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Level 2 Anatomy and Physiology for ExerciseAssessment WorkbookName of learner:

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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK

ContentsSection 1 An introduction to your Practical

Assessment Paperwork page 3

Section 2 The Circulatory System page 4

Section 3 The Respiratory System page 11

Section 4 The Skeletal System: Bones page 16

Section 5 The Skeletal System: Joints page 26

Section 6 The Muscular System page 32

Section 7 Energy Systems page 41

Section 8 The Nervous System page 43

Section 9 Assessment Decision and Assessor Feedback page 45

Section 10 Appendix page 48

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LEVEL 2 ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE

An introduction to your Assessment Paperwork

This assessment workbook assesses the following unit:

Level 2 anatomy and physiology for exercise

What to do with this paperwork? You must answer ALL of the questions in full. If a question asks you to describe or explain something then detail will be required, if you are asked to list or summarise a briefer answer will do.

YOU MUST ACHIEVE 100% ON ALL QUESTIONS TO PASS

What do I do when I have completed this workbook?Once you have completed the workbook please refer to your Welcome Pack for details on how to submit it. If you are doing an apprenticeship your Regional Trainer will explain to you what you need to do next.

What happens if I refer?If you answer any of the questions incorrectly you will receive feedback from your assessor. You will need to re-attempt these questions and submit them again for marking. You can re-attempt the questions as many times as you require.

CertificationYou will receive your certificates for your qualification once all of your assessments have been completed, passed and checked by our Internal Quality Assurers. After checking it is possible that our Internal Quality Assurers may come back and request that you submit more evidence towards an assessment before you can be certificated.

Complaints and appealsIf you are doing an apprenticeship please refer to your Induction Workbook. If not you will find this information in your Welcome Pack.

Support with your assessmentThere are a number of options available should you need to ask questions regarding your assessment. If you are doing an apprenticeship your Regional Trainer can help you. If attending a course your tutor will be happy to assist. After the course our Learner Services team can help with general questions but if you have a specific query about any of the more technical aspects they will refer you to one of our tutor team. If preparing for your assessment and contact us with as much notice as possible to ensure we can help with your query. Learner Services can be contacted at:

Email: [email protected]

Phone: 0117 314 2804

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1. Describe the location of the heart in relation to the following structures:

1a. The lungs

1b. The sternum

1c. The diaphragm

2. Which of the following describes the position of the heart in the chest cavity? Circle the correct answer:

AC 1.1

AC 1.1

AC 1.1

AC 1.1

Entirely on the right-hand side

Entirely on the left-hand side

In the centre and angled to the right

In the centre and angled to the left

Section 2 The Circulatory System

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3. Describe the two main functions of the heart:

4. Identify the chambers and vessels of the heart by labelling the diagram below:

AC 1.2

AC 1.3/1.4

Section 2 The Circulatory System

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5. Complete the table below to show the following:

• The correct flow of blood through the heart starting with the vena cava which is provided for you. You must include all of the structures that you have identified in the diagram above.

• A description of the function of each of the structures. You must identify where it receives blood from and transports it to, and whether it carries oxygenated or deoxygenated blood.

Structure: Function:

Aorta Major artery that carries oxygenated blood to the tissues in body from the left ventricle

AC 1.3/1.4

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6. Identify two different structures within the heart that prevent blood flowing in the wrong direction.

7. Describe systemic and pulmonary circulation:

AC 1.4

AC 1.5

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8. Complete the table to identify whether blood travelling through the arteries and veins is oxygenated or deoxygenated.

Circulation: Arteries Veins

Systemic

Pulmonary

9a. Describe two differences between the structure of arteries and veins:

9b. Describe two differences between the function of arteries and veins:

10a. What is the role of capillaries?

