real abnormalities. Thus sufficient knowledge and careful

judgment are required by the clinician. We reviewed different publications related to biochemical

anomalies in renal failure and report some of the main findings. The sections are divided as

follows: cardiovascular risk factors and markers, inflammation markers, pancreatic and liver

function tests, hormones, bone turnover indices and parathyroid hormone assays, tumor markers,

carbohydrate metabolism indicators, and others. The information provided should be useful to

clinicians involved in the care of renal failure patients.

4Author

Lin XZ, Chen TW, Wang SS, Shiesh SC, Tsai YT, Huang TP, Lee SD,

Ting SW

TitlePancreatic enzymes in uremic patients with or without dialysis.

Journal/Edition/Page No. Clin Biochem. 1988;21(3):189.


4/11

Abstract

One hundred thirty blood samples from 87 patients with renal failure, but without

abdominal pain, were analyzed for blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, amylase, p-isoamylase,

and lipase simultaneously. We found that 74, 78, and 80% of the patients had hyperamylasemia,

hyperisoamylasemia, and hyperlipasemia. None had amylase higher than five times the upper limit.

A few patients (2.3%) had lipase elevated to more than 10 times the upper limit. No significant

change of pancreatic enzyme level was noted as a result of hemodialysis, but a significant amount

of amylase was removed from the circulation in patients receiving intermittent peritoneal dialysis.

Significantly lower pancreatic enzyme levels were observed in patients with less impairment of

renal function. We conclude that elevation of pancreatic enzymes in uremic patients is more

frequent and more extensive than most articles indicate, and that the extent of increase is related

more to renal function than to the modalities of dialysis the patients received.

5 Author Collen MJ, Ansher AF, Chapman AB, Mackow RC, Lewis JH

Title Serum amylase in patients with renal insufficiency and renalfailure.

Journal/Edition/Page No. Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85(10):1377.


5/11

Abstract

Results vary with regard to the upper limits of serum amylase seen in patients with renal

failure, and very little has been reported with patients with renal insufficiency not yet requiring

dialysis. To determine the level of serum amylase elevation in renal insufficiency and renal failure,

we determined serum amylase values in 128 subjects with creatinine clearances less than 90

ml/min. Serum amylase remained in the normal range when creatinine clearance was greater than

50 ml/min, and did not become elevated until creatinine clearance was less than 50 ml/min. The

highest serum amylase recorded in the absence of acute pancreatitis was 503 IU/L (normal, less

than 128 IU/L). Serum lipase and trypsin values paralleled those for serum amylase; values

remained normal when creatinine clearance was greater than 50 ml/min, and were normal or

elevated when creatinine clearance was less than 50 ml/min. These results indicate that elevations

of serum amylase (i.e., amylase greater than 128 but less than 500 IU/L) in asymptomatic patients

with impaired renal function are not evident until creatinine clearances fall below 50 ml/min, and

probably do not represent acute pancreatitis.

6 Author Giuseppe Montalto, Antonio Carroccio, VitoSparacino, Domenico Lorello, Daniela Di Martino,Maurizio Soresi, Antonio Galione and Alberto

Notarbartolo

Title Pancreatic enzymes in chronic renal failure andtransplant patients
http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Giuseppe+Montaltohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Carrocciohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Vito+Sparacinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Vito+Sparacinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Domenico+Lorellohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Daniela+Di+Martinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Maurizio+Soresihttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Galionehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Alberto+Notarbartolohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Alberto+Notarbartolohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Giuseppe+Montaltohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Carrocciohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Vito+Sparacinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Vito+Sparacinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Domenico+Lorellohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Daniela+Di+Martinohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Maurizio+Soresihttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Galionehttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Alberto+Notarbartolohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Alberto+Notarbartolo


6/11

Journal/Edition/Page No. International Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer Volume12, Number 3, 211-217, DOI: 10.1007/BF02924359

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and degree of elevated serum levels

of Total Amylase (TA), Pancreatic Amylase (PA), and Lipase (L) activity in patients with chronic

renal failure (CRF) on conservative therapy; CRP on periodical hemodialysis (HD); in renal

transplant (RT) and in a control Group (C). Mean values were significantly higher in all groups

than Group C for TA (p < 0.005), PA (p < 0.0001) and L (p < 0.0001). A statistically significant

correlation was found between TA and L vs creatininemia values in CRF patients, but only up to a

certain level (creatininemia


7/11

Abstract

Objective : To estimate the frequency and severity of acute pancreatitis (AP) associated with

chronic renal failure (CRF) and to find out whether CRF causes AP. Methods : We studied 532

patients with a first episode of AP during the period of 1982-1994. Twenty-one patients had CRF

