ENGLISH SUBJECT MATTER: MICROTEACHING

NURUL ATHIRAH ARBI

111 4040 168

ICP A 2011

BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT

LESSON PLAN

NUTRITION AND DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

LESSON PLAN

A. Competence Standard :

3. Describe the structure and function of human organs and certain animals,

abnormalities/diseases that may occur as well as the implications.

B. Basic Competence :

3.3. Explain the relationship between structure, function, and processes as well as

disorders/diseases that may occur in the digestive system.

C. Indicators :

1. Explain the definition of human digestive system.

2. Mention the organs of human digestive system.

3. Explain the process of human digestive system.

D. Learning Objectives :

Students are able to:

1. Students can explain the definition of human digestive system.

2. Students can mention the organs of human digestive system.

3. Students can explain the process of human digestive system.

E. Approach, Model, and Learning Method

Approach : Scientific Approach

Learning Model : Students Teams Achievement Divisions (STAD)

Learning Methods : Speech, discussion and questioning

F. Learning Materials

1. The definition of human digestive system

Digestion is the complex process of turning the food you eat into nutrients, which

the body uses for energy, growth and cell repair needed to survive. The digestion

process also involves creating waste to be eliminated.

School Identity : SMA XX Makassar

Subject Identity : Biology

Class/Semester : XI/2

Time Allocation : 1 X 45 minutes

School Identity : SMA XX Makassar

Subject Identity : Biology

Class/Semester : XI/2

Time Allocation : 1 X 45 minutes

The digestive system is a group of organs working together to convert food into

energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food passes through a long tube

inside the body known as the alimentary canal or the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract). In

order to use the food we eat, our body has to break the food down into smaller

molecules that it can process; it also has to excrete waste.

2. Organs of human digestive system

a. Mouth - The digestive process begins in the mouth. Food is partly broken down by

the process of chewing and by the chemical action of salivary enzymes (these

enzymes are produced by the salivary glands and break down starches into smaller

molecules).

b. Esophagus - After being chewed and swallowed, the food enters the esophagus.

The esophagus is a long tube that runs from the mouth to the stomach. It uses

rhythmic, wave-like muscle movements (called peristalsis) to force food from the

throat into the stomach. This muscle movement gives us the ability to eat or drink

even when we're upside-down.

c. Stomach - The stomach is a large, sack-like organ that churns the food and bathes it

in a very strong acid (gastric acid). Food in the stomach that is partly digested and

mixed with stomach acids is called chyme.

d. Small intestine - After being in the stomach, food enters the duodenum, the first

part of the small intestine. It then enters the jejunum and then the ileum (the final

part of the small intestine). In the small intestine, bile (produced in the liver and

stored in the gall bladder), pancreatic enzymes, and other digestive enzymes

produced by the inner wall of the small intestine help in the breakdown of food.

e. Large intestine - After passing through the small intestine, food passes into the

large intestine. In the large intestine, some of the water and electrolytes (chemicals

like sodium) are removed from the food. Many microbes (bacteria like Bacteroides,

Lactobacillus acidophilus, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella) in the large intestine

help in the digestion process. The first part of the large intestine is called the cecum

(the appendix is connected to the cecum). Food then travels upward in the

ascending colon. The food travels across the abdomen in the transverse colon, goes

back down the other side of the body in the descending colon, and then through the

sigmoid colon.

f. The end of the process - Solid waste is then stored in the rectum until it is excreted

via the anus.

3. Based on the process, the digestion of food can be divided into two types that are:

a. Mechanical digestion begins in your mouth as your teeth tear and grind food into

small bits and pieces you can swallow without choking. The muscular walls of your

esophagus, stomach, and intestines continue mechanical digestion, pushing the food

along, churning and breaking it into smaller particles.

b. Chemical digestion occurs at every point in the digestive system, beginning when

you see or smell food. These sensory events set off nerve impulses from your eyes

and nose that trigger the release of enzymes and other substances that will

eventually break down food to release the nutrients inside. The body then burns

these nutrients for energy or uses them to build new tissues and body parts.

Stages of food processing:

1. Ingestion: the art of eating!

Ingestion is the process of the food entering the mouth. (Ingestion is eating.)