AC 1.5

AC 1.6

AC 1.6

AC 1.6

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10b. Describe two features of a capillary that enable them to perform their role effectively:

11. What is meant by the following terms?

Blood pressure

Systolic pressure

Diastolic pressure

Hypertension

Hypotension

AC 1.6

AC 1.7

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12. Identify the ACSM guidelines for the following:

12a. Normal blood pressure:

12b. Hypertension:

AC 1.8

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13a. How many lungs are there?

13b. The lungs are positioned either side of which organ?

13c. The base of the lungs sits above which muscle?

14. What is the function of the lungs? Provide your answer in full sentences.

AC 2.1

AC 2.1

AC 2.1

AC 2.2

Section 3 The Respiratory System

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15. Identify the structures within, or associated with the lungs by filling in the labels below: AC 2.3

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16. What shape are the lungs?

17. Describe the structure of the trachea in more detail:

18. Fill in the labels to identify the muscles involved in respiration:

AC 2.3

AC 2.3

AC 2.4

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19. Describe the passage of air during inhalation and exhalation:

20. What is residual volume and why is it important?

21a. Where in the lungs does gaseous exchange take place?

AC 2.5

AC 2.5

AC 2.5

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21b. Describe three things that make this structure a good environment for gaseous exchange to take place:

22. Describe the movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs during gaseous exchange:

AC 2.3/2.6

AC 2.3/2.6

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16

Section 4 The Skeletal System: Bones

23. Describe the five basic functions of the skeleton:

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17

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Section 4 The Skeletal System: Bones

24. Label the diagram of the skeleton to identify the location of the major bones in the body: AC 3.2/3.3

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18

25. Complete the table below to identify whether the following bones form part of the axial or appendicular skeleton:

Cranium Humerus, Vertebrae, Tarsals, Scapula, Pelvis, Sternum, Ribs

Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton

AC 3.2/3.3

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19

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Type

of b

one

Exam

ple

Func

tion

26. C

ompl

ete

the

tabl

e be

low

to e

xpla

in th

e cl

assi

ficat

ion

of b

ones

by:

• Id

entif

ying

the

five

type

s of b

one

• Pr

ovid

ing

an e

xam

ple

of e

ach

• Ex

plai

ning

thei

r fun

ctio

n.

AC 3

.4

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27. Label the diagram to identify the structures within a long bone: AC 3.5/4.2

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21

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Name of Structure Explanation

29. Explain two differences between the epiphysis and the diaphysis:

28. For each of the structures of the long bone you have identified in question 27, complete the table below to explain their structure in more detail:

AC 3.5/4.2

AC 3.5/4.2

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22

30. What is ossification and when does it begin?

31. Complete the table below to summarise the five stages of bone growth in your own words:

1.

2.

3

4.

5.

AC 3.6

AC 3.6

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23

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32. Explain the role of osteoblasts and osteoclasts in bone remodelling:

33. Describe what is meant by the term ‘neutral spine’:

34. Label the diagram below to identify the regions of the spine”

AC 3.6

AC 3.8

AC 3.8

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35. Where in the spine would you find the following natural curves:

35a. Lordotic:

35b. Kyphotic:

36. Identify the postural deviations shown in the pictures below:

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

a. b. c. d.

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25

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37. Describe how each of the postural deviations in (36) affect the normal curvature of the spine:

38. Identify two groups of people who are most likely to have hyperlordosis:

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

AC 3.7

a.

b.

c.

d.

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39. Complete the table below to describe the classification of joints. Include:

• The three types of joint classification• An example of where the joint can be found • Detail on their movement potential.

Classification of joint Where joint can be found Movement potential of joint1.

2.

3.

AC 4.1

Section 5 The Skeletal System: Joints

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40. Label the diagram below to identify the structures within a synovial joint:

2

3

4

1

5

6

7

8

AC 4.2Section 5 The Skeletal System: Joints

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

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42b. Articular cartilage:

43. Describe the movement potential and location for each of the synovial joints listed below:

43a. Gliding:

41. What is the difference between the attachment points of ligaments and tendons?

42. Describe the structure of the following:

42a. Synovial membrane:

AC 4.2

AC 4.2

AC 4.3

AC 4.3

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44. Identify the joint actions below:

43b. Pivot:

43c. Ball and socket:

43d. Hinge:

AC 4.3

AC 4.3

AC 4.4

a. b. c. d.