(endogenous creatinine clearance 3

Ranson's criteria was 47.6% in the CRF group versus 21% in the non-CRF group (p < 0.005) and

by simplified prognostic criteria it was 38 versus 10.3% (p < 0.005), respectively. Overall, CRF

patients had more complications compared with non-CRF (66.6 vs. 26.8%, p < 0.005). CRF

patients with severe AP had high mortality when stratified by either Ranson's >3 (70 vs. 11.1% p 2 (87.5 vs. 20.8%, p < 0.0001). Conclusions : AP in CRF

is frequently of unknown cause, suggesting the role of either CRF or other factors. Irrespective of

cause, AP in CRF is a serious disease, associated with a high morbidity and mortality.

8Author

Morrell Michael Avram

TitleHigh Prevalence of Pancreatic Disease in Chronic

Renal Failure

Journal/Edition/Page No. Nephron 1977;18:68-71 (DOI: 10.1159/000180768)

Abstract


8/11

The prevalence of pancreatic disease was determined in 21 autopsied uremic patients who had died during

the course of maintenance hemodialysis, as compared with 60 autopsied patients without kidney or

pancreatic disease. Histologic criteria of pancreatic disease included. (1) duct ectasia; (2) periductal

fibrosis; (3) ductular proliferation; (4) acinar ductalar metaplasia, and (5) interstitial inflammation or

fibrosis. Significant pancreatic disease was present in 56% of the uremic patients and only 11.8% of the

controls (p < 0.01). Two uremic patients had abscesses in the tail of the pancreas. The clinical

significance of the high prevalence of pancreatic pathologic alterations in uremia remains to be assessed.

9

Author E. B. Pedersen,A. Brock and H. J. Kornerup

Title

Serum Amylase Activity and Renal Amylase ActivityClearance in Patients with Severely Impaired Renal

Function and in Patients Treated with Renal

Allotransplantation

Journal/Edition/Page No.Scandinavian Journal of Clinical & Laboratory

Investigation,1976, Vol. 36, No. 2 , Pages 137-140
http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Pedersen%2C+E.+B.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Brock%2C+A.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Kornerup%2C+H.+J.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Pedersen%2C+E.+B.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Brock%2C+A.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Kornerup%2C+H.+J.)


9/11

Abstarct

Serum amylase activity was measured in 29 nondialysed patients with severe renal failure,

in 24 uraemic patients treated with chronic haemodialysis, and in 29 patients treated with renal

allotransplantation. Simultaneous measurement of renal amylase activity clearance (cam) and

creatinine clearance (Ccr) was performed in 25 patients with severe renal failure and in 19

transplanted patients. Serum amylase activity was elevated in all three groups. Cam was

significantly correlated to Ccr both in the group with severe renal failure and in the transplanted

group. Unlike in the group of transplanted patients, the ratio Cam/Ccr was significantly increased in

patients with severe impaired renal function. It is concluded that the elevation of serum amylase

activity in patients with impaired renal function is primarily due to decreased glomerular filtration

rate. The value of CAm/Ccr for diagnosing acute pancreatitis is doubtful in patients with severe renal

disease.

10

AuthorMichael D. Levitt, M.D.; Mark Rapoport; And Sidney R.

Cooperband, M.D.

TitleThe Renal Clearance of Amylase in Renal

Insufficiency, Acute Pancreatitis, and

Macroamylasemia

Journal/Edition/Page No.Annals of Internal Medicine,November 1, 1969 vol. 71no. 5 919-925

Abstract
http://www.annals.org/search?author1=MICHAEL+D.+LEVITT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=MARK+RAPOPORT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=MICHAEL+D.+LEVITT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=MARK+RAPOPORT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submit


10/11

The renal handling of amylase was studied in patients with renal insufficiency, acute

pancreatitis, and macroamylasemia by measuring the rate of amylase clearance (CAm) relative to the

rate of creatinine clearance (CCr). In renal insufficiency CAm was decreased in proportion to CCr. In

acute pancreatitis, the kidney cleared amylase at a markedly increased rate. The ratio of the

amylase clearance rate to the creatinine clearance rate averaged three times normal early in the

course of acute pancreatitis, and this elevation could persist after the serum amylase had returned

to normal. This increased clearance of amylase makes the urinary amylase a more sensitive

indicator of pancreatitis than is the serum measurement. In contrast to pancreatitis, the high serum

amylase levels found in patients with macroamylasemia are associated with an extremely low

CAm/CCr ratio. These studies suggest that the diagnostic value of amylase measurements may be

enhanced if amylase excretion is related to creatinine excretion.

