Lesson 1: Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

Jamestown & the Virginia Colony

Key Terms

Joint-stock company

Virginia Company John Smith John Rolfe Cash crop Tobacco

Powhatan House of

Burgesses Bacon’s Rebellion Indentured servant Slavery

What we want to know

Why was Jamestown founded? How did geography impact the

development of Virginia? What was the relationship between

the colonists and the Native Americans?

What allowed Jamestown to prosper? How was self-government developing

in Jamestown?

Motivation for founding Jamestown Money

Promise of gold for King James & English government

Land for small farmers pushed off their land

Land & wealth for younger sons who couldn’t inherit

More than a few of the early explorers were younger sons on a quest for wealth and fame

Early Efforts at Colonization & theLost Colony of Roanoke First effort: Newfoundland Roanoke – founded in 1585 by Sir

Walter Raleigh off coast of Virginia Croatoan

Founding of Jamestown

April 1607 Jamestown founded by a group of investors who formed The Virginia Company, a joint-stock company

The goal was to get rich quick. No one was thinking of long-term settlement

Jamestown became the 1st permanent English settlement in the Americas

Founding of Jamestown: The Colonists The Colonists

Most were single men Few had any practical skills like a knowledge of

farming, carpentry, etc. They planned to find gold and return to England

John Smith Took over the colony in 1608 Pocahontas –Powhatan people help colonists at

first “He who shall not work shall not eat.”

PocahontasRebecca Rolfe

Founding of Jamestown

Conditions were terrible Mosquitoes spread diseases like malaria Colonists died of disease, malnutrition, &

starvation Many spent time looking for gold rather

than storing food & building shelter

Founding of Jamestwon The “Starving Time,” Winter 1609-160

Only 60 of the 400 colonists survived (attempted cannibalism)

Colonist raided Native Americans to get food & this increases tensions between the two groups

1610 Remaining colonists try to leave, but are ordered by back by the new governor, Lord De La Warr

1625 Virginia Company was bankrupt & King James made Jamestown part of the royal colony of Virginia

In 1625 only 1200 out of 8,000 who had come to Virginia since 1607 were still alive

The English & the Native Americans Relations remained tense & two

major wars were fought European diseases were the worst

enemy of the Native Americans By 1669, only 10% of the original

Native American people who lived in Virginia remained

Evolution of Democracy in Virginia 1619 The Virginia Company started

the House of Burgesses Governor appointed men to the H of

B, which was the first representative legislature in the colonies

Members had to be male, over 21, and own a certain amount of property

Jamestown & Tobacco

Tobacco was introduced to Europe in the 1580s & a smoking frenzy began

1612 John Rolfe introduced a hybrid tobacco with a smoother taste

By 1700, Virginia exported 40 million pounds of tobacco per year

Impact of Tobacco

Increased the need for land which caused colonists to move west

Increased the need for labor

How to get workers to Jamestown? ___________system – a person who

paid for another persons’ ticket to the new world got 50 acres of land

___________ servants -- a person who could not afford the journey to America agreed to work for 4 to 7 years

Who were the indentured servants? 3/4s of Chesapeake Bay colonists were

___________ servants Young, unskilled males A few were women & children

___________ provided food, clothing, and housing They were treated like ___________ 2 out of 5 died before they finished their

___________ Most went to live on the frontier or returned

to England

Bacon’s Rebellion Ex-indentured servants live on cheap

___________ land They had lots of conflicts with the

___________ Americans They paid high ___________ and wanted the

governor of Virginia to send the ___________ to protect them

Gov. William Berkley (fur trade) refused to send help when fighting between colonists on the frontier & Native Americans in 1676

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel ___________ led the former indentured servants on a march to ___________, capital of the Virginia colony

Bacon and the rebels got control of Jamestown

The governor ran away But Bacon died & the rebellion

ended

Why is Bacon’s Rebellion important? Using slaves

seemed better than indentured servants

Showed power of "common man“ (an important theme in American history)

Lesson 2: The Puritans Settle New England

Massachusetts and Rhode Island

Lesson 2 Vocabulary & Key Terms Purify Puritans Separatists Plymouth Colony Pilgrims Mayflower

Compact Massachusetts Bay

Colony Port

Electorate General Court Dissenter Roger Williams Rhode Island Anne Hutchinson Treaty Metacom King Philip’s War

The New England Colonies

What We Want to Know Why did the Puritans settle New England? What type of colony was New England? What was the relationship between the

Puritans and the Native Americans? What kind of government did the New

England colonies have? Why was the colony of Rhode Island

founded? What ended Native American power in New

England? What caused the Salem Witch Trials?

Settlement of the New England Colonies The Puritans

A religious group in England Wanted to “___________” the Church of

England of ___________ rituals Believed in hard work and community

Some Puritans said purifying the church was impossible, so they would have to separate from the Church of England These people were called Separatists

Plymouth Colony & the Mayflower Compact ___________ called the ___________

came to America on the Mayflower. ___________ ___________– document

signed by Pilgrim men. 1st document of ___________ -government

in America Pilgrim men would make laws for all

colonists

Founding of Plymouth Colony

Mayflower Compact

Massachusetts Bay Colony Founded in 1630 Founded by ___________ as a joint-

stock company ___________ wanted religious freedom

Society in the New England Colonies Unlike Jamestown, Plymouth and

Massachusetts Bay were settle by ___________

Religion was very important.

Massachusetts Bay Colony Government – The Puritans had _____ ______ to make

laws and decisions about government Men who owned ___________ in the

Massachusetts Bay Company could ___________ Men who belonged to the ___________ church

could vote A large electorate – compared to England The town meetings were an early form of

democracy in America

Religious Dissenters in Massachusetts Bay In Massachusetts the ___________ controlled the

government Religious difference were not tolerated Roger ___________ disagreed with Puritan Church Williams said

The Puritans should pay ___________ American for their land

The government shouldn’t punish people for disagreeing with the Puritan church

The Puritans forced Williams to leave MBC and he founded the colony of ___________ Island.

Roger Williams & Native AMericans

Religious DissentersANNE HUTCHINSON

Said Christians didn’t need ___________ or the church to interpret the Bible

Hutchinson and her family were ___________ MBC

(Later Hutchinson & her family were killed by Native Americans.)

Puritans and Native Americans Native Americans & Puritans made

___________ about using the land Native Americans believed

___________ were for a ___________ time

Puritans believed the treaties were ________

In 1637 there was a ________ between Native Americans and Puritans over ________

Puritans ___________

Puritans and Native Americans Many Native Americans were ______

and had to _______ for the Puritans and obey ___________ laws

1675 Metacom (King ________), a Native American leader, started a war against the Puritans

The war was called King Philip’s The Puritans won and the Native

Americans did not ___________ the Puritans again.

The Salem Witch(Bruja) Trials, 1692 Puritan society was very _________ –

no cursing, no ___________, long church services, lots of rules to follow

Puritans also had to worry about _________ attacks

Puritan ________ had very little power in their own lives

Salem Witch Trials

Salem Witch Trials

1692 young girls began accusing women in Salem of ___________

Most people in the 1600s believed in _______

The most important people in town were listening to the ___________

19 people were ________ for being witches

Finally, the girls accused the wife of the ___________

Lesson 3: The Middle Colonies:New York & Pennsylvania

New Jersey & Delaware

The Middle Colonies Key Terms & Vocabulary Dutch Netherlands Diverse (diversity) Fur Trade Proprietary Quaker Minister William Penn

Tolerance

The Middle Colonies: What we want to know Why did the Dutch settle the New

Netherlands (New York)? Why did the Quakers settle

Pennsylvania What kind of societies developed in

New York and Pennsylvania?

The Middle Colonies: New York The New ___________ (New York) were

colonized by the ___________ The ___________ wanted to trade with

the Native Americans for _____. The Dutch let many different types

of people settle in New Netherlands, so the New Netherlands had a very ________ population. Germans, French, Scandinavia, free

Africans

The Middle Colonies: New York In the 1660s, the Dutch colony of the

New Netherlands geographically split the _______ colony from the _____ ______

England took the New Netherlands from the Dutch.

The English renamed the colony New ______

The colony became a proprietary colony.

The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia ___________ were religious dissenters.

They believed a church didn’t need a minister.

They did not believe in war. William Penn was a _________ Quaker.

He wanted to start a colony for Quakers.

The Middle Colonies: Pennsylvannia Penn’s colony was called ___________. Penn had strong beliefs about his colony

No slavery Religious tolerance

_______ relations with the Native Americans

Penn let people from France, the Netherlands, Germany, and other countries live in Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania was a ___________ colony.

The Thirteen Colonies

New Hampshire 1623 Maryland 1634 – founded for

Catholics Connecticut – 1634 Delaware 1638 North Carolina 1653 South Carolina 1663 New Jersey 1664

Home Sweet Home:Georgia

King George III of England gave James Oglethorpe a charter to establish the colony of ___________

In England in 1700s, people who could not ___________ were sent to jail.

___________ believed it was better to give people a chance to work and ___________

Oglethorpe wanted these people to live in Georgia

Georgia 1736 Oglethorpe established his colony on Saint Simon’s

Island. Few debtors actually came No rum and no slaves Georgians saw South Carolinians getting rich from rice

plantations

Lesson 4: England and Her Colonies

Lesson 4 Vocabulary

Marketplace Raw materials Mercantilism Theory Self-sufficient Navigation Acts Parliament

Why did England want colonies? America provided raw materials Examples? ?

__________________________________________________________________ America was a marketplace for

English manufactured products Mercantilism

Mercantilism

What is mercantilism? An economic theory

What are the goals of mercantilism? To be ___________ – a country shouldn’t

depend on other countries for anything To get as much gold and silver as a

country can Is America self-sufficient?

Economic Activities in the ColoniesNEW ENGLAND COLONIES Shipbuilding Rum Fishing Lumber Trade

MIDDLE COLONIES Furs Wheat Glass Livestock Flax (used to make

linen cloth)

Economic Activities in the ColoniesSOUTHERN COLONIES

Tobacco Rice Indigo Wheat Lumber

Navigation Acts

Colonists were selling ___________to other European _______. ________ didn’t like this.

England’s _________ passed the ___________ Acts – laws to control colonial ___________

_____ colonists didn’t like the Navigation Acts

England had left the ____________ alone as the country was involved in wars with ________ __________.

The Southern Colonies ___________ economy

___________– one grown primarily for sale▪ Examples: ___________, rice, ___________, indigo

Very little industry or diversification Patterns of settlement:

Many Southerners came from British Isles or Germans

___________ & small farms▪ Crops transported to ___________ cities along South’s

many rivers Result: few cities and towns ___________

The Southern Colonies: Slavery Slavery

___________ servants & enslaved Indians didn’t meet need for ___________

Colonists turned to African ___________▪ (1690 – 13,000; 1750 – 200,000)

___________ were looking for the ___________ form of labor to maximize their ___________

The Slave Trade African ___________ used in West Indies on

sugar plantations Triangular Trade

Rum shipped from New England to Africa Slaves shipped from Africa to West Indies Sugar & molasses shipped from W. Indies to

New England ___________ Passage – passage from Africa to

the West Indies▪ ___________ Africans shipped in horrible conditions▪ Up to 20% died on the voyage over

Life in the American Colonies

Began full-time work at age _____ Most worked in ___________ Worked to maintain their ___________ –

dance, song, stories

The North

The North: ___________ economy

Poor, rocky soil, not good for large farms in ______ _____________▪ (Agriculture does well in the ___________

Colonies; e.g. PA) Industries: fishing, lumber, ship

building, rum production Slavery did exist, but it wasn’t

___________

The North

Cities and towns developed Education – important in New

___________ More diverse society – G ___________, D ___________, British, Scandinavians, J

___________, Pro ___________, Ca ___________

Salem Witch Trials

Young girls accused older women▪ Belief in ___________ was real▪ Fear of ___________ American attacks –

preoccupied with ___________ Probably result of ___________ and

___________ tensions Ended when girls accused wife of

governor of Massachusetts

The Great Awakening 1650s- early1700s ___________ church in decline

___________ prospered and were focusing on money, not God

___________ Covenant, 1661▪ Let children of church members join church even if

they couldn’t give required testimony of ___________ 1690s – MA had to permit other forms of

worship when it became a ___________ colony

Great Awakening

Jonathan ___________, Puritan leader tried to revive the Puritan Church

1730s & 1740s – Wave of religious ___________ swept colonies▪ Number of colonists in church ___________

dramatically▪ New denominations – Baptists, Methodists

Slaves were introduced to ___________ Led to interest in higher education, Ivy Leagues

est.▪ Need for literacy

Great Awakening and Revolution

Focus on ___________ & human reasoning Questioning of ___________ authority

French and Indian War, 1754-1763

France and Britain were competing over the Ohio River Valley (French had settled in Canada for fur trade) Brits think French giving Nat. Ams. weapons

1754 – GW sent to evict French citizens from part of ORV

GW defeated & had to surrender his fort War began

1st – French winning British get new Prime Minister who revamped the

army 1763 British defeated French at Battle of Quebec

French and Indian War, 1754-1763 Treaty of Paris ended the war

Britain got all of N America east of Miss River, including FL

(Spain – got French lands w. of Miss R.) (France – kept a few small islands off

Canada) Native Americans – British harder to deal

with than the French

Importance of French and Indian War Proclamation of 1763 – no

settlement west of Appalachians British War debt – Who is going to

pay for the war? How does this cause problems

between the colonies and England?