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45. What joint actions are possible at the following joints:

45a. Spine:

45b. Ankle:

45c. Shoulder girdle:

46. Describe each of the following joint actions and give an example of a joint where this occurs:

46a. Flexion:

46b. Horizontal extension:

46c. Adduction:

AC 4.4

AC 4.4

AC 4.4

AC 4.4

AC 4.4

AC 3.7/4.4

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47a. Describe two physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training young people (in the 14-16 age range):

47b. Describe three physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training antenatal and postnatal women:

47c. Describe three physical changes, and their implications for exercise, when training older people (50 plus):

AC 6.1

AC 6.1

AC 6.1

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48. Complete the table below to identify the following:

• The three types of muscle • Their location in the body• Whether they are under voluntary or involuntary control• Their role in the body.

Types of muscle Location in the body Control Role1.

2.

3.

49. Which types of muscle are striated in their appearance?

AC 5.1/5.2

AC 5.1/5.2

Section 6 The Muscular System

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50. Complete the table below to describe the structures of skeletal muscle:

Structure Description

Fascia

Fascicle

Muscle fibre

Myofibril

Sarcomere

AC 5.3/5.4/5.5Section 6 The Muscular System

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51a. Identify the muscles in the anterior of the body:

35


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51b. Identify the muscles in the posterior of the body: AC 5.3/5.4/5.5

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52a. Describe the structure of the pelvic floor:

52b. Give two roles of the pelvic floor:

53. Describe the following terms:

53a. Agonist:

53b. Antagonist:

AC 5.6

AC 5.6

AC 5.7

AC 5.7

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53c. Synergist:

53d. Fixator:

54. Name the agonist AND antagonist muscles during a dumb bell lateral raise exercise:

AC 5.7

AC 5.7

AC 5.7

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55. Describe the different types of muscle action:

55a. Concentric:

55b. Eccentric:

55c. Isometric:

AC 5.7

AC 5.7

AC 5.7

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56. Complete the table below to identify what joint actions each of the muscles create when they contract concentrically and eccentrically:

Muscle Joint actions during concentric phase Joint actions during eccentric phaseHip Flexors

Quadriceps

Pectoralis major

Rectus abdominis

Tibialis anterior

Gluteus maximus

AC 5.8

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57. Identify the joint actions occurring in a lateral raise during the concentric and eccentric phase

58. Complete the table below to identify the different types of muscle and their characteristics

Muscle fibre types Characteristics (identify 3)1.

2.

3.

1.

2.

3.

AC 5.8

AC 5.9

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59. What is the only direct source of energy that can be used by the body?

60. What is the of role carbohydrates, fats and proteins in the production of energy?

61. What nutrients or compounds can the following energy systems use to resynthesise energy?

61a. The aerobic system:

61b. The lactic acid system/anaerobic system :

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

Section 7 Energy Systems

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61c. The creatine phosphate system:

62. Explain the types of activity/exercise that each of the three energy systems will fuel?

62a. The aerobic system:

62b. The lactic acid system/anaerobic system :

62c. The creatine phosphate system:

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

AC 7.1/7.2

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43

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Section 8 The Nervous System

63. Describe two roles of the nervous system?

64. What role does the nervous system play in making muscle actions occur?

65. What does a motor unit consist of?

66. Describe the ‘all or none’ law:

AC 8.1/8.2

AC 8.2

AC 8.2/8.3

AC 8.2/8.3

1.

2.

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67. What determines whether or not a contraction takes place within a motor unit?