2. Digestion is the process of breaking food into small molecules that can be absorbed

into the blood stream later. Enzymes are a type of protein that speed up chemical

reactions. Enzymes are found in the stomach to speed up the rate of digestion.

Digestion happens via 2 processes:

a. Mechanical digestion

b. Chemical digestion

3. Absorption is the process of the food molecules being absorbed into the blood

stream from the small intestines.

4. Elimination is the discarding of waste from the body.

a. Solid is called feces

b. Liquid is called urine

G. Source / Learning Materials

1. Riandari, Henny. 2009. Theory and Application of Biologi 2. Solo: PT. Tiga Serangkai

Pustaka Mandiri. Pages: 204-213.

2. Internet: http://www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/anatomy/digestive/ . Accessed on

June, 14th 2015. Makassar.

H. Teaching Materials

1. White board

2. Board marker

3. Laptop and LCD

4. Video about human digestive system

I. Learning Steps

Phase of Student Team Achievement Division (STAD)

2rd meeting

PhaseBehavior Time

AllocationTeacher Student

Pre learning Teacher greeting

teacher absent the

students

Students answering

greetings

Students answered

Early Activities

1st Phase:

Presents the

objectives and

motivate students

Teachers present all

the learning

objectives

Teachers provide

apperception "what

happens after the cake

into the mouth?"

What the feeling

Students listen to and

record the learning

objectives

Students answer a

teacher's question by

relating the events

that are known from

the surrounding

environment

3 minutes

2nd Phase

Presenting

information

The teacher presents

information to

students about the

digestive system

Students observe and

record important

information

presented teachers

5 minutes

3rd Phase

Organize students

into learning

groups

The teacher showed a

flash player about

digestive system

Divide students into

five groups of

heterogeneous

Students attention to

the video shown by

the teacher

Students move with

his group

5 minutes

Main Activity

4th Phase:

Guiding study

groups and

working

Teacher gives

worksheets to

students for

discussion and

presentation

Teachers guide and

supervise the

discussion

Students receive

worksheets

provided by the

teacher

Students work on

worksheets that

teachers shared

10 minutes

5th Phase:

Evaluation

Teachers refer

students who will

make presentations

Students present the

results of their

discussion

5 minutes

J. Assessment

a. Discussion and Presentation (psychomotor and affective assesment)

b. Quis (after discussion and group presentasion)

Makassar, June 2015

Known by,

Headmaster of SMAN XX Makassar Biology Teacher,

………………………………………… Nurul Athirah Arbi

NIP. ……………………………………. ID. 111 4040 168

Question :

Answer the following questions with the right answer!

1. Explain the process of digesting that happens in humans mouth cavity!

2. How can the foods getting into through throat arrive at stomach!

3. Explain the kinds of enzyme in the duodenum!

Answer:

1. In the mouth there are teeth, tongue and saliva glands. The foods are cut and chewed

by the teeth. Instead of teeth, in our mouth there are salivary glands. The salivary

glands produce the saliva that is the alkaline transparent liquid and contains mucin and

amylase enzyme. The digestive system using the saliva is called chemical (enzymatic)

digestive system. The secretion of saliva by salivary glands is stimulated by the

existence of the foods in the mouth, seeing, smelling and thinking about the foods. The

tongue is used to taste the foods we eat, place the foods in the mouth, help to stir up

the foods and push the foods in order to be easily swallowed in to the esophagus.

2. The throat is a duct that connects the cavity of mouth to the stomach. When the foods

are swallowed, it takes place peristaltic motion, that is the motion of kneading the

foods, so that the foods are pushed to the stomach. The inner part of the throat is

always getting wet, it is because the fluid that is produced by gland lying on the throat

walls. That fluid has a function to make easy or smooth out the foods to move to the

stomach.

3. In the duodenum, resulting enzyme from the intestinal wall. The enzyme needed to

digest food chemically:

a. Enterokinase, to enable peptidase, which is produced by the pancreas trypsinogen

to trypsin, and activating erepsinogen be Erepsin

b. Trypsin change peptone to amino acids and glycerol

c. Erepsin or dipeptidase, to change or peptone dipeptide into amino acids;

d. Disakarase, change the disaccharide into monosaccharides, namely:

1) Maltose change the maltose into glucose + glucose

2) sucrose transform sucrose into fructose + glucose

3) lactose convert lactose into glucose + galactose

e. Lipase, change triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids