Lesson 3 GrammarLesson 3 Grammarpp.58-63pp.58-63

1. Verb conjugation1. Verb conjugation

AffirmativeAffirmative negativenegative

Imperfective Imperfective (not finished)(not finished)

Stem + Stem +

ます ます ①①Stem + Stem +

ません　ません　②②

Perfective Perfective

(Finished) (Finished) Stem + Stem +

ました　ました　③③Stem +Stem +

ませんでませんでした　した　④④

Which part is the stem?Which part is the stem?

いきますいきます かえりますかえります ききますききます のみますのみます はなしますはなします よみますよみます

おきますおきます たべますたべます ねますねます みますみます

きますきますしますしますべんきょうしますべんきょうします

TranslateTranslate

(I) spoke.(I) spoke. (I) don’t go.(I) don’t go. (I) will read.(I) will read. (I) will not listen.(I) will not listen. (I) didn’t drink.(I) didn’t drink. (I) sleep.(I) sleep. (I) came.(I) came. (I) study. (I) study.

　　　　　　 AffirmativeAffirmative　　 negativenegativeImperfective 1 2Imperfective 1 2Perfective 3 4Perfective 3 4

ParticlesParticles

1.1. De: indicates where the event described De: indicates where the event described by the verb takes place. by the verb takes place.

Toshokan Toshokan dede hon o yomimasu. hon o yomimasu.

(I) read books (I) read books inin the librarythe library..

2.2. Ni: (1) the goal toward which things move Ni: (1) the goal toward which things move

ToshokanToshokan nini ikimasu ka. ikimasu ka.

Will (you) go Will (you) go toto the librarythe library??

(Ni continued)(Ni continued)

(2) Indicates the time at which an event takes (2) Indicates the time at which an event takes place.place.

NichiyoobiNichiyoobi nini kyooto ni ikimasu. kyooto ni ikimasu.

(I) will go to Kyoto (I) will go to Kyoto onon SundaySunday..

Juu-jiJuu-ji nini nemasu. nemasu.

(I) will sleep (I) will sleep atat 10:0010:00..

E: indicates the goal of movement. E: indicates the goal of movement. Interchangeable with “ni” (1). Interchangeable with “ni” (1).

UchiUchi ee kaerimasen. kaerimasen.

(I) will not return (I) will not return toto homehome..

O: indicates a “do-ee” or a direct object. O: indicates a “do-ee” or a direct object.

Koohii o Koohii o nomimasen ka.nomimasen ka.

Won’t you drink Won’t you drink coffeecoffee??

Mearii san wa Mearii san wa Terebi o Terebi o mimashita. mimashita.

Mary watched Mary watched TVTV..

Wa: indicates the topic, not necessarily the Wa: indicates the topic, not necessarily the subject (do-er) of a sentence.subject (do-er) of a sentence.

ZasshiZasshi wawa yomimasu. yomimasu.

As for As for magazinesmagazines, (I) read. , (I) read.

Demo Demo shinbunshinbun wawa yomimasen. yomimasen.

But But as for as for newspapernewspaper, (I) don’t read., (I) don’t read.

KyooKyoo wawa kyooto ni ikimasu. kyooto ni ikimasu.

As for As for todaytoday, (I) will go to Kyoto., (I) will go to Kyoto.

Particles NotesParticles Notes

1.1. There are some time words that do not take There are some time words that do not take particles.particles.

kyoo, kinoo, ashita, asukyoo, kinoo, ashita, asu

mainichi, maisyuu, mainichi, maisyuu,

itsu itsu

2.2. The following words sometimes take “ni,” but The following words sometimes take “ni,” but not necessary. not necessary.

asa, hiru, yoru, banasa, hiru, yoru, ban

syuumatsusyuumatsu

3.3. Time indicator, “ni, can be used with any Time indicator, “ni, can be used with any time words such as hours, minutes, date, time words such as hours, minutes, date, month and year. month and year.

Practice: Translate.Practice: Translate.

1.1. What time do you get up?What time do you get up?

2.2. Where do you study?Where do you study?

3.3. When do you watch TV?When do you watch TV?

4.4. Do you play sports?Do you play sports?

5.5. Where do you go on weekends?Where do you go on weekends?

6.6. What do you eat in the morning?What do you eat in the morning?

7.7. What will you do this evening?What will you do this evening?

8.8. About what time do you sleep every night?About what time do you sleep every night?

Find some one who…Find some one who…

1.1. Shichi-ji ni okimasu ka.Shichi-ji ni okimasu ka.

2.2. Mainichi asagohan (o) tabemasu ka.Mainichi asagohan (o) tabemasu ka.

3.3. Huransugo (o) hanashimasu ka.Huransugo (o) hanashimasu ka.

4.4. Uchi de terebi (o) mimasu ka.Uchi de terebi (o) mimasu ka.

5.5. Nihon no ongaku (o) kikimasu ka.Nihon no ongaku (o) kikimasu ka.

6.6. Tenisu (o) shimasu ka.Tenisu (o) shimasu ka.