68. Give two examples of factors that determine the strength of a muscle contraction:

69. Describe three adaptations that occur in the neuromuscular system with regular exercise that improve motor fitness:

AC 8.2/8.3

AC 8.2/8.3

AC 8.4

AC 8.4

AC 8.4

1.

2.

3.

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Anatomy and Physiology for Exercise Assessment Decision and FeedbackThis section will be completed by your assessor.

Assessment Decision (Pass/Refer):

I can confirm that the result given to the learner is based on a true reflection of the work seen and has been assessed for validity, authenticity, currency and sufficiency.

Assessor’s signature Date

What did you do very well?

What could you improve / might you want to consider in future?

What additional work is required from you in order to pass?

I, the learner have received my feedback and am happy that I understand my result, strengths, weaknesses, and what actions, if any, are required from me to pass this assessment in future.

Learner’s signature Date

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Notes

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Notes

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Section 10 Appendix Unit: Level 2 anatomy and physiology for exercise.

Learning Outcome - The learner will: Learning Outcome - The learner will:1. Understand the structure and function of

the circulatory system1.1 Identify the location of the heart1.2 Describe the function of the heart1.3 Describe the structure of the heart1.4 Describe how blood moves through the four

chambers of the heart1.5 Describe systemic and pulmonary circulation1.6 Describe the structure and functions of blood

vessels1.7 Define blood pressure1.8 Identify blood pressure classifications

2. Understand the structure and function of the respiratory system

2.1 Identify the location of the lungs2.2 Describe the function of the lungs2.3 Describe the structure of the lungs2.4 Identify the main muscles involved in

breathing2.5 Describe the passage of air through the

respiratory tract2.6 Describe the process of gaseous exchange

of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs

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3. Understand the structure and function of the skeleton

3.1 Describe the basic functions of the skeleton

3.2 Identify the structures of the axial skeleton3.3 Identify the structures of the appendicular

skeleton3.4 Explain the classification of bones3.5 Explain the structure of long bone3.6 Explain the stages of bone growth3.7 Describe posture in terms of:

• curves of the spine

• neutral spine alignment

• potential ranges of motion of the spine

• postural deviations to include kyphosis, lordosis, scoliosis and the effect of pregnancy

4. Understand joints in the skeleton 4.1 Describe the classification of joints4.2 Describe the structure of synovial joints4.3 Describe the types of synovial joints and

their range of motion4.4 Describe joint movement potential and

joint actions5. Understand the muscular system 5.1 Identify the three types of muscle tissue

5.2 Define the characteristics and functions of the three types of muscle tissue

5.3 Describe the basic structure of skeletal muscle

5.4 Name and locate the anterior skeletal muscles

5.5 Name and locate the posterior skeletal muscles

5.6 Describe the structure and function of the pelvic floor muscles

5.7 Describe the different types of muscle action

5.8 Identify the joint actions brought about by specific muscle group contractions

5.9 Identify skeletal muscle fibre types and their characteristics

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6. Understand the life-course of the musculoskeletal system and its implications for special populations exercise

6.1 Describe the life-course of the musculoskeletal system, including relevant tendon, ligament, muscle, joint and bone mineral density changes, and their implications for exercise, plus specific implications for working with:

• young people in the 14-16 age range

• antenatal and postnatal women

• older people (50 plus)7. Understand energy systems and their

relation to exercise7.1 Describe how carbohydrates, fats and

proteins are used in the production of energy/adenosine triphosphate

7.2 Explain the use of the three energy systems during aerobic and anaerobic exercise

8. Understand the nervous system and its relation to exercise

8.1 Describe the role and functions of the nervous system

8.2 Describe the principles of muscle contraction

8.3 Describe the ‘all or none law’/motor unit recruitment

8.4 Describe how exercise can enhance neuromuscular connections and improve motor fitness

Lifetime Clifton HeightsTriangle WestBristolBS8 1EJ

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level 2 anatomy and physiology for exercise assessment ... · fitness instructor level 2 anatomy...

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