References

1) Royse VL, Jensen DM, Corwin HL, Pancreatic enzymes in chronic renal failure,Arch

Intern Med. 1987 Mar;147(3):537-9.

2) Anderstam B, Garca-Lpez E, Heimbrger O, Lindholm B, Determination of alpha-

amylase activity in serum and dialysate from patients using icodextrin-based

peritoneal dialysis fluid., Perit Dial Int. 2003;23(2):146.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Royse%20VL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jensen%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Corwin%20HL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Royse%20VL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Jensen%20DM%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Corwin%20HL%22%5BAuthor%5Dhttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2435254


11/11

3) Robitaille R, Lafrance JP, Leblanc M, Altered laboratory findings associated with end-

stage renal disease., Semin Dial. 2006;19(5):373.

4) Lin XZ, Chen TW, Wang SS, Shiesh SC, Tsai YT, Huang TP, Lee SD, Ting SW,

Pancreatic enzymes in uremic patients with or without dialysis., Clin Biochem.

1988;21(3):189.

5) Collen MJ, Ansher AF, Chapman AB, Mackow RC, Lewis JH, Serum amylase in patients

with renal insufficiency and renal failure., Am J Gastroenterol. 1990;85(10):1377.

6) Giuseppe Montalto, Antonio Carroccio, Pancreatic enzymes in chronic renal failure and

transplant patients,International Journal of Gastrointestinal CancerVolume 12, Number 3,

211-217, DOI: 10.1007/BF02924359

7) Pitchumoni C. S., Arguello P. ,Agarwal N. ,Yoo J. ; Acute pancreatitis in chronic renal

failure, The American journal of gastroenterology, 1996, vol. 91, no12, pp. 2477-2482 (38

ref

8) Morrell Michael Avram, High Prevalence of Pancreatic Disease in Chronic Renal

Failure, Nephron 1977;18:68-71 (DOI: 10.1159/000180768)

9) E. B. Pedersen, A. Brock and H. J. Kornerup, Serum Amylase Activity and Renal

Amylase Activity Clearance in Patients with Severely Impaired Renal Function and in

Patients Treated with Renal Allotransplantation, Scandinavian Journal of Clinical &

Laboratory Investigation,1976, Vol. 36, No. 2 , Pages 137-140.

10)Michael D. Levitt, M.D.; Mark Rapoport; And Sidney R. Cooperband, M.D., The Renal

Clearance of Amylase in Renal Insufficiency, Acute Pancreatitis, and

Macroamylasemia, Annals of Internal Medicine,November 1, 1969 vol. 71 no. 5 919-925
http://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Giuseppe+Montaltohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Carrocciohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/1537-3649/http://www.springerlink.com/content/1537-3649/12/3/http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(PITCHUMONI)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(PITCHUMONI)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(ARGUELLO)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(AGARWAL)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(YOO)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=listeTitreSerie:%20(The%20American%20journal%20of%20gastroenterology)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Pedersen%2C+E.+B.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Brock%2C+A.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Kornerup%2C+H.+J.)http://www.annals.org/search?author1=MICHAEL+D.+LEVITT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=MARK+RAPOPORT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Giuseppe+Montaltohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/?Author=Antonio+Carrocciohttp://www.springerlink.com/content/1537-3649/http://www.springerlink.com/content/1537-3649/12/3/http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(PITCHUMONI)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(ARGUELLO)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(AGARWAL)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=auteursNom:%20(YOO)http://www.refdoc.fr/?traduire=en&FormRechercher=submit&FormRechercher_Txt_Recherche_name_attr=listeTitreSerie:%20(The%20American%20journal%20of%20gastroenterology)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Pedersen%2C+E.+B.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Brock%2C+A.)http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Kornerup%2C+H.+J.)http://www.annals.org/search?author1=MICHAEL+D.+LEVITT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=MARK+RAPOPORT&sortspec=date&submit=Submithttp://www.annals.org/search?author1=SIDNEY+R.+COOPERBAND&sortspec=date&submit=Submit

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